{"id":5727,"date":"2016-03-21T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-03-20T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/uzasne-technologie-bionicke-oko-sa-stava-realitou\/"},"modified":"2016-03-21T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2016-03-20T23:00:00","slug":"uzasne-technologie-bionicke-oko-sa-stava-realitou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/uzasne-technologie-bionicke-oko-sa-stava-realitou\/","title":{"rendered":"Amazing Technologies: The Bionic Eye Becomes a Reality"},"content":{"rendered":"

Teleskopick\u00e9 \u0161o\u0161ovky\u00a0je ak\u00fdsi funk\u010dn\u00fd doplnok oka, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje \u010dloveku skuto\u010dne vidie\u0165 lep\u0161ie. Najnov\u0161ie experiment\u00e1lne zariadenia dokazuj\u00fa, \u017ee \u017eijeme v sci-fi u\u017e dnes. Bl\u00ed\u017ei sa vyn\u00e1lez plnohodnotn\u00e9ho bionick\u00e9ho oka?<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

T\u00ed star\u0161\u00ed z n\u00e1s si mo\u017eno pam\u00e4taj\u00fa telev\u00edzny seri\u00e1l Six Million Dollar Man, ktor\u00fd vznikal v 70. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch. Ist\u00fd p\u00e1n mal mo\u017enos\u0165 plni\u0165 \u0161peci\u00e1lne \u00falohy po tom, \u010do bola ve\u013ek\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 jeho tela elektrifikovan\u00e1 a nahraden\u00e1 bionick\u00fdmi prot\u00e9zami. Vyzeral celkom oby\u010dajne, ale technol\u00f3gia z neho spravila takmer super\u010dloveka.<\/p>\n

To, \u010do bolo kedysi iba odv\u00e1\u017enymi v\u00edziami v sci-fi filmoch, to je dnes pomaly realitou. Po funk\u010dn\u00fdch prot\u00e9zach kon\u010dat\u00edn vyroben\u00fdch na 3D tla\u010diarni sa medic\u00edna te\u0161\u00ed na nov\u00fd objav, bionick\u00e9 oko<\/strong>. Teda, bionick\u00e9 oko to e\u0161te nie je, ale pomaly sa k nemu vedci bl\u00ed\u017eia. Teleskopick\u00e1 \u0161o\u0161ovka bola pritom prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t ofici\u00e1lne odprezentovan\u00e1 e\u0161te minul\u00fd rok na kongrese American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) v Kalifornii.<\/p>\n

Kontaktn\u00e9 \u0161o\u0161ovky, ktor\u00e9 vyzeraj\u00fa takmer oby\u010dajne, maj\u00fa v sebe zabudovan\u00fa modern\u00fa techniku a maj\u00fa funkcie, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa e\u0161te st\u00e1le pre be\u017en\u00e9ho laika celkom neuverite\u013en\u00e9. Maj\u00fa hr\u00fabku iba 1,55 milimetra, s\u00fa vylep\u0161en\u00edm prv\u00e9ho prototypu z roku 2013 a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa jednu skvel\u00fa funkciu – pribli\u017eovanie \u017emurknut\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Skuto\u010dne, pribl\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 obraz ako \u010falekoh\u013eadom je mo\u017en\u00e9 jednoducho \u017emurknut\u00edm. Samozrejme, nejde o celkom oby\u010dajn\u00e9 \u017emurknutie, ktor\u00e9 rob\u00edme tis\u00edckr\u00e1t denne a celkom prirodzene, ale o \u017emurknutie ur\u010dit\u00fdm \u0161pecifick\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom. Rovnak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom je potom mo\u017en\u00e9 obraz aj oddiali\u0165.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n Teleskopick\u00e9 \u0161o\u0161ovky (foto: Eric Tremblay & Joe Ford \/ EPFL)\n

<\/h2>\n

Princ\u00edp nie je tak zlo\u017eit\u00fd, n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 je najm\u00e4 v\u00fdroba<\/h2>\n

