{"id":5927,"date":"2018-01-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-01-17T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/lietadla-na-elektrinu-uz-sa-na-nich-pracuje-chysta-sa-velka-revolucia-v-doprave\/"},"modified":"2018-01-18T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2018-01-17T23:00:00","slug":"lietadla-na-elektrinu-uz-sa-na-nich-pracuje-chysta-sa-velka-revolucia-v-doprave","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/lietadla-na-elektrinu-uz-sa-na-nich-pracuje-chysta-sa-velka-revolucia-v-doprave\/","title":{"rendered":"Electric aircraft: They are already being worked on, a great revolution in transportation is coming"},"content":{"rendered":"

BAe 146 Hybrid. Mo\u017eno aj tak sa bude ozna\u010dova\u0165 \u0161peci\u00e1lne upraven\u00e1 verzia dopravn\u00e9ho lietadla BAe, ktor\u00e9 teraz spolo\u010dnosti Siemens, Airbus a Rolls-Royce prer\u00e1baj\u00fa na hybridn\u00fd pohon. Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee aj komer\u010dn\u00e9 lety dostihne \u00e9ra elektromobility? Zbav\u00edme sa emisi\u00ed a hluku, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa s prev\u00e1dzkou lietadiel neoddelite\u013ene spojen\u00e9?<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

Airbus u\u017e elektrick\u00e9 lietadlo postavil, ale…<\/h3>\n

V\u00fdvoj plne elektrick\u00fdch lietadiel nie je \u00faplne novou z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165ou. Mal\u00e9 lietadl\u00e1 s elektrifikovan\u00fdm pohonom vznikali u\u017e pred 8 rokmi: napr\u00edklad Cri-Cri (2010), e-Genius (2011), DA36 E-Star (2011), DA36 E-Star 2 (2013), E-Fan 1.0 (2014) \u010di Siemens Extra 330LE (2016).<\/p>\n

V roku 2015 spolo\u010dnosti Airbus, Rolls-Royce a Siemens zrealizovali let prv\u00e9ho prototypu plne elektrick\u00e9ho lietadla s n\u00e1zvom E-Fan 1.1. Mal\u00e9 lietadlo s dvojicou elektrick\u00fdch\u00a0motorov preletelo vzdialenos\u0165 z britsk\u00e9ho Lyddu do franc\u00fazskeho Calais. Jeho v\u00fdkon dosahoval menej ako 200 kW, \u010do je pre dopravn\u00e9 lietadl\u00e1 celkom nedostato\u010dn\u00e1 hodnota. Tie potrebuj\u00fa aspo\u0148 desa\u0165kr\u00e1t viac v\u00fdkonu, ktor\u00fd sa o\u010dak\u00e1va od prv\u00e9ho hybridn\u00e9ho dopravn\u00e9ho lietadla E-Fan X.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n Evol\u00facia mal\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch lietadiel a predpovede o t\u00fdch dopravn\u00fdch (zdroj: Airbus)\n

 <\/p>\n

Hybridn\u00e9 dopravn\u00e9 lietadlo<\/h3>\n

Spolo\u010dnosti Siemens, Airbus a Rolls-Royce ako dod\u00e1vatelia technol\u00f3gi\u00ed a motorov prer\u00e1baj\u00fa u\u017e existuj\u00face dopravn\u00e9 lietadlo BAe 146 tak, aby bol jeden z jeho \u0161tyroch pr\u00fadov\u00fdch motorov nahraden\u00fd elektrick\u00fdm. Odv\u00e1\u017eny projekt sa vol\u00e1 E-Fan X, vy\u017eaduje invest\u00edcie na \u00farovni desiatok mili\u00f3nov britsk\u00fdch libier a o jeho \u00faspechu zatia\u013e nikto nie je celkom presved\u010den\u00fd.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n Vizualiz\u00e1cia dopravn\u00e9ho lietadla E-Fan X s jedn\u00fdm elektrick\u00fdm a tromi pr\u00fadov\u00fdmi motormi.\n

 <\/p>\n

Aktivity uveden\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed s\u00fa priamou reakciou na snahy Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie o obmedzovanie emisi\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdch plynov a tie\u017e hluku. Odkedy lietadl\u00e1 vznikli, pozn\u00e1me ich ako hlu\u010dn\u00e9 stroje, ktor\u00e9 je po\u010du\u0165 na cel\u00e9 kilometre. Hlu\u010dnos\u0165 lietadiel je celkom prirodzene otravn\u00e1, ak \u017eijete v bl\u00edzkosti letiska – ani v Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanii to nie je a\u017e tak v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00e9, pr\u00edkladom je u\u017e len samotn\u00e1 Bratislava, ktorej letisko sa nach\u00e1dza ve\u013emi bl\u00edzko zastavan\u00fdch \u0161tvrt\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Prototyp lietadla s hybridn\u00fdm pohonom m\u00f4\u017eeme o\u010dak\u00e1va\u0165 v roku 2020, v pr\u00edpade splnenia tohto term\u00ednu by sa v mohlo objavi\u0165 v komer\u010dnej prev\u00e1dzke u\u017e v roku 2025. S\u00fa to v\u0161ak ve\u013emi optimistick\u00e9 o\u010dak\u00e1vania, preto\u017ee v\u00fdvoj technol\u00f3gie mus\u00ed zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 aj v\u0161etky tie faktory, ktor\u00e9 robia leteck\u00fa dopravu maxim\u00e1lne bezpe\u010dnou. V lietadle, ktor\u00e9 let\u00ed nieko\u013eko kilometrov nad zemou, sa skr\u00e1tka nesmie sta\u0165 porucha, ktor\u00e1 by ohrozila pasa\u017eierov, preto\u017ee ho nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 odstavi\u0165 na krajnicu a vy\u010dka\u0165 do pr\u00edchodu pomoci. Hybridn\u00e9 lietadlo by malo by\u0165 schopn\u00e9 obsl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 70 a\u017e 112 \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n E-Fan X, dopravn\u00e9 lietadlo s hybridn\u00fdm pohonom, bude v\u00fdsledkom spolupr\u00e1ce zna\u010diek Airbus, Siemens a Rolls-Royce\n

