{"id":6038,"date":"2018-11-05T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-11-04T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/solarne-elektromobily-vyriesi-stara-technologia-novodobe-problemy\/"},"modified":"2018-11-05T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2018-11-04T23:00:00","slug":"solarne-elektromobily-vyriesi-stara-technologia-novodobe-problemy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/solarne-elektromobily-vyriesi-stara-technologia-novodobe-problemy\/","title":{"rendered":"Solar electric cars: Will old technology solve modern problems?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mobilita bud\u00facnosti po\u010d\u00edta s elektrinou ako jedin\u00fdm zdrojom energie pohonu. Len\u017ee u\u017e dnes sa stret\u00e1vame s po\u010detn\u00fdmi probl\u00e9mami, ktor\u00e9 rozvoju elektromobility br\u00e1nia: dlh\u00fd \u010das nab\u00edjania, nedostato\u010dn\u00e1 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara, nemo\u017enos\u0165 in\u0161tal\u00e1cie v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch nab\u00edja\u010diek do existuj\u00facich husto zastavan\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. Rie\u0161en\u00edm m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 prenosn\u00e9 rie\u0161enia na z\u00edskavanie obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov, pr\u00edpadne sol\u00e1rne gener\u00e1tory energie umiestnen\u00e9 priamo na vozidl\u00e1ch.<\/h3>\n

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N\u00e1pad poh\u00e1\u0148a\u0165 elektromobily energiou z\u00edskanou zo sol\u00e1rnych panelov nie je \u00fapln\u00e1 novinka, ale jeho realiz\u00e1cia nar\u00e1\u017ea na v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 limity. Jedno z prv\u00fdch sol\u00e1rnych vozidiel mala zna\u010dka Mercedes-Benz u\u017e v roku 1985. Sol\u00e1rny elektromobil <\/span>Mercedes-Benz\/Alpha-Real<\/b><\/span> s dvoma motormi s celkov\u00fdm v\u00fdkonom 1,8 kW dosahoval maxim\u00e1lnu r\u00fdchlos\u0165 70 km\/h a riadil ho vtedy iba 21-ro\u010dn\u00fd technik Peter Bauer. 432 sol\u00e1rnych panelov sta\u010dilo na pohon vozidla s jedin\u00fdm pasa\u017eierom \u2013 vodi\u010dom a prakticky nulovou bezpe\u010dnos\u0165ou.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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V roku 2015 sa internetom za\u010dali \u0161\u00edri\u0165 spr\u00e1vy o prvom sol\u00e1rnom vozidle, ktor\u00e9 si vyrob\u00ed viac energie, ako dok\u00e1\u017ee spotrebova\u0165. <\/span>Immortus Solar Sports Car<\/b><\/span> od EVX Ventures malo ma\u0165 sol\u00e1rne panely na celej karos\u00e9rii (7m\u00b2) a z\u00edskan\u00fa energiu skladova\u0165 v bat\u00e9rii. T\u00e1 potom poh\u00e1\u0148ala dva elektrick\u00e9 motory. Elektromobil s hmotnos\u0165ou len 550kg, d\u013a\u017ekou 5m a \u0161\u00edrkou 2m mal odviez\u0165 dvoch \u013eud\u00ed. V\u00fdrobca avizoval, \u017ee pri zachovan\u00ed r\u00fdchlosti 60km\/h sol\u00e1rne panely vyrobili viac energie, ako motor spotreboval, tak\u017ee <\/span>dojazd by bol teoreticky nekone\u010dn\u00fd<\/b><\/span>. Bat\u00e9ria disponovala kapacitou len 10kWh (Tesla Model S m\u00e1 85kWh) a s\u00fa\u010det v\u00fdkonov dvoch elektromotorov predstavoval 40kW. Nie s\u00fa to p\u00f4sobiv\u00e9 \u010d\u00edsla, ale s hmotnos\u0165ou vozidla iba pol tony by umo\u017enili zr\u00fdchlenie typick\u00e9 pre \u0161portov\u00e9 roadstery. Maxim\u00e1lny dojazd po\u010das jazdy v noci mal v\u010faka skvelej aerodynamike a n\u00edzkej hmotnosti dosahova\u0165 a\u017e 400km. Projekt auta s nekone\u010dn\u00fdm dojazdom sa ale realiz\u00e1cie nedo\u010dkal a celosvetov\u00e1 medi\u00e1lna pozornos\u0165 sa vytratila tak r\u00fdchlo, ako pri\u0161la.