{"id":5838,"date":"2017-01-04T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-01-03T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/historia-a-vzostup-globalizacie\/"},"modified":"2017-01-04T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2017-01-03T23:00:00","slug":"historia-a-vzostup-globalizacie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/historia-a-vzostup-globalizacie\/","title":{"rendered":"The roots of globalization"},"content":{"rendered":"

Term\u00edn \u201eglobaliz\u00e1cia\u201c prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t pou\u017eil v\u00fdznamn\u00fd ekon\u00f3m Theodore Levitt v \u010dl\u00e1nku \u201eGlobaliz\u00e1cia trhu\u201d, ktor\u00fd bol uverejnen\u00fd v magaz\u00edne \u201cHarvard Business Revue\u201d v m\u00e1ji 1983. V s\u00fa\u010dasnej dobe sa globaliz\u00e1cia vn\u00edma ako vy\u0161\u0161ia \u00farove\u0148 kapitalizmu.<\/span><\/h3>\n

Sociol\u00f3govia Martin Albrow a Elizabeth King definovali globaliz\u00e1ciu ako smerovanie procesov k jednej svetovej spolo\u010dnosti. Je\u00a0nutn\u00e9 ch\u00e1pa\u0165 ju ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 pokroku, je to\u00a0proces integr\u00e1cie r\u00f4znych aktiv\u00edt do \u0161ir\u0161ieho vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho celku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prvky, ktor\u00e9 dnes predstavuj\u00fa globaliz\u00e1ciu, je vidie\u0165 aj v ran\u00fdch kult\u00farach, ak\u00fdmi boli napr\u00edklad Summerovia v obdob\u00ed e\u0161te pred na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtom. Obchod ako tak\u00fd patri k s\u00fa\u010dastiam globaliz\u00e1cie, za\u010dal prekvita\u0165 v \u010dase \u201cHodv\u00e1bnej cesty\u201d na obchodn\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 viedli z Indie, Perzie a \u010c\u00edny do Eur\u00f3py. Touto cestou sa roz\u0161irovali nielen obchodn\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy, ale aj technol\u00f3gie, kult\u00fara, umenie, mision\u00e1ri a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm predstavite\u013eom globaliz\u00e1cie bola R\u00edmska r\u00ed\u0161a (27\u00a0pred. n.l. – 1453 n.l.). Nielen\u017ee zoskupovala r\u00f4zne n\u00e1rody a geografick\u00e9 celky pod jednu organiz\u00e1ciu, ale roz\u0161irovala jednotn\u00fd finan\u010dn\u00fd a pr\u00e1vny syst\u00e9m, z\u00e1kony, obchod, po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo, vedecko-technick\u00fd rozvoj, arm\u00e1du, kult\u00faru a vzdelanie. Cyril a Metod boli r\u00edmski mision\u00e1ri roz\u0161iruj\u00faci vzdelanie a kult\u00faru v r\u00ed\u0161i\u00a0a aj mimo nej. R\u00edmska r\u00ed\u0161a bola progres\u00edvnym prvkom pri utv\u00e1ran\u00ed sveta, ktor\u00fd pozn\u00e1me dnes. Pr\u00edkladom s\u00fa z\u00e1klady r\u00edmskeho pr\u00e1va, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa dnes s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00e1vnych syst\u00e9mov.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ku globaliz\u00e1cii obchodu v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom prispela prv\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 v glob\u00e1lnom meradle s n\u00e1zvom \u201cEast India Company\u201d. Zalo\u017een\u00e1 bola v roku 1600, p\u00f4sobila glob\u00e1lne a bola aj glob\u00e1lne vlastnen\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e1sledn\u00fd vzostup globaliz\u00e1cie umo\u017enil hegem\u00f3niu z\u00e1padn\u00e9ho sveta ako tak\u00e9ho, n\u00e1sledkom ktor\u00e9ho bolo mno\u017estvo konfliktov a vojen. V modernej dobe (v obdob\u00ed okolo roku 1900) sa prostredn\u00edctvom industri\u00e1lnej revol\u00facie \u0161tandardizovala v\u00fdroba a procesy. V s\u00favislosti s t\u00fdm za\u010dala popul\u00e1cia rap\u00eddne r\u00e1s\u0165 a s \u0148ou narastal aj dopyt po komodit\u00e1ch.<\/span>
\n Globaliz\u00e1cia vnik\u00e1 postupne do v\u0161etk\u00fdch sektorov existencie \u013eud\u00ed:<\/span><\/p>\n

-financie<\/span>
\n -energie<\/span>
\n -inform\u00e1cie<\/span>
\n -doprava<\/span>
\n -obchod a slu\u017eby<\/span>
\n -zamestnanos\u0165<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u010castou ot\u00e1zkou je: Je globaliz\u00e1cia pre svet potrebn\u00e1, je mo\u017en\u00e9 ju zastavi\u0165?<\/strong> Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee je potrebn\u00e1, preto\u017ee utv\u00e1ra \u013eudstvo od nepam\u00e4ti. Je na\u0161ou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou. Ak zastav\u00edme globaliz\u00e1ciu, \u010do si mysl\u00edm, \u017ee nie je mo\u017en\u00e9, zastav\u00edme spolu s \u0148ou aj progres, v\u00fdvoj\u00a0a v\u0161etko, \u010do n\u00e1s sp\u00e1jalo a rozv\u00edjalo. Je to ako s\u00faboj d\u0148a s nocou. Treba vidie\u0165 mnoh\u00e9 pozit\u00edva, ktor\u00e9 globaliz\u00e1cia priniesla. Odstr\u00e1nila chudobu, hlad, hranice, kult\u00farne rozdiely, priniesla vzdelanie\u00a0i mo\u017enos\u0165 cestova\u0165.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kon\u0161trukt\u00edvna kritika globaliz\u00e1cie m\u00e1 ale svoj v\u00fdznam. Glob\u00e1lne integra\u010dn\u00e9 celky (spolo\u010dnosti, politick\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary, nad\u00e1cie) by mali ma\u0165 sebakritick\u00fd poh\u013ead na konanie, ktor\u00e9 vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa a chyby, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa. V \u010dase svojho v\u00fdvoja\u00a0dok\u00e1zali odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 chyby bez toho aby vznikali negat\u00edvne n\u00e1sledky. <\/span><\/p>\n

Globaliz\u00e1cia je vlastne in\u00fdm slovom integr\u00e1cia, sp\u00e1janie.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroje inform\u00e1ci\u00ed:<\/span><\/em>
\n \u201cGlobalization of Markets\u201c Harvard Busines Revue, Theodore Levitt<\/span><\/em>
\n \u201cThe Consequences of Modernity\u201d Anthony Giddens<\/span><\/em>
\n \u201cThe impact of Globalization in the Roman empire 200BC-AD100 \u201dRyan M. Geraghty<\/span><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Term\u00edn \u201eglobaliz\u00e1cia\u201c prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t pou\u017eil v\u00fdznamn\u00fd ekon\u00f3m Theodore Levitt v \u010dl\u00e1nku \u201eGlobaliz\u00e1cia trhu\u201d, ktor\u00fd bol uverejnen\u00fd v magaz\u00edne \u201cHarvard Business Revue\u201d v m\u00e1ji 1983. V s\u00fa\u010dasnej<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5838","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5838","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5838"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5838\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}