Elektrick\u00fd motor, ktor\u00fd nahrad\u00ed jeden zo \u0161tyroch pr\u00fadov\u00fdch, dod\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Siemens. Gener\u00e1tor, ktor\u00fd bude vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 energiu pre elektrick\u00fd motor, dod\u00e1 Rolls-Royce a zna\u010dka Airbus dod\u00e1 bat\u00e9rie, ktor\u00e9 bud\u00fa ulo\u017een\u00e9 v prednej \u010dasti trupu lietadla. Gener\u00e1tor sa bude, naopak, nach\u00e1dza\u0165 v zadnej \u010dasti trupu. Gener\u00e1tor bude na v\u00fdrobu elektrickej energie vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 pracuj\u00face pr\u00fadov\u00e9 motory, pri\u010dom vytvoren\u00fa energiu bude usklad\u0148ova\u0165 v bat\u00e9ri\u00e1ch. Tie s\u00fa dnes najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mom, s ktor\u00fdm sa leteck\u00fd priemysel pot\u00fdka v s\u00favislosti s aplikovan\u00edm elektrick\u00e9ho a hybridn\u00e9ho pohonu. Bat\u00e9rie s\u00fa pr\u00edli\u0161 \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 a nezanedbate\u013en\u00fd vplyv na celkov\u00fa hmotnos\u0165 lietadla maj\u00fa aj syst\u00e9my chladiace elektromotory a bat\u00e9rie. Preto je dnes hybridn\u00fd pohon \u010di dokonca plne elektrick\u00fd pohon v leteckej doprave nemyslite\u013en\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Elektrick\u00fd motor by sa mohol vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 nielen po\u010das samotn\u00e9ho letu, ale aj po\u010das \u0161tartu – vtedy by lietadlo mohlo dosahova\u0165 ni\u017e\u0161iu hlu\u010dnos\u0165, \u010d\u00edm by sa leteck\u00fdm spolo\u010dnostiam umo\u017enilo prev\u00e1dzkova\u0165 viac no\u010dn\u00fdch letov.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Plne elektrick\u00e9 dopravn\u00e9 lietadlo<\/h3>\n

Existuje v\u0161ak aj v\u00edzia plne elektrick\u00e9ho lietadla. Teoreticky by unieslo 150 pasa\u017eierov, jeho dolet by dosahoval 450 kilometrov a vyvin\u00fa\u0165 by ho chcela americk\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165\u00a0Wright Electric. Elektrick\u00e9 lietadlo s n\u00e1zvom Wright One by mohlo by\u0165 revol\u00faciou, av\u0161ak k dne\u0161n\u00e9mu d\u0148u a ani k bl\u00edzkej bud\u00facnosti nezrealizovate\u013enou. Aj samotn\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 vie, \u017ee najprv bude potrebn\u00e9 vyvin\u00fa\u0165 maxim\u00e1lne bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a spo\u013eahliv\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie, ktor\u00e9 bud\u00fa v porovnan\u00ed s t\u00fdmi s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdmi nepomerne \u013eah\u0161ie. Dolet 450 kilometrov by mohol sta\u010di\u0165 na let z Lond\u00fdna do Par\u00ed\u017ea a vraj o elektrick\u00e9 lietadlo prejavila z\u00e1ujem leteck\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 EasyJet.<\/p>\n

Je v\u0161ak nepravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by sa tak\u00e9to revolu\u010dn\u00e9 lietadlo stalo realitou v najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch dvadsiatich rokoch, \u010do uv\u00e1dza aj samotn\u00e1 americk\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n Vizualiz\u00e1cia dopravn\u00e9ho lietadla na elektrinu od spolo\u010dnosti Wright.\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BAe 146 Hybrid. Mo\u017eno aj tak sa bude ozna\u010dova\u0165 \u0161peci\u00e1lne upraven\u00e1 verzia dopravn\u00e9ho lietadla BAe, ktor\u00e9 teraz spolo\u010dnosti Siemens, Airbus a Rolls-Royce prer\u00e1baj\u00fa na hybridn\u00fd<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5927","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5927","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5927"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5927\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5927"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5927"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5927"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}