{"id":5633,"date":"2014-08-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-08-19T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/ludia-ktori-zmenili-svet-j-p-morgan-2\/"},"modified":"2014-08-20T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2014-08-19T23:00:00","slug":"ludia-ktori-zmenili-svet-j-p-morgan-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/ludia-ktori-zmenili-svet-j-p-morgan-2\/","title":{"rendered":"People Who Changed the World \u2013 JP Morgan"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<strong> \u00a0John Pierpont Morgan bol americk\u00fdm finan\u010dn\u00edkom, bank\u00e1rom,\u00a0filantropom a zberate\u013eom umenia. Jeho najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed pr\u00ednos pre Ameriku\u00a0spo\u010d\u00edval v z\u00edskan\u00ed prostriedkov na vybudovanie \u017eelezni\u010dnej\u00a0siete v USA po\u010das ve\u013ekej kr\u00edzy v roku 1907. Amerike tie\u017e pomohol\u00a0splati\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1tny dlh a spolufinancoval zalo\u017eenie US Steel.\u00a0Podporoval aj zn\u00e1meho vyn\u00e1lezcu Nikola Teslu a bol dlhoro\u010dn\u00fdm\u00a0spr\u00e1vcom Metropolitan Museum of Art. V\u010faka nemu sa zru\u0161ilo clo\u00a0na dovoz umeleck\u00fdch predmetov, \u010d\u00edm sa zasl\u00fa\u017eil o z\u00edskanie najkraj\u0161\u00edch\u00a0zbierok pre toto m\u00fazeum. Vzbudil z\u00e1ujem vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch vrstiev\u00a0o financovanie umenia, \u010d\u00edm presiahol svoje finan\u010dn\u00e9 zameranie.<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">J. P. Morgan, ktor\u00e9ho v detstve naz\u00fdvali\u00a0Pierpont, sa narodil 17. apr\u00edla 1837 v Hartforde,\u00a0v Connecticute, kde str\u00e1vil aj zna\u010dn\u00fa\u00a0\u010das\u0165 svojho detstva. Absolvoval stredn\u00fa \u0161kolu\u00a0English High School of Boston, ktor\u00e1 sa zameriavala\u00a0na metematiku a pripravovala mlad\u00fdch\u00a0mu\u017eov na kari\u00e9ru v obchodn\u00edctve. O rok nesk\u00f4r\u00a0v\u0161ak musel \u0161kolu opusti\u0165 kv\u00f4li reumatickej\u00a0hor\u00fa\u010dke, ktor\u00e1 mu sp\u00f4sobovala tak\u00e9 ve\u013ek\u00e9\u00a0bolesti, \u017ee nemohol chodi\u0165. Po roku lie\u010denia sa\u00a0v\u0161ak vr\u00e1til a \u0161kolu dokon\u010dil. Ke\u010f\u017ee mal jeho\u00a0otec z\u00e1ujem na tom, aby bol J.P. vzdelan\u00fd a \u010do\u00a0najlep\u0161ie pripraven\u00fd na bud\u00facu kari\u00e9ru, poslal\u00a0ho \u0161tudova\u0165 \u010falej do \u0160vaj\u010diarska, kde sa nau\u010dil\u00a0plynule po franc\u00fazsky a n\u00e1sledne na univerzitu\u00a0v G\u00f6ttingene, kde sa zdokona\u013eoval v nem\u010dine.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0 \u00a0Ke\u010f\u017ee Morganov otec bol bank\u00e1r a spolumajite\u013e\u00a0obchodn\u00edckej bankovej firmy, bolo\u00a0prirodzen\u00e9, \u017ee mlad\u00fd Morgan za\u010dal svoju kari\u00e9ru\u00a0bank\u00e1ra pr\u00e1ve u otca. Nesk\u00f4r p\u00f4sobil vo\u00a0viacer\u00fdch firm\u00e1ch rovnak\u00e9ho zamerania a na\u00a0\u017eiados\u0165 jeho otca sa stal jeho mentorom a z\u00e1rove\u0148\u00a0obchodn\u00fdm partnerom Anthony J. Drexel,\u00a0s ktor\u00fdm si v roku 1871 zalo\u017eili s\u00fakromn\u00fa bankovn\u00edcku\u00a0firmu Drexel, Morgan &amp; Company.\u00a0Po Drexelovej smrti sa firma v roku 1895 premenovala\u00a0na J. P. Morgan &amp; Company, ktor\u00e1\u00a0sa nesk\u00f4r stala jednou z najmocnej\u0161\u00edch b\u00e1nk\u00a0vo svete a ved\u00facou finan\u010dnou firmou v krajine.\u00a0Americkej vl\u00e1de dokonca pomohla po\u010das kr\u00edzy\u00a0v roku 1895 a aj v roku 1907.