{"id":6071,"date":"2019-01-22T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-01-21T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/preco-je-takmer-nemozne-prejst-na-bicykli-60-km-za-jednu-hodinu-odpoveda-veda\/"},"modified":"2019-01-22T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2019-01-21T23:00:00","slug":"preco-je-takmer-nemozne-prejst-na-bicykli-60-km-za-jednu-hodinu-odpoveda-veda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/preco-je-takmer-nemozne-prejst-na-bicykli-60-km-za-jednu-hodinu-odpoveda-veda\/","title":{"rendered":"Why is it almost impossible to cycle 60 km in one hour? Science answers."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Mo\u017eno si poviete: \u201eAle ve\u010f \u00eds\u0165 r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou 60 km\/h nie je na bicykli ni\u010d v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00e9.\u201c<br \/>\nA budete ma\u0165 pravdu, ono to skuto\u010dne nie je a\u017e tak n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. Napriek tomu je takmer nemo\u017en\u00e9 prejs\u0165 za jednu hodinu 60 kilometrov. Prie\u010di sa to zdrav\u00e9mu rozumu? Matematike mo\u017eno \u00e1no, ale nie realite, ktor\u00e1 mus\u00ed nevyhnutne zoh\u013ead\u0148ova\u0165 aj v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 limity \u013eudskej bytosti.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd rekord v prejazdenej vzdialenosti na bicykli za jednu hodinu je <strong>54,526 kilometra<\/strong>. V \u017eenskej kateg\u00f3rii je s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd svetov\u00fd rekord <strong>48,008 kilometra<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4\u017ee niekto tieto \u010d\u00edsla dramaticky prekona\u0165? Je to v\u00f4bec mo\u017en\u00e9? Dnes v\u00e1m objasn\u00edme, <strong>pre\u010do je prakticky nemo\u017en\u00e9 prejs\u0165 na bicykli za jednu hodinu viac ako 60 kilometrov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Jeden z autorov zahrani\u010dn\u00e9ho magaz\u00ednu Wired vysk\u00fa\u0161al na vlastnej ko\u017ei, \u010di dok\u00e1\u017ee prejs\u0165 na bicykli za jednu hodinu vzdialenos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 by sa aspo\u0148 trocha pribli\u017eovala avizovan\u00fdm \u0161es\u0165desiatim kilometrom. Zistil, \u017ee pre neho ako pre pr\u00edle\u017eitostn\u00e9ho cyklistu, pritom v\u0161ak \u0161portovo zalo\u017een\u00e9ho \u010dloveka, je to doslova nemo\u017en\u00e9. V\u0161etko zachytil na video, ktor\u00e9 priklad\u00e1me na koniec tohto \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Aktu\u00e1lny rekord 54,526 kilometra toti\u017e nie je iba v\u00fdsledkom odhodlanosti jeho uskuto\u010dnite\u013ea. V nemalej miere za to v\u010fa\u010d\u00ed tr\u00e9nerom, kon\u0161trukt\u00e9rom a dizajn\u00e9rom, ktor\u00ed sa na rekorde podie\u013eali vo v\u00fdznamnej miere a\u017e do najmen\u0161\u00edch detailov. <strong>\u017diadny detail nie je nepodstatn\u00fd<\/strong>, pr\u00e1ve naopak. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na v\u0161etkom, preto cyklisti tejto \u0161pecifickej discipl\u00edny tr\u00e9nuj\u00fa vo vetern\u00fdch tuneloch, d\u00f4sledne sk\u00famaj\u00fa a hodnotia poz\u00edciu vlastn\u00e9ho tela po\u010das \u0161portov\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu, tvar, rozmery a kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00e9 vyhotovenie bicykla a mnoho \u010fal\u0161ieho. Koles\u00e1, prilba, oble\u010denie, obuv, okuliare, v\u00fdplne kolies.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm faktorom je pritom st\u00e1le v\u00fdkon \u0161portovca. To je sila, ktor\u00fa je schopn\u00fd vyv\u00edja\u0165 po\u010das ur\u010dit\u00e9ho \u010dasov\u00e9ho \u00faseku. V tomto pr\u00edpade cel\u00fdch 60 min\u00fat.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pre porovnanie, <strong>be\u017en\u00fd cyklista<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd r\u00e1no jazd\u00ed do pr\u00e1ce alebo rekrea\u010dne popri rieke, <strong>m\u00e1 v\u00fdkon okolo 100 wattov<\/strong>. <strong>Profesion\u00e1lny cyklista<\/strong> m\u00e1 pri \u0161purte v\u00fdkon <strong>2 000 wattov<\/strong>, ale iba po\u010das ve\u013emi kr\u00e1tkej doby. Pokia\u013e m\u00e1me z\u00e1ujem o prejdenie \u010do najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej vzdialenosti za jednu hodinu, teda dlh\u00fd \u010dasov\u00fd \u00fasek, budeme potrebova\u0165 celkom <strong>nov\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 schopnosti koncentrova\u0165 sa<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Na dosiahnutie aktu\u00e1lneho mu\u017esk\u00e9ho rekordu bolo potrebn\u00e9 vynaklada\u0165 v\u00fdkon <strong>440 wattov po\u010das celej hodiny<\/strong>. Ke\u010f si tak\u00fdto v\u00fdkon vysk\u00fa\u0161al vy\u0161\u0161ie zmienen\u00fd autor z Wired.com, podarilo sa mu ho dod\u00e1va\u0165 cel\u00fdch 45 sek\u00fand. Potrebn\u00e1 je v\u0161ak hodina na to, aby dosiahol aspo\u0148 s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd rekord.