{"id":6016,"date":"2018-08-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-08-09T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/preco-nemozeme-letiet-rychlostou-svetla\/"},"modified":"2018-08-10T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2018-08-09T23:00:00","slug":"preco-nemozeme-letiet-rychlostou-svetla","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/preco-nemozeme-letiet-rychlostou-svetla\/","title":{"rendered":"Why can't we fly at the speed of light?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vyzer\u00e1 to tak, \u017ee vo vesm\u00edre existuje r\u00fdchlostn\u00fd limit, ktor\u00fd nemo\u017eno prekro\u010di\u0165 ani s maxim\u00e1lnym \u00fasil\u00edm. T\u00fdmto limitom je r\u00fdchlos\u0165 svetla a pre n\u00e1s je nedosiahnute\u013en\u00e1. Pre\u010do je to tak?<\/h3>\n

<\/h3>\n

V ka\u017edom sci-filme, v ktorom sa objavuj\u00fa vesm\u00edrne lode, vedia letie\u0165 r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou prevy\u0161uj\u00facou r\u00fdchlos\u0165 svetla. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 znalosti fyziky n\u00e1m v\u0161ak poukazuj\u00fa na to, \u017ee pohybova\u0165 sa r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou vy\u0161\u0161ou ako r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou svetla mo\u017en\u00e9 nie je. Je na to pomerne jednoduch\u00fd d\u00f4vod, ktor\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee dokonale potopi\u0165 ak\u00e9ko\u013evek ve\u013ekolep\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny vesm\u00edrnych sn\u00edlkov. V\u0161etko je o energii, hmotnosti a realite ako takej.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

R\u00fdchlos\u0165 svetla sa ozna\u010duje c (lat. celerita=svetlo<\/em>) a vo vesm\u00edre je\u00a0299 792 458 m\/s,
\nteda takmer 300-tis\u00edc kilometrov za sekundu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Einsteinova te\u00f3ria relativity, ktor\u00e1 sa t\u00fdka pojmov ako gravit\u00e1cia, zakrivenie \u010dasopriestoru \u010di r\u00fdchlos\u0165 svetla, tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161iu r\u00fdchlos\u0165 chceme dosiahnu\u0165, t\u00fdm viac energie mus\u00edme pohybuj\u00facemu sa objektu doda\u0165. Zjednodu\u0161ene povedan\u00e9, ak chceme, aby auto i\u0161lo r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie, mus\u00edme mu doda\u0165 viac paliva a jeho spotreba bude vy\u0161\u0161ia. Plat\u00ed to aj pre vesm\u00edrne lode, aj golfov\u00fa lopti\u010dku, aj bakt\u00e9riu. Aby sa mohol ak\u00fdko\u013evek hmotn\u00fd objekt, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 hmotnos\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu ako nula,\u00a0 rozbehn\u00fa\u0165 a\u017e na r\u00fdchlos\u0165 svetla, potreboval by u\u017e nekone\u010dne ve\u013ea energie<\/strong>. A nekone\u010dne ve\u013ea energie je iba teoretick\u00fd a v praxi nedosiahnute\u013en\u00fd pojem.<\/p>\n

S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 znalost\u00ed fyziky v\u0161ak nevylu\u010duje, \u017ee by sa nie\u010do vo vesm\u00edre mohlo pohybova\u0165 r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou ako je r\u00fdchlos\u0165 svetla. Einstein prip\u00fa\u0161\u0165a tak\u00e9 objekty, ktor\u00e9 sa pohybuj\u00fa e\u0161te vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi r\u00fdchlos\u0165ami, av\u0161ak pre ne je nemo\u017en\u00e9 klesn\u00fa\u0165 pod t\u00fato r\u00fdchlos\u0165, preto\u017ee by na toto spomalenie potrebovali nekone\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo energie.<\/p>\n

