{"id":5855,"date":"2017-04-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-04-24T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/jeden-pas-jedna-cesta\/"},"modified":"2017-04-25T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2017-04-24T23:00:00","slug":"jeden-pas-jedna-cesta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/jeden-pas-jedna-cesta\/","title":{"rendered":"One Belt, One Road"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><span lang=\"sk-SK\">\u010c\u00edne, ktor\u00e1 sa stala najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou svetovou ekonomikou, sa dar\u00ed presadzova\u0165 vlastn\u00fa etapu globaliz\u00e1cie. Odmietnutie medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch doh\u00f4d o\u00a0transpacifickom spolo\u010denstve s\u00a0\u00c1ziou (TPP) a\u00a0transatlantickom pakte s\u00a0E\u00da (TTIP) zo strany USA jej vytvorilo nov\u00fd man\u00e9vrovac\u00ed priestor.<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>V roku 2014 \u010c\u013dR prezentovala nov\u00fa rozvojov\u00fa strat\u00e9giu Jeden p\u00e1s, jedna cesta (One Belt, One Road, OBOR). O\u010dak\u00e1va prepojenie ekonomick\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu kraj\u00edn nach\u00e1dzaj\u00facich sa na trase b\u00fdvalej Hodv\u00e1bnej cesty a\u00a0vyu\u017eitie synergick\u00fdch efektov. Prostredn\u00edctvom zmien medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch logistick\u00fdch siet\u00ed a ciest sa maj\u00fa vytvori\u0165 prepravn\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly, zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 ich kapacita a\u00a0generova\u0165 obrovsk\u00e9 \u00faspory n\u00e1kladov. Pozit\u00edvny efekt sa o\u010dak\u00e1va od prieniku \u010d\u00ednskych firiem do \u010fal\u0161\u00edch \u00e1zijsk\u00fdch kraj\u00edn i\u00a0na eur\u00f3pske trhy. Pokia\u013e je doteraz v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina exportu \u010c\u013dR z\u00e1visl\u00e1 od logistick\u00fdch liniek ved\u00facich cez USA, Panamsk\u00fd a\u00a0Suezsk\u00fd kan\u00e1l, \u010do automaticky znamen\u00e1 pomal\u0161iu a\u00a0drah\u0161iu prepravu, potom nov\u00e9 \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00e9 koridory cez Ir\u00e1n, Turecko a\u00a0Gr\u00e9cko cel\u00fd proces zjednodu\u0161uj\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"sk-SK\">Pred rokom sa dobudovala \u017eeleznica z\u00a0Pekingu do Teher\u00e1nu a\u00a0s\u00fabe\u017ene r\u00fdchlodr\u00e1ha z\u00a0Belehradu do Budape\u0161ti. Medzit\u00fdm \u010c\u00edna odk\u00fapila d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 prekladisko tovaru prich\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho cez Suez v gr\u00e9ckom pr\u00edstave Pireus. Jeho prepojenie po \u017eeleznici do Belehradu sa pripravuje. Perspekt\u00edva aktiviz\u00e1cie tzv. severnej n\u00e1mornej Hodv\u00e1bnej cesty z\u00a0pr\u00edstavov v\u00a0\u0160anghaji, Ningbo a\u00a0Nankingu cez Beringov prieliv a\u00a0okolo Ruska do severnej Eur\u00f3py by eliminovala v\u00fdznam USA, pokia\u013e ide o\u00a0\u010d\u00ednske reexporty. USA by stratili v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zdroje plyn\u00face z\u00a0dopravy, ale aj faktick\u00fa kontrolu na cel\u00fdm \u00e1zijsk\u00fdm obchodom.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"sk-SK\">Pri sk\u00faman\u00ed uveden\u00fdch s\u00favislost\u00ed nemo\u017eno strati\u0165 zo zrete\u013ea, \u017ee s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou rozvojovej doktr\u00edny \u010c\u00edny t\u00fdkaj\u00facej sa jej bud\u00faceho postavenia vo svete. Odborn\u00edci poukazuj\u00fa na to, \u017ee rozhoduj\u00facim prvkom v \u00faspe\u0161nom dlhodobom napredovan\u00ed \u010c\u00edny je pr\u00e1ve efekt\u00edvna rozvojov\u00e1 strat\u00e9gia, vytv\u00e1raj\u00faca funk\u010dn\u00fa symbi\u00f3zu pri prep\u00e1jan\u00ed komparat\u00edvnych v\u00fdhod krajiny s\u00a0v\u00fdvojom v\u00a0medzin\u00e1rodnom prostred\u00ed. \u010c\u00edna investovala do Hodv\u00e1bnej cesty u\u017e 40 mld. USD, \u010do pomohlo zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdvoz do Kazachstanu, Ir\u00e1nu a Turecka o p\u00e4tinu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n O\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e1 trasa iniciat\u00edvy OBOR. Zdroj: Xinhua. 