E\u0161te aj dnes, v roku 2018, je nukle\u00e1rna energia pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za jednu z naj\u010distej\u0161\u00edch na svete. Plat\u00ed to v pr\u00edpade, ke\u010f berieme do \u00favahy samotn\u00fd proces v\u00fdroby energie, ktor\u00fd do ovzdu\u0161ia uvo\u013e\u0148uje iba vodn\u00fa paru z vody. T\u00e1 cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m chlad\u00ed a udr\u017eiava ho tak v bezpe\u010dnom stave. Probl\u00e9mom je r\u00e1dioakt\u00edvny odpad, ktor\u00fd vznik\u00e1 ako produkt nukle\u00e1rnych reakci\u00ed a dodnes \u013eudstvo nevie, ako s n\u00edm bude naklada\u0165. Dnes sa tieto r\u00e1dioakt\u00edvne odpady skladuj\u00fa za vysok\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch \u0161tandardov s eventu\u00e1lnym rizikom, \u017ee sa ich r\u00e1dioaktivita za\u010dne uvo\u013e\u0148ova\u0165 do prostredia. Scen\u00e1r, ktor\u00fd by zah\u0155\u0148al posielanie tohto r\u00e1dioakt\u00edvneho materi\u00e1lu do vesm\u00edru, je pri s\u00fa\u010dasnom stave technol\u00f3gi\u00ed nere\u00e1lny. Sta\u010dila by jedna hav\u00e1ria rakety vyn\u00e1\u0161aj\u00facej odpad do vesm\u00edru, aby vznikli \u0161kody nev\u00eddan\u00fdch rozmerov.<\/p>\n
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Probl\u00e9m s aktu\u00e1lnym technologick\u00fdm spracovan\u00edm nukle\u00e1rnej energie sa t\u00fdka aj jej enormnej finan\u010dnej n\u00e1kladnosti. Keby tento typ energie nebol vo v\u00fdznamnej miere dotovan\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1tmi a vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi zriadeniami, bol by vrcholne finan\u010dne neefekt\u00edvny. Ako uv\u00e1dza port\u00e1l Wired, ned\u00e1vne sk\u00fasenosti Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov s v\u00fdstavbou nov\u00fdch jadrov\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rn\u00ed nie s\u00fa priazniv\u00e9. V roku 2012 Ju\u017en\u00e1 Karol\u00edna dostala povolenie na v\u00fdstavbu jadrovej elektr\u00e1rne, n\u00e1klady na jej v\u00fdstavbu dosiahli z\u00e1vratn\u00fdch 9 mili\u00e1rd americk\u00fdch dol\u00e1rov. Tieto invest\u00edcie sa premietli do ceny energie, ktor\u00e1 bola pre koncov\u00fdch z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov vy\u0161\u0161ia a\u017e o 18 percent s t\u00fdm, \u017ee nov\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia bude pripraven\u00e1 na prev\u00e1dzku v roku 2018. Dnes u\u017e vieme, \u017ee po utopen\u00ed deviatich mili\u00e1rd dol\u00e1rov spolo\u010dnos\u0165 South Carolina Electric & Gas od projektu ust\u00fapila. Podobn\u00fd scen\u00e1r port\u00e1l uv\u00e1dza aj pri jadrovej elektr\u00e1rni vo F\u00ednsku pri meste\u00a0Olkiluoto, ktor\u00e1 je po \u00f4smich rokoch v strate 6,5 mili\u00e1rd USD.<\/p>\n
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Zmenu do obchodu a vyu\u017e\u00edvania nukle\u00e1rnej energie by mohli vnies\u0165 nov\u00e9 startupy a projekty, ktor\u00e9 s \u0148ou po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa ako s vhodnou alternat\u00edvou pre \u010dist\u00fa obnovite\u013en\u00fa energiu. Aj napriek tomu, \u017ee predov\u0161etk\u00fdm seversk\u00e9 krajiny n\u00e1m prakticky ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee vyu\u017eitie veternej a sol\u00e1rnej energie m\u00f4\u017ee nadobudn\u00fa\u0165 rozsiahlych rozmerov, jadrov\u00e1 energia ani z\u010faleka nepovedala svoje posledn\u00e9 slovo. V Holandsku napr\u00edklad v\u0161etky vlaky jazdia v\u00fdlu\u010dne na elektrinu z\u00edskan\u00fa z veternej energie. Rovn\u00fdch sto percent. Pre nap\u00e1janie miest by to v\u0161ak sta\u010di\u0165 nemuselo.<\/p>\n
