{"id":5788,"date":"2020-10-22T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-21T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/henry-emanuel-a-mayer-lehman-zakladatelia-lehman-brothers\/"},"modified":"2020-10-22T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2020-10-21T23:00:00","slug":"henry-emanuel-a-mayer-lehman-zakladatelia-lehman-brothers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/henry-emanuel-a-mayer-lehman-zakladatelia-lehman-brothers\/","title":{"rendered":"It&#039;s been 12 years since Lehman Brothers went bankrupt. Who founded it and why did it have to close?"},"content":{"rendered":"Miestnos\u0165 &#8222;partnerov&#8220; v Lehman Brothers | Zdroj: Courtesy of the Center for Creative Photography, The University of Arizona. Photo by Dan Weiner; Copyright John Broderick\n<h2><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Banka Lehman Brothers fungovala pod spr\u00e1vou rodiny Lehmanovcov v rokoch 1850 a\u017e 1969. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spr\u00e1vy o zalo\u017een\u00ed rodinnej firmy informuj\u00fa o roku 1850, av\u0161ak iba \u0161es\u0165 rokov predt\u00fdm pri\u0161iel prv\u00fd z bratov Lehmanovcov do Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov z Bavorska.\u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bol to Henry Lehman a v roku 1844 mal iba 23 rokov. Usadil sa v meste Montgomery, \u0161t\u00e1t Alabama, kde si otvoril obchod s r\u00f4znym tovarom. V roku 1847 do krajiny pri\u0161iel aj jeho brat Emanuel a ich spolo\u010dn\u00fd obchod sa premenoval na H. Lehman and Bro a po pr\u00edchode ich najmlad\u0161ieho brata Mayera v roku 1850 sa ich spolo\u010dn\u00fd biznis ust\u00e1lil s pomenovan\u00edm Lehman Brothers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u0161etci traja bratia poch\u00e1dzali zo \u017eidovskej rodiny a po emigrovan\u00ed do Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch vyu\u017eili trh s bavlnou, ktor\u00fd bol v tom \u010dase st\u00e1le ve\u013emi lukrat\u00edvny. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Umo\u017e\u0148ovali toti\u017e, aby ich z\u00e1kazn\u00edci v obchode platili pr\u00e1ve pomocou surovej bavlny, \u010do sa uk\u00e1zalo ako spr\u00e1vny krok. Postupom \u010dasu obchod r\u00e1stol a bol \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rok 1858 bol pre firmu Lehman Brothers prelomov\u00fd, preto\u017ee sa pres\u0165ahovala na juh New Yorku a za\u010dala podnika\u0165 aj v \u010fal\u0161\u00edch oblastiach, nesk\u00f4r sa stala \u010dlenom Coffee Exchange a \u00a0za\u010dala obchodova\u0165 na New York Stock Exchange.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>Ve\u013ekolep\u00fd bankrot banky Lehman Brothers napokon v roku 2008 sledoval cel\u00fd svet a celkom nie je vy\u0161etren\u00fd ani dodnes.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bola jednou z b\u00e1nk, ktor\u00e9 \u0165a\u017eko zasiahlo zr\u00fatenie americk\u00e9ho trhu s nehnute\u013enos\u0165ami. 15. septembra 2008 ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee po\u017eiada o ochranu pred verite\u013emi, \u010d\u00edm vytvorila rekordn\u00fd bankrot v americkej hist\u00f3rii. Nasleduj\u00faci de\u0148 jej \u010das\u0165 k\u00fapila britsk\u00e1 banka Barclays. [zdroj]<\/p>\n<p>O z\u00e1chrane banky pred krachom konala newyorsk\u00e1 pobo\u010dka americkej centr\u00e1lnej banky Fed. Okrem Barclays, ktor\u00e1 nakoniec \u010das\u0165 banky k\u00fapila, sa \u0161pekulovalo aj o Bank of America, z\u00e1ujem prejavila tie\u017e k\u00f3rejsk\u00e1 \u0161t\u00e1tna banka Korea Development Bank. [zdroj]<\/p>\n<p>\u0160\u00e9f skrachovanej banky, Richard Fuld, si pod\u013ea BBC za osem rokov v najvy\u0161\u0161ej funkcii zarobil asi 300 a\u017e 500 mili\u00f3nov dol\u00e1rov . Bol n\u00faten\u00fd vysvet\u013eova\u0165 americk\u00fdm poslancom a komisii spr\u00e1vanie vedenia banky, ktor\u00e9 zar\u00e1balo astronomick\u00e9 sumy, \u010do \u00fadajne tie\u017e firmu priviedlo k bankrotu. Predseda sen\u00e1tnej komisie Henry Waxman uviedol, \u017ee si mal Fuld do roku 2000 zarobi\u0165 480 mili\u00f3nov dol\u00e1rov, ale s\u00e1m Fuld hovoril &#8222;iba&#8220; o 300 mili\u00f3noch. Fuld pod\u013ea vyjadrenia pre BBC nec\u00edtil za krach banky vinu, aj ke\u010f sa vraj c\u00edtil &#8222;hrozne&#8220; a \u00fadajne a\u017e do smrti neprestane prem\u00fd\u0161\u013ea\u0165, pre\u010do americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da pomoc Lehman Brothers odmietla. [zdroj]<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Investorsk\u00fd magaz\u00edn: Des\u00e1t\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed p\u00e1du Lehman Brothers\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/PUpE4uYpmRQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Herbert Henry Lehman (1822 \u201317.11.1855)<\/h2>\n<p>Syn Abrahama Lehmana sa narodil v meste Rimpar v nemeckom regi\u00f3ne Franconia. Jeho p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 meno bolo Hayum, to si v\u0161ak zmenil po pr\u00edchode do Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov v roku 1844. Usadil sa v meste Montgomery v \u0161t\u00e1te Alabama a otvoril si tam obchod s r\u00f4znym tovarom, pri\u010dom sa k nemu nesk\u00f4r pridali aj jeho dvaja bratia.