{"id":5805,"date":"2016-09-14T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-09-13T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/co-brani-masivnemu-pouzitiu-elektromobilov\/"},"modified":"2016-09-14T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2016-09-13T23:00:00","slug":"co-brani-masivnemu-pouzitiu-elektromobilov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/co-brani-masivnemu-pouzitiu-elektromobilov\/","title":{"rendered":"What prevents the massive use of electric cars?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>V roku 2015 prekro\u010dila celosvetov\u00e1 produkcia automobilov 74 mili\u00f3nov. Celkovo v tom istom roku jazdilo na cest\u00e1ch na celom svete viac ako 1,236 mili\u00e1rd automobilov a odhad na rok 2050 je a\u017e 2,5 mili\u00e1rd. Rekord v podobe jednej miliardy jazdiacich automobilov padol v roku 2010.<\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<p>S\u00fa to vysok\u00e9 \u010d\u00edsla, skoro nepredstavite\u013en\u00e9. Pozrime sa v\u0161ak na za\u010diatok v\u00fdroby automobilov. Prv\u00fd automobil so spa\u013eovac\u00edm motorom uzrel svetlo sveta v roku 1885 a bol vyn\u00e1jden\u00fd kon\u0161trukt\u00e9rom Karlom Benzom. V roku 1900 celosvetovo jazdilo po cest\u00e1ch 25-tis\u00edc automobilov a z toho v USA osemtis\u00edc. V tomto istom roku bolo najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm producentom automobilov \u00a0Franc\u00fazsko a o \u0161tyri roky nesk\u00f4r prevzalo prvenstvo USA.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Jeden z najz\u00e1sadnej\u0161\u00edch pokrokov vo v\u00fdrobe uskuto\u010dnil Henry Ford &#8211; za\u010dal ako prv\u00fd vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 aut\u00e1 nov\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, p\u00e1sovou v\u00fdrobou, zaviedol masov\u00fa produkciu. Zv\u00fd\u0161enie po\u010dtu vyroben\u00fdch \u00e1ut a zn\u00ed\u017eenie ceny automobilu sp\u00f4sobili jeho masov\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie. Iba v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch jazdilo v tomto \u010dase nieko\u013eko desiatok tis\u00edc automobilov a \u010d\u00edsla r\u00e1stli extr\u00e9mne r\u00fdchlo:<\/p>\n<p>r.1905 &#8211; 78 000 automobilov<\/p>\n<p>r.1910 &#8211; 459 000 \u00a0automobilov<\/p>\n<p>r.1914 &#8211; 1,7 mili\u00f3nov \u00a0automobilov<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>V obdob\u00ed rokov 1896 a\u017e 1930 p\u00f4sobilo v USA 1 800 v\u00fdrobcov automobilov, pri\u010dom na celom svete ich bolo dovedna a\u017e 4-tis\u00edc. Prv\u00e9 automobily si kupovali ve\u013emi bohat\u00ed \u013eudia a boli prejavom majetnosti, ostatn\u00ed v tom \u010dase jazdili na ko\u0148och a vozoch.<\/p>\n<p>Ak predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face poznatky analyzujeme, zist\u00edme, \u017ee za mas\u00edvnym vyu\u017eit\u00edm automobilov st\u00e1lo viacero faktorov. Od ich uvedenia a\u017e po mas\u00edvne vyu\u017eitie pre\u0161lo 25 rokov. V tom \u010dase v\u00fdvoj technol\u00f3gi\u00ed, vyu\u017eitie automobilu a hlavne jeho cena pre\u0161li ve\u013ek\u00fd kus cesty. Pr\u00e1ve Henry Ford dok\u00e1zal, \u017ee automobil je prepravn\u00fd prostriedok pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch. Bol inov\u00e1torom a motorom bud\u00faceho v\u00fdvoja.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u010co z toho vypl\u00fdva? V prvom rade, \u017ee elektromobily s\u00fa v tej istej situ\u00e1cii, ako boli automobily na za\u010diatku 20. storo\u010dia. \u010ealej, cena automobilu a jeho vyu\u017eitie s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 na masov\u00e9 pou\u017eitie.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n Nissan Leaf\n<p>Hlavn\u00e9 aspekty, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017enia masov\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie elektromobilov, s\u00fa:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>nadob\u00fadacie n\u00e1klady rovnak\u00e9 alebo ni\u017e\u0161ie ako s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 automobily;<\/li>\n<li>dojazd, ktor\u00fd umo\u017en\u00ed vo\u013ene sa rozhodn\u00fa\u0165 kedy a na ako dlho elektromobil m\u00f4\u017eeme vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165;<\/li>\n<li>dostupnos\u0165 nab\u00edjac\u00edch stan\u00edc, ktor\u00e1 pokryje na\u0161e eventu\u00e1lne potreby na nabitie kdeko\u013evek a kedyko\u013evek;<\/li>\n<li>rap\u00eddne sa zvy\u0161uj\u00face emisie sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov a regul\u00e1cie z toho vypl\u00fdvaj\u00face (obmedzovanie pou\u017eitia automobilov so spa\u013eovac\u00edmi motormi).