{"id":5560,"date":"2014-10-22T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-10-21T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/revolucionar\/"},"modified":"2014-10-22T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2014-10-21T23:00:00","slug":"revolucionar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/revolucionar\/","title":{"rendered":"Revolutionary"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00daspe\u0161n\u00fd podnikate\u013e, revolucion\u00e1r automobilov\u00e9ho\u00a0priemyslu, po ktorom je ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 obdobie\u00a0jeho \u017eivota aj ako \u201efordizmus\u201c. Priniesol nov\u00fd poh\u013ead\u00a0na v\u00fdrobu \u00e1ut, zaviedol p\u00e1sov\u00fa v\u00fdrobu, mal\u00a0nov\u00fd poh\u013ead na marketing a mana\u017ement, v\u010faka\u00a0\u010domu predal mili\u00f3ny automobilov a jeho spolo\u010dnos\u0165\u00a0sa stala zn\u00e1mou po celom svete. Dnes u\u017e s\u00edce\u00a0meno tejto zna\u010dky v silnej konkurencii stratilo\u00a0svoje niekdaj\u0161ie prvenstvo, ale Henry Ford mal\u00a0jednozna\u010dne vplyv na technologick\u00fd rozvoj a automobilov\u00fd\u00a0priemysel v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti.<\/strong><\/h3>\n

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Henry Ford sa narodil 30. j\u00fala 1863 ako\u00a0jedno zo \u0161iestich det\u00ed na rodinnej farme vo\u00a0Wayne County v Michigane. Aj ke\u010f si toto\u00a0miesto od neho vy\u017eadovalo u\u017e odmali\u010dka tvrd\u00fa\u00a0manu\u00e1lnu pr\u00e1cu, u\u017e v dv\u00e1nastich rokoch objavil\u00a0svoju v\u00e1\u0161e\u0148 pre techniku. Po tom, ako videl\u00a0prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t lokomot\u00edvu, zmenil sa jeho poh\u013ead na\u00a0predur\u010den\u00fa bud\u00facnos\u0165 farm\u00e1ra. Ke\u010f mal mlad\u00fd\u00a0Ford 15 rokov, otec mu daroval vreckov\u00e9\u00a0hodinky, ktor\u00e9 znovu poskladal. Nesk\u00f4r za\u010dal\u00a0opravova\u0165 hodinky aj jeho kamar\u00e1tom. V \u0161estn\u00e1stich\u00a0rokoch opustil svoje rodisko a usadil sa\u00a0v Detroite, kde sa vyu\u010dil za z\u00e1mo\u010dn\u00edka. Potom\u00a0pracoval ako oprav\u00e1r parn\u00fdch strojov, ale neust\u00e1le\u00a0sa zaoberal v\u00fdvojom strojov, ktor\u00e9 by vyu\u017e\u00edvali\u00a0benz\u00ednov\u00fd motor, \u010do bolo v tej dobe e\u0161te\u00a0odmietan\u00e9. Medzit\u00fdm sa v roku 1888 o\u017eenil\u00a0s Clarou Bryant, s ktorou mal nesk\u00f4r aj svojho\u00a0jedin\u00e9ho syna a kv\u00f4li nim sa aj na kr\u00e1tku dobu\u00a0vr\u00e1til sp\u00e4\u0165 na farmu.<\/p>\n

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\u201eSchopnos\u0165 nad\u0161enia nesie tvoje\u00a0n\u00e1deje ku hviezdam.\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0O tri roky nesk\u00f4r z\u00edskal miesto v Edison Illuminating Company, kde sa ako hlavn\u00fd in\u017einier mohol venova\u0165 aj vlastn\u00fdm experimentom s benz\u00ednov\u00fdmi motormi a v\u00fdvoju vlastn\u00e9ho automobilu. Ten uzrel svetlo sveta v roku 1896, i\u0161lo o prv\u00e9 samohybn\u00e9 vozidlo podobn\u00e9 bicyklu, preto aj malo n\u00e1zov Quadricycle. Toto vozidlo v\u00e1\u017eilo 230 kg, malo \u0161tyri koles\u00e1 a dva prevodov\u00e9 stupne. Nemalo spiato\u010dku a maxim\u00e1lna r\u00fdchlos\u0165 bola 30 km za hodinu.<\/p>\n