2016. In: http:\/\/en.xfafinance.com\/html\/OBAOR\/\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"sk-SK\">Jej budovanie sprev\u00e1dza znate\u013en\u00fd rast invest\u00edci\u00ed do okolit\u00fdch kraj\u00edn. S\u00fastre\u010fuj\u00fa sa na oblas\u0165 strategick\u00fdch surov\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 sa do podoby koncentr\u00e1tov formuj\u00fa v\u00a0dom\u00e1cich prev\u00e1dzkach, aby ich import bol dopravne efekt\u00edvny. V\u00fdznamn\u00e9 s\u00fa tie\u017e iniciat\u00edvy \u00c1zijskej investi\u010dnej banky (AIIB) zdru\u017euj\u00facej kapit\u00e1l aj z\u00a0viacer\u00fdch eur\u00f3pskych kraj\u00edn. Vy\u0161e 100 mld. US dol\u00e1rov d\u00e1va priestor na financovanie infra\u0161trukt\u00farnych projektov, ak\u00fdm je aj OBOR. Okrem toho, particip\u00e1cia v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny \u00e1zijsk\u00fdch kraj\u00edn na lukrat\u00edvnom podnikan\u00ed \u010c\u00edny zabezpe\u010duje politick\u00fa podporu a otupuje pocit dominancie \u010d\u00ednskych ekonomick\u00fdch z\u00e1ujmov pri ich realiz\u00e1cii. V\u00a0t\u00fdchto s\u00favislostiach je zauj\u00edmav\u00e1 poz\u00edcia spolo\u010dnej iniciat\u00edvy \u010c\u013dR so 16 krajinami strednej a\u00a0v\u00fdchodnej Eur\u00f3py SVE 16+1. V\u00a0jej r\u00e1mci sa pripravuje spolo\u010dn\u00fd fond na podporu investi\u010dn\u00fdch projektov, ktor\u00e9 by umo\u017enili akt\u00edvnej\u0161iu particip\u00e1ciu t\u00fdchto kraj\u00edn na zahrani\u010dnoobchodn\u00fdch z\u00e1meroch \u010c\u00edny. T\u00e1 do projektu vlo\u017e\u00ed cca 10 mld. US dol\u00e1rov. Predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee vytvor\u00ed produk\u010dn\u00e9 kapacity pom\u00e1haj\u00face pokry\u0165 rast\u00faci dopyt \u010d\u00ednskych spotrebite\u013eov po v\u00fdrobkoch eur\u00f3pskej proveniencie. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 by sa protidod\u00e1vkami optimalizovali prepravn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na Hodv\u00e1bnej ceste. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"sk-SK\">V\u00a0inom svetle mo\u017eno v\u00a0t\u00fdchto s\u00favislostiach vidie\u0165 snahu \u010d\u00ednskej \u0161t\u00e1tnej spolo\u010dnosti Heesteel o\u00a0odk\u00fapenie US Steel Ko\u0161ice. S\u00a0\u0148ou toti\u017e z\u00edskava kone\u010dn\u00fa stanicu \u0161irokorozchodnej trate, ktor\u00e1 v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Transsib\u00edrskej magistr\u00e1ly prep\u00e1ja \u010c\u013dR so SR (E\u00da). V\u00a0pr\u00edpade \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9ho zav\u0155\u0161enia tejto transakcie by mohli \u010d\u00ednski oceliari ochrann\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry E\u00da pred lacn\u00fdm dovozom tohto materi\u00e1lu z\u00a0\u00c1zie leg\u00e1lne ob\u00eds\u0165 a\u00a0dosta\u0165 sa tak k\u00a0z\u00e1kazk\u00e1m eur\u00f3pskych automobiliek. Je zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee oce\u013e by mohli nasledova\u0165 cement, hlin\u00edk a\u00a0in\u00e9 vstupy, u\u00a0ktor\u00fdch m\u00f4\u017ee \u010c\u00edna uplat\u0148ova\u0165 svoje komparat\u00edvne v\u00fdhody, hlavne cenu pr\u00e1ce a energi\u00ed. \u00daspech iniciat\u00edvy OBOR bude z\u00e1visie\u0165 od viacer\u00fdch faktorov glob\u00e1lneho a\u00a0region\u00e1lneho charakteru. Je v\u0161ak zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00a0ich r\u00e1mci bude E\u00da alebo krajiny SVE \u201e\u0165aha\u0165 za krat\u0161\u00ed koniec\u201c. Ot\u00e1zne je len, do akej miery a\u00a0ako dlho.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">&quot;<span lang=\"sk-SK\"><em>Osud n\u00e1rodov (\u0161t\u00e1tov) a\u00a0podnikov je vz\u00e1jomne prepojen\u00fd, \u010do je trend, ktor\u00fd posilnila komunik\u00e1cia a\u00a0globaliz\u00e1cia&#8230; Ako \u0161t\u00e1ty, tak aj podniky \u017eij\u00fa vo svete konkurencie, ktor\u00fd men\u00ed svoje pravidl\u00e1 hry. Hranice medzi krajinami str\u00e1caj\u00fa v\u00fdznam, idey, hodnoty i\u00a0sk\u00fasenosti sa vo\u013ene pohybuj\u00fa od jednej krajiny k\u00a0druhej. Pojem konkurencieschopnos\u0165 je teda v\u00fdsledkom novovznikaj\u00faceho prostredia: nazer\u00e1 na \u0161t\u00e1ty a\u00a0podniky z\u00a0glob\u00e1lnej\u0161ieho a\u00a0ucelenej\u0161ieho \u2013 holistick\u00e9ho poh\u013eadu. Ten je definovan\u00fd ako sklon pr\u00edrody vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 organizovan\u00e9 celky predstavuj\u00face viac ne\u017e sumu prvkov, z\u00a0ktor\u00fdch sa skladaj\u00fa<\/em>.&#8220; <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span lang=\"sk-SK\">&#8211;\u00a0<\/span> <span lang=\"sk-SK\">S. Garelli<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u010c\u00edne, ktor\u00e1 sa stala najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou svetovou ekonomikou, sa dar\u00ed presadzova\u0165 vlastn\u00fa etapu globaliz\u00e1cie. Odmietnutie medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch doh\u00f4d o\u00a0transpacifickom spolo\u010denstve s\u00a0\u00c1ziou (TPP) a\u00a0transatlantickom pakte s\u00a0E\u00da (TTIP) zo<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5855","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5855","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5855"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5855\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}