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Od okamihu predstavenia prv\u00e9ho masovo vyr\u00e1ban\u00e9ho elektromobilu ubehlo desa\u0165 rokov a odvtedy pre\u0161iel priemysel v\u00fdrazn\u00fdmi inov\u00e1ciami. Tesla Roadster sa vyrobil v celkovom po\u010dte 2400 kusov, predstaven\u00fd bol v roku 2006. Nissan Leaf sa vyrobil v po\u010dte okolo 228 000 kusov, modely od GM Chevrolet Volt a Ampera (cca 117 000ks ) boli predstaven\u00e9 v roku 2010. Ubehol teda dostato\u010dn\u00fd \u010das na to, aby si automobilky otestovali v\u00fdrobu elektromobilov a bat\u00e9ri\u00ed a mohli sa pripravi\u0165 na ich mas\u00edvny predaj. Do \u0161tatistiky nezapo\u010d\u00edtavame predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face malos\u00e9riovo vyr\u00e1ban\u00e9 elektromobily ako GM EV1, pr\u00edpadne \u010diasto\u010dn\u00e9 hybridy ako Toyota Prius at\u010f.<\/p>\n<p>Cenu elektromobilu toti\u017e vo ve\u013ekej miere ovplyv\u0148uje pr\u00e1ve cena jeho bat\u00e9ri\u00ed. Ich hodnota a cena klesla v priebehu rokov 2008 a\u017e 2014 o 35 percent.<\/p>\n Tesla Roadster (2006)\n<p>Pod\u013ea na\u0161ich odhadov d\u00f4jde k glob\u00e1lnemu n\u00e1rastu produkcie elektromobilov v priebehu rokov 2020 a\u017e 2021. V uvedenom obdob\u00ed pod\u013ea anal\u00fdzy IEA (Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 energetick\u00e1 agent\u00fara) d\u00f4jde k energetickej parite, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sa dostaneme z aktu\u00e1lnej hodnoty 750$\/kWh k cene 300 $ za 1kWh kapacity (aktu\u00e1lna priemern\u00e1 kapacita elektromobilu kateg\u00f3rie C je 24kw).V s\u00favislosti s t\u00fdmito inform\u00e1ciami o\u010dak\u00e1vame pokles cien elektromobilov (nako\u013eko cena bat\u00e9rii klesne), ktor\u00e9 sa dnes pred\u00e1vaj\u00fa v cene 35 000 $, na cenu 20-25 000$.<\/p>\n<p>Celkov\u00fd podiel elektromobilov na glob\u00e1lnom predaji v roku 2015 bol 540 000, napriek tomu je to len \u00a00,7 % z celkovej glob\u00e1lnej produkcie automobilov. Aktu\u00e1lne prvenstvo vo v\u00fdrobe elektromobilov dr\u017eia za rok 2015 automobilky Nissan-Renault (250 000 kusov za rok 2015) a Tesla Motors (50 580 kusov za 2015). Po\u010dty ostatn\u00fdch automobiliek s\u00fa zanedbate\u013en\u00e9, preto\u017ee si rozde\u013euj\u00fa menej ne\u017e polovicu zvy\u0161n\u00e9ho pomyslen\u00e9ho kol\u00e1\u010da.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u010co teda br\u00e1ni mas\u00edvnemu pou\u017eitiu elektromobilov?<\/strong> Mohli by sme tvrdi\u0165, \u017ee mu br\u00e1ni celkom oby\u010dajn\u00fd a prirodzen\u00fd v\u00fdvoj. V\u017edy je nevyhnutn\u00fd \u010das na to, aby sa technol\u00f3gie zaviedli do be\u017en\u00e9ho \u017eivota a stali jeho neoddelite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou. Existuj\u00fa v\u0161ak mnoh\u00e9 motiv\u00e1tory, ktor\u00e9 by mohli priaznivo ovplyvni\u0165 trend v\u00fdroby a n\u00e1kupu elektrick\u00fdch automobilov, m\u00f4\u017eeme za ne pova\u017eova\u0165 aj vl\u00e1dne stimuly. Aj na Slovensku m\u00e1me strat\u00e9giu pre rozvoj elektrickej mobility a hoci ju mnoh\u00ed kritizuj\u00fa, \u017ee pozit\u00edvnym svetlom na konci tunela, \u017ee aj u n\u00e1s sa h\u00fdbu veci vpred. Dobr\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom je N\u00f3rsko, ktor\u00e9 je dnes pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za krajinu s najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou popularitou n\u00e1kupu elektrick\u00fdch automobilov, a to pr\u00e1ve pre \u0161t\u00e1tnu podporu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Zdroje: \u0161tatistika 2016; Cleantechnica, global electric cars sales 2016; Car history 100 years; Tesla motors : Tesla Fourth Quarter &amp; Full Year 2015 Update; Nissan Renault: Results full year 2015; Hybrid cars: How Nissan and Renault dominatingthe electric game<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V roku 2015 prekro\u010dila celosvetov\u00e1 produkcia automobilov 74 mili\u00f3nov. Celkovo v tom istom roku jazdilo na cest\u00e1ch na celom svete viac ako 1,236 mili\u00e1rd automobilov<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5805","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5805","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5805"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5805\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5805"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5805"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5805"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}