\u201eNie je hanbou \u010destn\u00fd ne\u00faspech,\u00a0ale strach z ne\u00faspechu.\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Prv\u00e1 \u00e9ra Fordovho podnikania za za\u010dala\u00a0zalo\u017een\u00edm vlastnej automobilovej spolo\u010dnosti\u00a0Detroit Automobile Company. Pustil sa tak do\u00a0riskantn\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu pred\u00e1va\u0165 aut\u00e1 aj oby\u010dajn\u00fdm\u00a0nez\u00e1mo\u017en\u00fdm \u013eu\u010fom. Ke\u010f\u017ee spolo\u010dn\u00edci s n\u00edm\u00a0t\u00fato jeho v\u00edziu nezdie\u013eali, nechal Ford spolo\u010dnos\u0165\u00a0zbankrotova\u0165 a zameral sa na zlep\u0161ovanie\u00a0svojich automobilov. V roku 1901 zalo\u017eil nov\u00fa\u00a0spolo\u010dnos\u0165 s n\u00e1zvom Henry Ford Company,\u00a0kde sa stretol s rovnak\u00fdm konfliktom n\u00e1zorov\u00a0na kone\u010dn\u00e9ho spotrebite\u013ea, ktor\u00fdmi mali by\u0165\u00a0pod\u013ea Forda oby\u010dajn\u00ed \u013eudia. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 preto\u00a0opustil a t\u00e1 sa nesk\u00f4r premenovala na zn\u00e1mu\u00a0zna\u010dku luxusn\u00fdch automobilov Cadillac Automobile\u00a0Company.<\/p>\n

\u201ePodnik, ktor\u00fd neprin\u00e1\u0161a ni\u010d in\u00e9ho\u00a0ne\u017e peniaze, je \u00faboh\u00fd podnik.\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Tret\u00ed pokus o zalo\u017eenie si vlastnej spolo\u010dnosti\u00a0sa uk\u00e1zal ako \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd a priniesol Fordovi\u00a0najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu sl\u00e1vu. V roku 1903, kedy sa narodil aj\u00a0Fordov syn Edsel, zalo\u017eil so svojimi spolo\u010dn\u00edkmi\u00a0firmu Ford Motor Company. Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 imanie\u00a0firmy bolo 28 tis\u00edc dol\u00e1rov, ktor\u00e9 vyzbierali od\u00a0radov\u00fdch ob\u010danov. U\u017e za prv\u00fd rok dok\u00e1zala firma\u00a0vyrobi\u0165 neuverite\u013en\u00fdch 1700 automobilov\u00a0a nieko\u013eko prototypov, ktor\u00e9 vyhr\u00e1vali automobilov\u00e9\u00a0z\u00e1vody a l\u00e1mali r\u00fdchlostn\u00e9 rekordy.\u00a0V tejto spolo\u010dnosti sa Fordovi podarilo aj naplni\u0165\u00a0svoju v\u00edziu vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 lacn\u00e9 a kvalitn\u00e9 automobily\u00a0pre ka\u017ed\u00e9ho. T\u00fato v\u00edziu ale dosiahol a\u017e\u00a0zaveden\u00edm v\u00fdroby na mont\u00e1\u017enej linke, ktor\u00e1\u00a0umo\u017e\u0148ovala masov\u00fa produkciu \u00e1ut.<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eM\u00f4\u017eete ma\u0165 voz svojej ob\u013e\u00fabenej\u00a0farby, pokia\u013e m\u00e1te najrad\u0161ej \u010diernu.\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0V roku 1906 a\u017e 1908 zaviedol v\u00fdrobu legend\u00e1rnych\u00a0modelov N a T, ktor\u00fdch cena bola\u00a0iba 825 dol\u00e1rov, v\u010faka \u010domu boli dostupn\u00e9 aj\u00a0pre be\u017en\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. Model T bol prv\u00fdm s\u00e9riovo\u00a0vyr\u00e1ban\u00fdm automobilom zo \u0161tandardizovan\u00fdch\u00a0s\u00fa\u010diastok, poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00fd \u0161tvorvalcom s v\u00fdkonom\u00a015 kW, dosahoval r\u00fdchlos\u0165 70 km\/h, v\u00e1\u017eil\u00a0544 kg a mal spotrebu 13 a\u017e 22 litrov na 100\u00a0km. Po zdokona\u013eovan\u00ed procesu v\u00fdroby sa doba\u00a0v\u00fdroby jedn\u00e9ho vozidla zredukovala na 93\u00a0min\u00fat. Cena modelu sa napokon zn\u00ed\u017eila a\u017e na\u00a0rekordn\u00fdch 360 dol\u00e1rov. Zauj\u00edmavos\u0165ou je, \u017ee\u00a0cel\u00e9 auto bolo vyroben\u00e9 z konop\u00ed a jazdilo na\u00a0konopn\u00fd benz\u00edn. Do roku 1927 sa len z modelu\u00a0T predalo neuverite\u013en\u00fdch 15 mili\u00f3nov kusov.\u00a0\u00daspech spolo\u010dnosti znamenal revol\u00faciu nielen\u00a0v automobilovom priemysle, ale mal vplyv aj na\u00a0modern\u00fa kult\u00faru, preto je toto obdobie \u010dasto\u00a0ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 ako \u201efordizmus\u201c.<\/p>\n