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Najnov\u0161ia snaha nemeckej spolo\u010dnosti Sono Motors vyzer\u00e1 nielen realisticky, dokonca na svoj sol\u00e1rny elektromobil Sion dostala vy\u0161e sedemtis\u00edc rezerv\u00e1ci\u00ed. Sol\u00e1rny elektromobil Sion avizuje menej odv\u00e1\u017ene \u010d\u00edsla ako Immortus Solar, av\u0161ak o to re\u00e1lnej\u0161ie: dojazd do 193km a 330 sol\u00e1rnych panelov schopn\u00fdch doda\u0165 energiu na 30km jazdy denne. Elektromobil m\u00e1 v\u00fdkon 80kW, maxim\u00e1lnu r\u00fdchlos\u0165 140km\/h, hmotnos\u0165 1400 a nosnos\u0165 750kg. Automobil je mo\u017en\u00e9 vybavi\u0165 \u0165a\u017en\u00fdm zariaden\u00edm a pon\u00fakne roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fa konektivitu so smartf\u00f3nmi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V \u010dase redak\u010dnej uz\u00e1vierky Sono Motors testovalo svoj elektromobil v Holandsku, pri\u010dom vstup na nemeck\u00fd trh pl\u00e1novalo na \u0161tvrt\u00fd kvart\u00e1l 2018. V predaji sa objavia dve verzie, z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 so 14,4kWh bat\u00e9riami s dojazdom 80km za 16-tis\u00edc eur a v\u00fdkonnej\u0161ia s <\/span>30kWh bat\u00e9riami s dojazdom 193km za 20-tis\u00edc eur<\/b><\/span>. Ak sa k tomu pridaj\u00fa v\u00fdhody a dot\u00e1cie od \u0161t\u00e1tu, fin\u00e1lna cena elektromobilu m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 revolu\u010dn\u00e1. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u010co hovor\u00ed fyzika?<\/h3>\n

Vyu\u017e\u00edvanie sol\u00e1rnych panelov vo ve\u013ekom u\u017e dnes rozhodne nie je sci-fi. Ve\u010f automobilky ako Tesla a Daimler akt\u00edvne vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa potenci\u00e1l sol\u00e1rnej energie na pohon tov\u00e1rn\u00ed. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 gener\u00e1cia sol\u00e1rnych panelov je vskutku vyspel\u00e1, ale nar\u00e1\u017ea na fyzik\u00e1lne hranice v\u00fdkonnosti. Takzvan\u00e1 <\/span>slne\u010dn\u00e1 kon\u0161tanta<\/i><\/span> na zemskom povrchu predstavuje energetick\u00fd potenci\u00e1l asi 1kW\/m\u00b2. Najmodernej\u0161ie panely s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 dosahova\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 22%. Zatia\u013e najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 pon\u00fakaj\u00fa produkty od SolarCity (22,04%) a Panasonic (22,5%). To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00fdkon jedn\u00e9ho sol\u00e1rneho panela s povrchom 1m<\/span>2<\/span><\/sup> predstavuje okolo 200W, \u010do je spotreba \u0161tyroch halog\u00e9nov\u00fdch \u017eiaroviek v aute. Je teda zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee na pohon modern\u00fdch v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch elektromobilov sol\u00e1rne panely sta\u010di\u0165 nem\u00f4\u017eu. S\u00fa v\u0161ak re\u00e1lnym doplnkom k existuj\u00facemu princ\u00edpu rekuper\u00e1cie energie pri spoma\u013eovan\u00ed auta. Objavuj\u00fa sa inform\u00e1cie o tom, \u017ee vedeck\u00e9 t\u00edmy odhalili recept na zdvojn\u00e1sobenie tejto \u00fa\u010dinnosti, zatia\u013e s\u00fa to v\u0161ak iba laborat\u00f3rne experimenty bez komer\u010dn\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Vedci neust\u00e1le nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa nov\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby, ako spravi\u0165 bat\u00e9rie silnej\u0161\u00edmi, motory efekt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00edmi a sp\u00f4soby z\u00edskavania energie \u010distej\u0161\u00edmi. Na svet, v ktorom bude mobilita stopercentne poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00e1 obnovite\u013en\u00fdmi zdrojmi, budeme musie\u0165 chv\u00ed\u013eu po\u010dka\u0165.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mobilita bud\u00facnosti po\u010d\u00edta s elektrinou ako jedin\u00fdm zdrojom energie pohonu. Len\u017ee u\u017e dnes sa stret\u00e1vame s po\u010detn\u00fdmi probl\u00e9mami, ktor\u00e9 rozvoju elektromobility br\u00e1nia: dlh\u00fd \u010das nab\u00edjania,<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6038","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6038","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6038"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6038\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6038"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6038"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6038"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}