<\/p>\n
Na povel z pozemsk\u00e9ho riadiaceho centra menia svoju r\u00fdchlos\u0165, a t\u00fdm aj svoju obe\u017en\u00fa dr\u00e1hu. Automaticky nat\u00e1\u010daj\u00fa svoje slne\u010dn\u00e9 panely k Slnku a ant\u00e9nne syst\u00e9my udr\u017euj\u00fa nasmerovan\u00e9 k Zemi. Sleduj\u00fa svojimi \u010falekoh\u013eadmi a in\u00fdmi pr\u00edstrojmi zvolen\u00e9 kozmick\u00e9 objekty. Typicky sa ale za robotov pova\u017euj\u00fa len r\u00f4zne druhy prist\u00e1vac\u00edch modulov, ktor\u00e9 vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa prieskum povrchu in\u00fdch plan\u00e9t a ich mesiacov resp. kom\u00e9t a asteroidov.<\/p>\n
V z\u00e1vislosti od toho, \u010di m\u00e1 sk\u00faman\u00e9 teleso vlastn\u00fa atmosf\u00e9ru, moria, siln\u00fa alebo slab\u00fa gravit\u00e1ciu, sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa r\u00f4zne typy prist\u00e1vacieho man\u00e9vru a samotn\u00e9ho pohybu po povrchu telesa.\u00a0Historicky prv\u00fdm tak\u00fdmto robotom, ktor\u00fd vykon\u00e1val prieskum mesa\u010dn\u00e9ho povrchu, bol sovietsky Lunochod 1, vypusten\u00fd v roku 1970 v r\u00e1mci misie Luna 17. Teleovl\u00e1danie na povrchu Mesiaca je relat\u00edvne bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00e9 vzh\u013eadom na prijate\u013en\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 oneskorenie riadiaceho sign\u00e1lu – pri jeho ceste tam a nazad pribli\u017ene 2,5 sekundy.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n Mesa\u010dn\u00e9 vozidlo Lunochod 1\n
<\/p>\n
Prv\u00fd \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd prieskum povrchu Marsu zabezpe\u010dila americk\u00e1 misia Sojourner v roku 1997. Nasledovali ve\u013emi zn\u00e1me americk\u00e9 marsochody Spirit, Opportunity (2004) a nesk\u00f4r Curiosity (2012). Pri ich riaden\u00ed je potrebn\u00e9 rie\u0161i\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9 oneskorenie pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu (6-45 min\u00fat), stratu spojenia vplyvom rot\u00e1cie Marsu, striedanie ro\u010dn\u00fdch obdob\u00ed na Marse, existenciu pieso\u010dn\u00fdch b\u00farok a podobne. Pr\u00e1ve tieto komplik\u00e1cie ur\u00fdchlili v\u00fdvoj technol\u00f3gi\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00facich \u010diasto\u010dne auton\u00f3mne riadenie marsochodov, kedy sa zo Zeme u\u017e zad\u00e1vaj\u00fa len strategick\u00e9 povely a operat\u00edvne riadenie si robot rie\u0161i vo vlastnej r\u00e9\u017eii.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Robotick\u00e9 prist\u00e1vacie moduly prist\u00e1li aj na povrchu Venu\u0161e (sovietske v\u00fdpravy Venera), na Saturnovom mesiaci Titan (modul Huygens vypusten\u00fd zo sondy Cassini) resp. aj na viacer\u00fdch asteroidoch a kom\u00e9tach (modul Philae vypusten\u00fd zo sondy Rosetta). Perspekt\u00edvne sa pl\u00e1nuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne exotick\u00e9 misie \u2013 vzducholode pre prieskum Venu\u0161e a Titanu, leteck\u00fd prieskum Marsu, prieskum vodn\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu na Jupiterovom mesiaci Eur\u00f3pa, ukryt\u00e9ho pod \u013eadovou vrstvou a \u010fal\u0161ie. Roboty m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00e9 aj pri \u0165a\u017ebe miner\u00e1lov na asteroidoch alebo v r\u00e1mci misi\u00ed maj\u00facich za cie\u013e zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 zr\u00e1\u017eke niektor\u00e9ho z nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch asteroidov so Zemou.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n Rover Curiosity na Marse (NASA)","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Aplik\u00e1cia robotick\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed pri v\u00fdskume vesm\u00edru m\u00e1 za sebou dlh\u00fa a \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fa hist\u00f3riu. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina dru\u017e\u00edc obiehaj\u00facich Zem a in\u00e9 kozmick\u00e9 teles\u00e1 sp\u013a\u0148a viacero krit\u00e9ri\u00ed, na<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5759","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5759"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5759\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5759"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5759"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5759"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}