\u201eSpokojn\u00fd zamestnanec urob\u00ed viac\u00a0ako traja nespokojn\u00ed.\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Obrovsk\u00fd dopyt po automobiloch vytvoril\u00a0po\u017eiadavku na otvorenie novej tov\u00e1rne,\u00a0kde bola v roku 1913 zaveden\u00e1 aj technol\u00f3gia\u00a0p\u00e1sovej v\u00fdroby navrhnut\u00e1 samotn\u00fdmi\u00a0zamestnancami, ktor\u00fdch in\u0161pirovalo p\u00e1sov\u00e9\u00a0zariadenie na jatk\u00e1ch. Ford sa po tomto\u00a0\u00faspechu a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed tr\u017eieb rozhodol zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 svojim\u00a0zamestnancom mzdu o dvojn\u00e1sobok (na\u00a05 dol\u00e1rov za de\u0148), \u010d\u00edm si chcel zaisti\u0165, aby\u00a0mal st\u00e1lych zamestnancov. Zaviedol tie\u017e soci\u00e1lny\u00a0program pre st\u00e1lych zamestnancov,\u00a0ktor\u00fd zah\u0155\u0148al zdravotn\u00fa starostlivos\u0165, \u0161portov\u00e9\u00a0a kult\u00farne vy\u017eitie a \u0161peci\u00e1lne pr\u00e9mie.\u00a0Tieto\u00a0benefity sa t\u00fdkali iba zamestnancov, ktor\u00ed\u00a0\u017eili po\u010destn\u00fdm \u017eivotom, teda neholdovali alkoholu\u00a0a hazardu. Kv\u00f4li takejto kontrole zamestnancov\u00a0Ford zaviedol tie\u017e sociologick\u00e9\u00a0oddelenie spolo\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

Keby som mal posledn\u00fdch 5 dol\u00e1rov,\u00a0tak 3 z nich venujem na reklamu.\u201c
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Rekord v predaji modelu T zabezpe\u010dil automobilke\u00a0prvenstvo na trhu a a\u017e 50 percentn\u00fd\u00a0podiel na americkom trhu. Tento rekord nebol\u00a0prekonan\u00fd po\u010das nasleduj\u00facich 45 rokov. \u010casom\u00a0Ford odk\u00fapil akcie od v\u0161etk\u00fdch akcion\u00e1rov\u00a0a stal sa jedin\u00fdm vlastn\u00edkom spolo\u010dnosti Ford\u00a0Motor Company. Po ukon\u010den\u00ed v\u00fdroby modelu\u00a0T nast\u00fapil do vedenia spolo\u010dnosti aj Fordov syn\u00a0Edsel a za\u010dali s v\u00fdrobou rovnako \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9ho\u00a0modelu A.<\/p>\n