<\/p>\n<p>Hoci bol zakladate\u013eom firmy, nep\u00f4sobil v nej dlho &#8211; iba p\u00e4\u0165 rokov. V roku 1855 toti\u017e zomrel na \u017elt\u00fa hor\u00fa\u010dku po\u010das cesty do New Orleans.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Emanuel Lehman (15.2.1827 \u2013 10.1.1907)<\/h2>\n<p>Rovnako, ako jeho brat Henry, aj Emanuel sa narodil s in\u00fdm menom. P\u00f4vodne Mendel pri\u0161iel do Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov v roku 1847 a v budovan\u00ed obchodu sa mu darilo dobre. Zdroje neuv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa ve\u013ea, zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa v\u0161ak jeho filantropick\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165. V roku 1897 venoval sumu 100-tis\u00edc americk\u00fdch dol\u00e1rov (dnes pribli\u017ene 2,8 mili\u00f3na USD) detsk\u00e9mu domovu Hebrew Orphan Asylum of New York, \u010do bolo v tej dobe mimoriadne z\u00e1slu\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V m\u00e1ji 1859 sa o\u017eenil s Pauline Sondheim, dc\u00e9rou Louis Sondheim z New Yorku. Man\u017eelstvo netrvalo dlho, u\u017e v roku 1871 Pauline zomrela a Emanuelovi zostali \u0161tyri deti: Milton, Philip, Harriet Philip a Eveline Philip. Philip Lehman sa nesk\u00f4r ujal riadenia rodinn\u00e9ho podniku.<\/p>\n<p>Emanuel Lehman zomrel vo veku 79 rokov v New Yorku.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Mayer Lehman (9.1.1830 \u2013 21.6.1897)<\/h2>\n<p>Mayer je jedin\u00fdm z troch bratov, ktor\u00fd si ponechal svoje rodn\u00e9 krstn\u00e9 meno. Do Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov pri\u0161iel vo veku iba 17 rokov a najm\u00e4 preto je pova\u017eovan\u00fd za americk\u00e9ho podnikate\u013ea, hoci s nemeck\u00fdm p\u00f4vodom. Mayer videl ve\u013ek\u00fa pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 na obchodn\u00fd rozmach otvoren\u00fd trh s bavlnou, t\u00e1 sa nesk\u00f4r stala grom ich biznisu.<\/p>\n<p>Zdroje uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa, \u017ee mal \u010diasto\u010dne aj filantropick\u00e9 aktivity, bol darcom v \u00a0Mount Sinai Hospital, ale podrobnej\u0161ie inform\u00e1cie k tejto \u010dasti Mayerovho \u017eivota nie s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii. Je pravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee v skuto\u010dnosti \u017eiadne humanit\u00e1rne \u010di filantropick\u00e9 aktivity nerobil, preto\u017ee o ne jednoducho nemal z\u00e1ujem. Mysl\u00edme si to najm\u00e4 preto, \u017ee v Americkej ob\u010dianskej vojne podporoval Juh a \u201cvlastnil\u201d sedem otrokov, \u00a0troch mu\u017eov a \u0161tyri \u017eeny vo veku od 5 do 50 rokov. Bol \u010dlenom r\u00e1du Emanu-El reformovanej \u017eidovskej kongreg\u00e1cie v New Yorku a elitn\u00e9ho klubu Harmonie Club.<\/p>\n<p>Mayer Lehman patr\u00ed k jedn\u00fdm z inici\u00e1torov \u00a0New York Cotton Exchange, najstar\u0161ej komoditnej burzy v New Yorku, p\u00f4sobil aj ako jej riadite\u013e. Ved\u00face poz\u00edcie zast\u00e1val aj v spolo\u010dnostiach The Hamilton Bank, The American Cotton Oil Company, The Union Oil Company of Providence, Rhode Island a The N.K. Fairbank Company of Chicago.<\/p>\n<p>Mayer mal osem det\u00ed so svojou man\u017eelkou Babetta Newgass, pri\u010dom jedno die\u0165a sa nedo\u017eilo vlastnej dospelosti. Zomrel v roku 1897.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u0161etci pozn\u00e1me sl\u00e1vnu banku Lehman Brothers a jej spektakul\u00e1rny bankrot v septembri 2008. P\u00e1d tejto banky ovplyvnil cel\u00fd svet, n\u00e1s v\u0161ak teraz viac ako jej hist\u00f3ria zaujali jej zakladatelia bratia Lehmanovci.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5788","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5788","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5788"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5788\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5788"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5788"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5788"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}