{"id":5645,"date":"2014-12-07T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-12-06T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/od-mytov-k-realite-a-dalej\/"},"modified":"2014-12-07T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2014-12-06T23:00:00","slug":"od-mytov-k-realite-a-dalej","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/od-mytov-k-realite-a-dalej\/","title":{"rendered":"From myth to reality and beyond"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>Prv\u00e9 zmienky o umel\u00fdch mechanick\u00fdch bytostiach mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 u\u017e v\u00a0gr\u00e9ckej mytol\u00f3gii, za v\u0161etky spome\u0148me v\u00a0Hom\u00e9rovej Iliade spom\u00ednan\u00e9 zlat\u00e9 pomocn\u00ed\u010dky boha Hefaista \u010di automatick\u00e9 trojno\u017eky, ktor\u00e9 vozili bohov na Olymp. Umelou bytos\u0165ou bol aj obor Talos \u010di zvodn\u00e1 Pandora.<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Prv\u00e9 automatick\u00e9 mechanizmy na b\u00e1ze hydrauliky a\u00a0pneumatiky boli vytvoren\u00e9 Fil\u00f3nom z\u00a0Byzancie a\u00a0nesk\u00f4r Her\u00f3nom z\u00a0Alexandrie. Podobn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti predv\u00e1dzal nesk\u00f4r aj arabsk\u00fd polyhistor Al-Jazari a niektor\u00e9 automatick\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9 zariadenia navrhol aj renesan\u010dn\u00fd g\u00e9nius Leonardo da Vinci.<\/p>\n Mechanick\u00e1 ka\u010dica z dielne Jacques de Vaucansona (foto: Wikimedia Commons)\n<p>Po\u010dn\u00fac 16. storo\u010d\u00edm sa stala v\u00fdroba mechanick\u00fdch automatov dom\u00e9nou hodin\u00e1rskych majstrov. Spome\u0148me napr\u00edklad Juanela Turriana a\u00a0jeho mechanick\u00e9ho mn\u00edcha, Jacques de Vaucansona, ktor\u00fd vystavoval zn\u00e1mu mechanick\u00fa ka\u010dicu, flautistu a buben\u00edka \u010di sl\u00e1vneho automatick\u00e9ho pis\u00e1ra, kresliara a\u00a0hudobn\u00ed\u010dku z\u00a0dielne Pierre Jaquet-Droza a\u00a0jeho syna. Pou\u017eit\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia mechanick\u00e9ho z\u00e1znamu in\u0161trukci\u00ed pre riadenie pohybu kon\u010dat\u00edn t\u00fdchto automatov u\u017e potom nemala \u010faleko k\u00a0prv\u00e9mu automatick\u00e9mu tk\u00e1\u010dskemu stavu Basile Bouchona a s\u00fastruhu Christophera Spencera. Z\u00e1sadn\u00fa zmenu v\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00e1ch priniesol rozvoj polovodi\u010dovej \u010d\u00edslicovej riadiacej elektroniky.<br \/>\nPrv\u00fd priemyseln\u00fd robot vhodn\u00fd na manipul\u00e1ciu s\u00a0dielcami vytvoren\u00fd americkou firmou Unimation bol nasaden\u00fd na v\u00fdrobnej linke v\u00a0roku 1961. Zakr\u00e1tko nasledovali prv\u00e9 kozmick\u00e9 automaty na prieskum Mesiaca a\u00a0susedn\u00fdch plan\u00e9t. Za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa sa rozv\u00edja\u0165 aj vojensk\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie, napr. bezpilotn\u00e9 lietadl\u00e1 a miniponorky. Prv\u00e9 lek\u00e1rske aplik\u00e1cie pri\u0161li vzh\u013eadom na ch\u00falostivos\u0165 t\u00e9my na radu a\u017e v\u00a0druhej polovici 80. rokov.<\/p>\n Predv\u00e1dzanie prv\u00e9ho priemyseln\u00e9ho robota od firmy Unimation (foto: Unimation)\n<p>Nesk\u00f4r sa roz\u0161iruj\u00fa oblasti aplik\u00e1cie robotov najm\u00e4 o\u00a0problematiku zne\u0161kod\u0148ovania v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00edn, prieskumn\u00fdch a z\u00e1chran\u00e1rskych pr\u00e1c. Objavuj\u00fa sa robotick\u00e9 hra\u010dky (AIBO), robotick\u00e9 stavebnice pre stavbu robotov pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v\u00a0r\u00e1mci r\u00f4znych s\u00fa\u0165a\u017e\u00ed (LEGO Mindstorm) a\u00a0prv\u00e9 dom\u00e1ce roboty, ako napr. robotick\u00e9 vys\u00e1va\u010de, kosa\u010dky \u010di roboty na um\u00fdvanie podl\u00e1h (napr. od firmy iRobot).<br \/>\nV\u00a0bud\u00facnosti mo\u017eno o\u010dak\u00e1va\u0165 spolu s\u00a0\u010fal\u0161\u00edm zdokona\u013eovan\u00edm robotov ich nasadenie v\u00a0ka\u017edodennom \u017eivote \u2013 v\u0161ade tam, kde je to pre \u010dloveka, ako ich tvorcu, v\u00fdhodn\u00e9.<\/p>\n Robot NASA Opportunity\/Spirit na prieskum marsu (foto: NASA)\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Prof. Ing. Peter Hubinsk\u00fd, PhD.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Prv\u00e9 zmienky o umel\u00fdch mechanick\u00fdch bytostiach mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 u\u017e v\u00a0gr\u00e9ckej mytol\u00f3gii, za v\u0161etky spome\u0148me v\u00a0Hom\u00e9rovej Iliade spom\u00ednan\u00e9 zlat\u00e9 pomocn\u00ed\u010dky boha Hefaista \u010di automatick\u00e9 trojno\u017eky, ktor\u00e9<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5645","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5645","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5645"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5645\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5645"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5645"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5645"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}