\u201eIdealista je ten, kto pom\u00e1ha\u00a0ostatn\u00fdm k prosperite.\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Po\u010das 1. svetovej vojny Ford vystupoval\u00a0ako pacifista, dokonca sponzoroval mierov\u00fa\u00a0lo\u010f do Eur\u00f3py. V roku 1936 zalo\u017eil Ford\u00a0Foundation, prostredn\u00edctvom ktorej poskytoval\u00a0granty na v\u00fdskum, vzdel\u00e1vanie a rozvoj.\u00a0Bol v\u0161ak tie\u017e zanieten\u00fdm antisemitom, \u010do\u00a0otvorene hl\u00e1sal aj v novin\u00e1ch The Dearborn\u00a0Independent. Je tie\u017e autorom knihy Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9\u00a0\u017eidovstvo – celosvetov\u00fd probl\u00e9m.\u00a0Jeho nemeck\u00e1 pobo\u010dka Ford Werke AB dod\u00e1vala\u00a0nemeckej arm\u00e1de n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1\u00a0a civilistom upraven\u00fa verziu modelu T. Podporoval\u00a0tie\u017e Adolfa Hitlera, ktor\u00e9mu ka\u017ed\u00fd\u00a0rok posielal na narodeniny 50 tis\u00edc dol\u00e1rov\u00a0a v\u00fd\u0165a\u017eok z predaja automobilov Ford v Nemecku\u00a0venoval NSDAP. Po vstupe USA do\u00a02. svetovej vojny sa spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Ford Motor\u00a0Company zapojila do v\u00fdroby bombard\u00e9rov\u00a0B-24. Po viacer\u00fdch zmen\u00e1ch vo veden\u00ed firmy\u00a0sa na \u010delo spolo\u010dnosti postavil Fordov vnuk\u00a0Henry Ford mlad\u0161\u00ed. Aj ke\u010f to vyzeralo tak, \u017ee\u00a0podnik zbankrotuje, podarilo sa mu postavi\u0165\u00a0ho znovu na nohy a pretrva\u0165 a\u017e dodnes.<\/p>\n

Henry Ford zomrel 7. apr\u00edla 1947 vo veku\u00a083 rokov na mozgov\u00fa pr\u00edhodu v noci vo svojom\u00a0dome.<\/p>\n

Vytvorenie si n\u00e1zoru na Henryho Forda\u00a0nech\u00e1vame na ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010ditate\u013ea. Jeho minulos\u0165\u00a0obsahuje mnoho svetl\u00fdch aj temn\u00fdch str\u00e1nok,\u00a0\u010d\u00edm sa dost\u00e1va do poz\u00edcie revolucion\u00e1ra, vyn\u00e1lezcu\u00a0a filantropa, na druhej strane v\u0161ak z\u00e1rove\u0148\u00a0aj antisemitu a politick\u00e9ho aktivistu, ktor\u00fd\u00a0nev\u00e1hal vyu\u017ei\u0165 svoju moc v prospech podpory\u00a0vojnov\u00e9ho re\u017eimu. Jeho vplyv je zna\u010dn\u00fd dodnes\u00a0a neby\u0165 jeho inovat\u00edvnych my\u0161lienok na\u00a0automobilov\u00fd priemysel, syst\u00e9m v\u00fdroby a soci\u00e1lny\u00a0program na udr\u017eovanie st\u00e1lych zamestnancov,\u00a0kto vie, na \u010dom by sme dnes jazdili\u00a0a ako by sme pracovali.<\/p>\n

\n

Maria Synakova<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00daspe\u0161n\u00fd podnikate\u013e, revolucion\u00e1r automobilov\u00e9ho\u00a0priemyslu, po ktorom je ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 obdobie\u00a0jeho \u017eivota aj ako \u201efordizmus\u201c. Priniesol nov\u00fd poh\u013ead\u00a0na v\u00fdrobu \u00e1ut, zaviedol p\u00e1sov\u00fa v\u00fdrobu, mal\u00a0nov\u00fd poh\u013ead na marketing<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5560","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5560","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5560"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5560\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5560"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5560"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5560"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}