Ist\u00e9 je iba to, \u017ee v\u0161eobecn\u00e1 a \u0161peci\u00e1lna te\u00f3ria relativity neprip\u00fa\u0161\u0165a<\/strong>, \u017ee by sa hmotn\u00fd objekt s akouko\u013evek hmotnos\u0165ou dostal a\u017e na r\u00fdchlos\u0165 svetla.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9my s \u010dasom a realitou samotnou<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Okrem probl\u00e9mu nedostatku energie s\u00fa nemo\u017enosti cestovania r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou svetla aj v teoretickej rovine. U\u017e dnes vieme o v\u00fdsledkoch experimentov, ktor\u00e9 pouk\u00e1zali na to, \u017ee so zvy\u0161uj\u00facou sa r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou sa men\u00ed plynutie \u010dasu. Dokonca aj oby\u010dajn\u00e9 lietadlo, ktor\u00e9 let\u00ed vzduchom, m\u00e1 svoje vlastn\u00e9 plynutie \u010dasu, hoci od \u013eud\u00ed na zemi\u00a0rozdielne o zanedbate\u013en\u00fa \u00farove\u0148. Plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie sa pohybujete, t\u00fdm pomal\u0161ie pre v\u00e1s plynie \u010das<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Ak by ste dosiahli r\u00fdchlos\u0165 svetla, v\u00e1\u0161 \u010das by sa zastavil \u00faplne – a to by ste ur\u010dite nechceli.\u00a0Z tohto d\u00f4vodu\u00a0s\u00fa fot\u00f3ny (nosi\u010de svetla) ve\u010dn\u00e9 a \u010dasom nedegeneruj\u00fa, preto\u017ee sa z ich poh\u013eadu zastavil \u010das – a nikdy sa nerozbehne<\/strong>. Preto dok\u00e1\u017ee svetlo letie\u0165 vesm\u00edrom miliardy a miliardy rokov.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom s realitou je skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee svetlo definuje realitu samotn\u00fa. To, \u010do je okolo n\u00e1s, je realitou preto, lebo ju m\u00f4\u017eeme pozorova\u0165. Nenechajme sa pom\u00fdli\u0165 t\u00fdm, \u017ee v tme nevid\u00edme, preto\u017ee aj v nej m\u00f4\u017eu \u201evidie\u0165\u201c infra\u010derven\u00e9 kamery, \u0161\u00edria sa t\u00fa elektromagnetick\u00e9 vlny, m\u00f4\u017eeme zachyt\u00e1va\u0165 r\u00f6ntgenov\u00e9 \u017eiarenie a mnoho \u010fal\u0161ieho, pre na\u0161e o\u010di nevidite\u013en\u00e9ho, svetla. Ak by sme ale dosiahli alebo presiahli r\u00fdchlos\u0165 svetla, cel\u00e1 realita by sa zmenila – d\u00f4sledok by pred\u010dil pr\u00ed\u010dinu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Teoreticky, ak by okolo n\u00e1s presvi\u0161\u0165alo auto r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou svetla, najprv by sme ho videli priamo pri n\u00e1s a potom jeho dvojit\u00fd obraz, ako sa od n\u00e1s vz\u010fa\u013euje a s\u00fa\u010dasne bl\u00ed\u017ei. Skr\u00e1tka, najprv by sme videli to jeho svetlo, ktor\u00e9 k n\u00e1m bolo najbli\u017e\u0161ie a a\u017e potom by sa k n\u00e1m za\u010dalo dost\u00e1va\u0165 jeho star\u0161ie a nov\u00e9 svetlo.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ve\u013emi \u013eahko pochopite\u013en\u00e9 a vizu\u00e1lne p\u00fatavo spracovan\u00e9 video objas\u0148uj\u00face probl\u00e9m cestovania r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou svetla spracovalo BBC:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vyzer\u00e1 to tak, \u017ee vo vesm\u00edre existuje r\u00fdchlostn\u00fd limit, ktor\u00fd nemo\u017eno prekro\u010di\u0165 ani s maxim\u00e1lnym \u00fasil\u00edm. T\u00fdmto limitom je r\u00fdchlos\u0165 svetla a pre n\u00e1s je<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6016","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6016","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6016"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6016\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6016"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6016"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6016"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}