<\/p>\n
Kritick\u00e9 myslenie m\u00f4\u017eeme definova\u0165 nasledovn\u00fdmi piatimi bodmi:<\/strong><\/p>\n 1\/<\/strong> Kritick\u00e9 myslenie je nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 myslenie. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlovek by mal by\u0165 schopn\u00fd slobodne myslie\u0165, vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 si vlastn\u00e9 n\u00e1zory \u010di postoje.<\/p>\n 2\/<\/strong> Z\u00edskanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed je v\u00fdchodiskom a nie cie\u013eom kritick\u00e9ho myslenia. Aby sme boli schopn\u00ed koncipova\u0165 zlo\u017eit\u00e9 \u00favahy alebo vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 si vlastn\u00e9 n\u00e1zory, potrebujeme dostato\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo faktov, n\u00e1padov a hypot\u00e9z.<\/p>\n 3\/<\/strong> Kritick\u00e9 myslenie za\u010d\u00edna ot\u00e1zkami. Zvedavos\u0165 je toti\u017e z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 vlastnos\u0165 \u017eivota.<\/p>\n 4\/<\/strong> Kritick\u00e9 myslenie pacht\u00ed po rozumn\u00fdch argumentoch. Kriticky mysliaci \u013eudia si vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa vlastn\u00e9 rie\u0161enia a maj\u00fa pre ne dobr\u00e9 argumenty a presved\u010div\u00e9 d\u00f4vody. Vedia, \u017ee existuje viac ne\u017e jedno rie\u0161enie, a preto sa usiluj\u00fa, aby preuk\u00e1zali, akou logikou a praktickos\u0165ou vynik\u00e1 ich rie\u0161enie.<\/p>\n 5\/<\/strong> Kritick\u00e9 myslenie je myslen\u00edm v spolo\u010dnosti. Na\u0161e my\u0161lienky s\u00fa overovan\u00e9 a sk\u00faman\u00e9 t\u00fdm, \u017ee sa o ne del\u00edme s ostatn\u00fdmi. Ke\u010f diskutujeme alebo \u010d\u00edtame, odovzd\u00e1vame a prij\u00edmame my\u0161lienky. Zap\u00e1jame sa do procesu, ktor\u00fd prehlbuje a pretv\u00e1ra na\u0161e vlastn\u00e9 postoje a n\u00e1zory.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Z\u00e1klady kritick\u00e9ho myslenia sa datuj\u00fa u\u017e do starovek\u00e9ho Gr\u00e9cka, do \u010dias kedy p\u00f4sobil Sokrates. Pri kritickom myslen\u00ed sa v podstate riadime star\u00fdm, m\u00fadrym pr\u00edslov\u00edm \u201ed\u00f4veruj ale preveruj.\u201c Kritick\u00e9 myslenie pritom nepova\u017eujeme za prejav ned\u00f4very vo\u010di n\u00e1zoru alebo postoju jednotlivca, sk\u00f4r n\u00e1m ide o to, aby sme d\u00f4kladnej\u0161ie a hlb\u0161ie pochopili s\u00favislosti a pri\u0161li tak na nov\u00e9 te\u00f3rie, inform\u00e1cie, na ktor\u00e9 by sme pri pas\u00edvnom a povrchnom prij\u00edman\u00ed inform\u00e1ci\u00ed nedo\u0161li. Sokrates tvrdil, \u017ee odhali\u0165 pravdu sa d\u00e1 najlep\u0161ie met\u00f3dou rozhovoru alebo inak nazvan\u00e9 – debatou. Toto Sokratovsk\u00e9 myslenie sa vyzna\u010dovalo met\u00f3dou ot\u00e1zok (tzv. Sokratovsk\u00fd rozhovor), s cie\u013eom rozobra\u0165 a pouk\u00e1za\u0165 na protichodn\u00e9 stanovisk\u00e1 v tvrden\u00ed jednotlivca, a t\u00fdm sa pribli\u017eova\u0165 k pravde. Pomocou ot\u00e1zok je mo\u017en\u00e9 odha\u013eova\u0165 a uvedomova\u0165 si svoje chyby a z\u00e1rove\u0148 potom dopom\u00f4c\u0165 k odpovedi a k spr\u00e1vnemu rie\u0161eniu. Sokratov z\u00e1ver je, \u017ee pravdu treba neust\u00e1le objavova\u0165, h\u013eada\u0165 a zdokona\u013eova\u0165.<\/p>\n V 21. storo\u010d\u00ed sa kritick\u00e9 myslenie st\u00e1va jednou z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch a najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch kompetenci\u00ed \u010dloveka. V \u010dase, kedy sme vystaven\u00ed vplyvu m\u00e9di\u00ed, marketingu, rekl\u00e1m a internetu je t\u00e1to kompetencia ove\u013ea d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ia ne\u017e kedyko\u013evek predt\u00fdm. Hovor\u00ed sa o informa\u010dnej expl\u00f3zii, ako sa ozna\u010duje stav zahltenia spolo\u010dnosti enormn\u00fdm mno\u017estvom inform\u00e1ci\u00ed vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch oblastiach, teda o informa\u010dnom pre\u0165a\u017een\u00ed na glob\u00e1lnej \u00farovni ako aj na \u00farovni jednotlivca. Kriticky mysliaci \u010dlovek je otvoren\u00fd nov\u00fdm n\u00e1zorom a inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m a netrv\u00e1 tvrdohlavo na svojich n\u00e1zoroch. Nov\u00e9 fakty berie ako mo\u017enos\u0165 intelektu\u00e1lne r\u00e1s\u0165 a rozv\u00edja\u0165 sa \u010falej. M\u00e1 schopnos\u0165 reflexie a sebareflexie a spr\u00e1va sa obozretne.<\/p>\n V praxi je kritick\u00e9 myslenie n\u00e1strojom, ktor\u00fd chr\u00e1ni pred ned\u00f4veryhodn\u00fdmi inform\u00e1ciami a takisto pred manipul\u00e1ciou. Pre s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u010dloveka predstavuje hrozbu manipul\u00e1cie hlavne reklama, ale netreba zab\u00fada\u0165 ani na manipul\u00e1ciu n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fa, kult\u00farnu \u010di politick\u00fa. Pre manipul\u00e1torov je dnes zlat\u00fd vek. Hlavne webov\u00e9 prostredie je ich \u017eivnou p\u00f4dou.<\/p>\n Ako povedal Einstein, \u201ed\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je nepresta\u0165 kl\u00e1s\u0165 ot\u00e1zky.\u201c M\u00e1 na mysli aj vn\u00fatorn\u00fd dial\u00f3g \u010dloveka so sebou sam\u00fdm, kedy sa p\u00fdta s\u00e1m seba, \u010di to, \u010do posudzuje, je pravdiv\u00e9 alebo nepravdiv\u00e9, dobr\u00e9 \u010di zl\u00e9, spr\u00e1vne alebo nespr\u00e1vne, a \u010do z toho vypl\u00fdva.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Slovo \u201ekritick\u00fd\u201c poch\u00e1dza z gr\u00e9ckeho slova \u201ekrinein\u201c a znamen\u00e1 rozli\u0161ova\u0165 alebo posudzova\u0165. Neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00e1me v\u0161etko vidie\u0165 iba v negat\u00edvnom svetle, kritizova\u0165 alebo neust\u00e1le vn\u00edma\u0165<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5697","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5697","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5697"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5697\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5697"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5697"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5697"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}