Ako to cel\u00e9 funguje? Aj napriek tomu, \u017ee tento vyn\u00e1lez p\u00f4sob\u00ed ako produkt vedecko-fantastick\u00e9ho komiksu, v skuto\u010dnosti vedeck\u00ed pracovn\u00edci vyu\u017eili relat\u00edvne jednoduch\u00fd princ\u00edp funk\u010dnosti. V \u0161o\u0161ovke sa po \u017emurknut\u00ed aktivuj\u00fa procesy, ktor\u00e9 zmenia tvar miniat\u00farnej optiky a tak zmenia aj sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm dopad\u00e1 svetlo na sietnicu oka. V praxi to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sa zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161uje a zmen\u0161uje zorn\u00fd rozsah, pri\u010dom plocha dopadu svetla ost\u00e1va rovnak\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Vo v\u00fdsledku sa teda pozorovate\u013eovi zd\u00e1, \u017ee sa pozer\u00e1 na okolie cez \u010falekoh\u013ead, vid\u00ed toti\u017e iba men\u0161iu \u010das\u0165 z celkov\u00e9ho v\u00fdh\u013eadu.<\/p>\n

Transform\u00e1cia \u0161o\u0161oviek je mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u010faka mal\u00fdm\u00a0(iba 0,5 milimetra hrub\u00fdm) trubiciam, cez ktor\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 pr\u00fadenie kysl\u00edka. V z\u00e1vislosti od toho, ako intenz\u00edvne kysl\u00edk prech\u00e1dza trubicami, sa zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161uje alebo zmen\u0161uje objem \u0161o\u0161ovky. Detaily funk\u010dnosti nie s\u00fa verejnosti zn\u00e1me, ale pod\u013ea dostupn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed usudzujeme, \u017ee samotn\u00fd princ\u00edp a\u017e tak\u00fd komplikovan\u00fd nie je.<\/p>\n

To, \u010do br\u00e1ni komer\u010dn\u00e9mu predaju nov\u00e9ho vyn\u00e1lezu, je dnes najm\u00e4 finan\u010dn\u00e1 n\u00e1ro\u010dnos\u0165 v\u00fdroby.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Najprv arm\u00e1da, potom verejnos\u0165<\/h2>\n

Technol\u00f3gia teleskopick\u00fdch \u0161o\u0161oviek st\u00e1le nie je nato\u013eko spo\u013eahliv\u00e1 a bezpe\u010dn\u00e1, aby ju autority pustili do s\u00e9riovej v\u00fdroby. Je v\u0161ak prakticky nepopierate\u013en\u00e9, \u017ee sa u\u017e teraz technol\u00f3gia pripravuje na pou\u017eitie v \u0161ir\u0161om meradle a pravdepodobne n\u00e1jde prv\u00e9 uplatnenie v arm\u00e1de (projekt bol p\u00f4vodne financovan\u00fd \u00a0v\u00fdskumnou agent\u00farou americkej vl\u00e1dy DARPA).<\/p>\n

Pom\u00f4c\u0165 by tie\u017e mohla \u013eu\u010fom, ktor\u00ed trpia vekom podmienenou makul\u00e1rnou degener\u00e1ciou (AMD). AMD je jednou z hlavn\u00fdch pr\u00ed\u010din slepoty u star\u0161\u00edch dospel\u00fdch. O \u017eiadnych \u010dasov\u00fdch horizontoch dnes podrobnosti nevieme, nepredpoklad\u00e1me v\u0161ak, \u017ee by sa t\u00e1to technol\u00f3gia stala verejne dostupnou do roku 2020.
\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Teleskopick\u00e9 \u0161o\u0161ovky\u00a0je ak\u00fdsi funk\u010dn\u00fd doplnok oka, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje \u010dloveku skuto\u010dne vidie\u0165 lep\u0161ie. Najnov\u0161ie experiment\u00e1lne zariadenia dokazuj\u00fa, \u017ee \u017eijeme v sci-fi u\u017e dnes. Bl\u00ed\u017ei sa vyn\u00e1lez<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5727","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5727","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5727"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5727\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5727"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5727"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5727"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}