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0 \u00a0Jedn\u00fdm z hlavn\u00fdch cie\u013eov, ktor\u00e9 si Morgan\u00a0stanovil, bolo zmodernizovanie mana\u017ementu\u00a0podnikov a ich n\u00e1vrat k profitabilite. Jeho proces\u00a0reorganiz\u00e1cie probl\u00e9mov\u00fdch podnikov je\u00a0\u010dasto naz\u00fdvan\u00fd aj \u201emorganiz\u00e1cia\u201c. Morganova\u00a0reput\u00e1cia l\u00e1kala mnoh\u00fdch investorov. V\u010faka\u00a0Morganovmu financovaniu mohol Adolph\u00a0Ochs odk\u00fapi\u0165 New York Times, z ktor\u00fdch sa\u00a0stali jedny z najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edch americk\u00fdch nov\u00edn.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0 \u00a0\u010eal\u0161\u00edm z Morganov\u00fdch cie\u013eov bolo odk\u00fapi\u0165\u00a0Carnegieho oceliarstvo, spoji\u0165 ho s podobn\u00fdmi\u00a0podnikmi a vytvori\u0165 United States\u00a0Steel Corporation. V roku 1901 zalo\u017eil U.S.\u00a0Steel, prv\u00fa miliardov\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165 na svete,\u00a0ktor\u00e1 bola svojou ve\u013ekos\u0165ou porovnate\u013en\u00e1\u00a0s najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edmi \u017eeleznicami. U.S. Steel sa sna\u017eila\u00a0o zn\u00ed\u017eenie n\u00e1kladov, roz\u0161\u00edrenie produktov\u00fdch\u00a0l\u00edni\u00ed a zlep\u0161enie distrib\u00facie. \u010casom za\u010dal podnik\u00a0dominova\u0165 nielen v oceliarstve, ale aj vo v\u00fdstavbe\u00a0mostov, lod\u00ed a \u017eelezn\u00edc, \u010d\u00edm sa stal monopolom.\u00a0Jeho poz\u00edcia bola tak\u00e1 stabiln\u00e1, \u017ee bolo\u00a0\u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 konkurova\u0165 mu a spolo\u010dnos\u0165 U.S. Steel\u00a0sa stala najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdrobcom ocele na svete.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0 \u00a0\u00daspechy neostali nepov\u0161imnut\u00e9 a v roku\u00a01911 podala vl\u00e1da \u017ealobu na Morgana kv\u00f4li\u00a0vytvoreniu monopolu. O rok nesk\u00f4r sa Morgan\u00a0a jeho obchodn\u00ed partneri stali predmetom kongresov\u00e9ho\u00a0vy\u0161etrovania a Morgan sved\u010dil pred\u00a0komisiou, ktor\u00e1 napokon uzniesla, \u017ee mal\u00fd po\u010det\u00a0finan\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00eddrov uplat\u0148oval zna\u010dn\u00fa kontrolu\u00a0nad mnoh\u00fdmi podnikmi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0 \u00a0Vo svojom osobnom \u017eivote sa Morgan\u00a0venoval plachteniu a z\u00fa\u010dastnil sa nieko\u013ek\u00fdch\u00a0americk\u00fdch jacht\u00e1rskych s\u00fa\u0165a\u017e\u00ed. Bol v\u00e1\u0161niv\u00fdm\u00a0zberate\u013eom umenia a vytvoril jednu z najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch\u00a0zbierok svojej doby. Jeho prv\u00e1\u00a0\u017eena Amelia Sturges zomrela p\u00e1r mesiacov po\u00a0svadbe, ale so svojou druhou \u017eenou Frances\u00a0Tracy vychovali \u0161tyri deti.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0 \u00a0J. P. Morgan zomrel po\u010das zahrani\u010dnej\u00a0cesty 30. apr\u00edla 1913 vo veku 76 rokov po\u010das\u00a0sp\u00e1nku v Grand Hoteli v R\u00edme. V ten de\u0148 viali\u00a0vlajky na Wall Street na pol \u017erde, po\u010das prevozu\u00a0jeho tela bol akciov\u00fd trh na dve hodiny\u00a0zatvoren\u00fd a firmu zdedil jeho mlad\u0161\u00ed syn J. P.\u00a0Morgan. Dnes je J. P. Morgan star\u0161\u00ed pova\u017eovan\u00fd\u00a0za jedn\u00e9ho z ved\u00facich americk\u00fdch obchodn\u00edkov\u00a0a m\u00e1 z\u00e1sluhu na formovan\u00ed n\u00e1roda do\u00a0dne\u0161nej podoby s pr\u00edvlastkom majster financi\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Maria Synakova<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 \u00a0John Pierpont Morgan bol americk\u00fdm finan\u010dn\u00edkom, bank\u00e1rom,\u00a0filantropom a zberate\u013eom umenia. Jeho najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed pr\u00ednos pre Ameriku\u00a0spo\u010d\u00edval v z\u00edskan\u00ed prostriedkov na vybudovanie \u017eelezni\u010dnej\u00a0siete v USA po\u010das<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5633"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5633\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}