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Nov\u00e9 projekty t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa\u00a0z\u00edskavania energie z jadra by mohli pom\u00f4c\u0165 krajin\u00e1m ako India \u010di \u010c\u00edna udr\u017ea\u0165 dod\u00e1vku energie st\u00e1le rast\u00facemu po\u010dtu obyvate\u013eov. V \u010dl\u00e1nku od Wired sa spom\u00edna predov\u0161etk\u00fdm spolo\u010dnos\u0165\u00a0Terrestrial Energy, ktor\u00e1 stavia svoje pl\u00e1ny na reaktoroch s pou\u017eit\u00edm roztavenej soli. Ke\u010f sa \u0161tandardne pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 voda vymen\u00ed za roztaven\u00fa so\u013e, prirodzene sa zv\u00fd\u0161i bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 v\u00fdroby nukle\u00e1rnej energie. Dne\u0161n\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 bezpe\u010dnosti jadrov\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rn\u00ed je s\u00edce vysok\u00e1, ale vy\u017eaduje si akt\u00edvne chladenie vodou, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 probl\u00e9m zachova\u0165 napr\u00edklad pri pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch katastrof\u00e1ch (spome\u0148me si na Fuku\u0161imu). Roztaven\u00e1 so\u013e nezovrie a nevypar\u00ed sa, ost\u00e1va chladiacim m\u00e9diom aj v pr\u00edpade, \u017ee elektr\u00e1re\u0148 prestane pracova\u0165 \u00faplne. Jadrov\u00fd reaktor IMSR so so\u013en\u00fdm chladen\u00edm by znamenal aj ni\u017e\u0161ie n\u00e1klady, modulovate\u013enos\u0165, men\u0161ie rozmery a univerz\u00e1lnos\u0165. Cena v\u00fdroby 1 MWh by mala by\u0165 ni\u017e\u0161ia ako pri v\u00fdrobe energie z fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv, biomasy \u010di \u201e\u0161tandardn\u00e9ho jadra\u201c.<\/p>\n
Terrestrial Energy by chcelo uvies\u0165 do prev\u00e1dzky reaktor IMSR do roku 2030, na svojej str\u00e1nke uv\u00e1dza 20. roky.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n Mal\u00fd modulovate\u013en\u00fd jadrov\u00fd reaktor IMSR od Terrestrial Energy\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Terrestrial Energy nie je ani z\u010faleka jedin\u00e1 firma, ktor\u00e1 sa zaober\u00e1 moderniz\u00e1ciou z\u00edskavania nukle\u00e1rnej energie. \u010eal\u0161ie spolo\u010dnosti chc\u00fa rie\u0161i\u0165 najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie probl\u00e9my s\u00fa\u010dasnej technol\u00f3gie, ktor\u00fdmi s\u00fa r\u00e1dioakt\u00edvny odpad, vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, spojitos\u0165 so zbra\u0148ami a hav\u00e1rie. Niektor\u00e9 z nich spa\u013euj\u00fa u\u017e existuj\u00faci odpad, in\u00e9 ni\u010dia izotopy, z ktor\u00fdch mo\u017eno vyrobi\u0165 zbrane. V pl\u00e1noch odborn\u00edkov s\u00fa tie\u017e mal\u00e9 reaktory s n\u00edzkymi prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fdmi n\u00e1kladmi.<\/p>\n
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Jadrov\u00e1 energia m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 skuto\u010dne \u010distou a bezpe\u010dnou, ak bude technol\u00f3gia jej z\u00edskavania vyv\u00edjan\u00e1 a zlep\u0161ovan\u00e1. Mo\u017enou bud\u00facnos\u0165ou je aj ak\u00e1si liberaliz\u00e1cia jadrov\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rn\u00ed a jej po\u010detnej\u0161ie vyu\u017e\u00edvanie v men\u0161\u00edch komunit\u00e1ch, dovtedy sa v\u0161ak vedci bud\u00fa musie\u0165 popasova\u0165 s mno\u017estvom \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdch \u00faloh spojen\u00fdch s bezpe\u010dnos\u0165ou. Vieme, \u017ee sk\u00f4r ako za desa\u0165ro\u010die to nebude.<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Sources: \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Multimiliardov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na v\u00fdstavbu konven\u010dn\u00fdch jadrov\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rn\u00ed by mohli by\u0165 \u010doskoro minulos\u0165ou. Vznikaj\u00fa startupy, ktor\u00e9 chc\u00fa spravi\u0165 nukle\u00e1rnu energiu e\u0161te \u010distej\u0161ou a dostupnej\u0161ou. E\u0161te aj<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6015","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6015","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6015"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6015\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6015"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6015"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6015"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n<\/em>https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/next-gen-nuclear\/
\n<\/em>https:\/\/www.terrestrialenergy.com\/<\/em><\/p>\n