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u010co cyklisti pri tomto extr\u00e9mnom vyp\u00e4t\u00ed c\u00edtia, je <strong>\u010dist\u00e1 hlbok\u00e1 boles\u0165<\/strong>, takzvan\u00fd <strong><em>Pain Cave<\/em><\/strong>. Ako dlho cyklista vydr\u017e\u00ed odol\u00e1va\u0165, ur\u010duje v\u00ed\u0165aza.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Aby sa mu to podarilo v priebehu celej jednej hodiny, mus\u00ed ma\u0165 nielen perfektne zvl\u00e1dnut\u00fd tr\u00e9ning, ale by\u0165 aj fyzicky nadan\u00fd \u201eod pr\u00edrody\u201c. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm parametrom v dosahovan\u00ed skvel\u00fdch v\u00fdkonov je vysok\u00e9 <strong>VO2 max<\/strong>. Jedn\u00e1 sa o parameter hovoriaci o tom, ako dobre dok\u00e1\u017ee telo absorbova\u0165 kysl\u00edk zo vzduchu cez p\u013e\u00faca. VO2 max m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00fd vplyv na to, ko\u013eko energie je \u0161portovej schopn\u00fd vynaklada\u0165. Fyzicky zdatn\u00fd jedinec m\u00f4\u017ee dosahova\u0165 okolo 52 mililitrov kysl\u00edka na kilogram telesnej hmotnosti za jednu min\u00fatu. \u017deny dosahuj\u00face cyklistick\u00e9 rekordy dosahuj\u00fa \u00farovne 73 ml kysl\u00edka, mu\u017ei e\u0161te viac.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Aj schopnos\u0165 vysok\u00e9ho VO2 max si v\u0161ak \u0161portovci dok\u00e1\u017eu udr\u017ea\u0165 po\u010das relat\u00edvnej kr\u00e1tkej doby asi desa\u0165 min\u00fat, pri hodinovom vyp\u00e4t\u00ed s\u00edl vstupuje do hry pojem ako\u00a0<em>anaer\u00f3bny prah<\/em>. Je naz\u00fdvan\u00fd aj <em>bod zlomu<\/em> or <em>deflek\u010dn\u00fd bod. <\/em>Aby sa tento anaer\u00f3bny prah odhalil, meria sa mno\u017estvo lakt\u00e1tu v krvi. Ak ho je v krvi prive\u013ea, maxim\u00e1lne vynakladan\u00e9 \u00fasilie nebude m\u00f4c\u0165 trva\u0165 dlho.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Samostatnou kapitolou v tr\u00e9ningu s\u00fa <strong>sk\u00fa\u0161ky v \u0161pecializovan\u00fdch laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1ch s vetern\u00fdmi tunelmi<\/strong>, senzormi, kamerami a tr\u00e9nermi. Sleduje sa ka\u017ed\u00e1 mali\u010dkos\u0165, ako napr\u00edklad sklon cyklistu, sp\u00f4sob ulo\u017eenia jeho r\u00fak, z\u00e1klon hlavy a mno\u017estvo \u010fal\u0161\u00edch drobnost\u00ed. Zmenou v\u00fd\u0161ky posedu napr\u00edklad o dva centimetre mo\u017eno dosiahnu\u0165 o p\u00e4\u0165 percent ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed odpor vzduchu, \u010do m\u00e1 v hodinov\u00fdch pretekoch vplyv na kone\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdsledok.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u010ealej prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na rad fyzick\u00e9 vylep\u0161enia bicyklov. V\u00fdplne kolies, zni\u017eovanie hmotnosti bicykla \u010di aerodynamick\u00e9 rukov\u00e4te, ktor\u00e9 stoja tis\u00edce eur.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>V nemalej miere sa na v\u00fdkone \u0161portovca podie\u013eaj\u00fa aj vlastnosti dr\u00e1hy, na ktorej jazd\u00ed. Nadmorsk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka, materi\u00e1l podkladu, ro\u010dn\u00e9 obdobie, to v\u0161etko m\u00e1 vplyv na \u010d\u00edslo, ktor\u00e9 sa po hodine nepretr\u017eitej jazdy objav\u00ed na digit\u00e1lnych hodin\u00e1ch. Po\u010das jazdy cyklista nem\u00e1 po\u0148atia, akou ide r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou, ko\u013eko u\u017e pre\u0161iel alebo ko\u013eko \u010dasu mu zost\u00e1va do konca. Ak cyklista jazd\u00ed v Colorade, bude ma\u0165 in\u00fd v\u00fdkon ako v in\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch USA s odli\u0161nou nadmorskou v\u00fd\u0161kou. Ak sa men\u00ed hustota vzduchu, na jednej strane sa zni\u017euje aerodynamick\u00fd odpor, na strane druhej nie je cyklista schopn\u00fd absorbova\u0165 zo vzduchu dostato\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo kysl\u00edka, aby podal maxim\u00e1lny mo\u017en\u00fd v\u00fdkon.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Aby sa dosiahol okr\u00fahly rekord 60 kilometrov za hodinu, musel by \u0161portovec v priebehu cel\u00e9ho \u010dasu produkova\u0165 v\u00fdkon 450 wattov, cel\u00fd \u010das by musel zotrva\u0165 v nekomfortnej aerodynamickej poz\u00edcii a musel by svoj v\u00fdkon lokalizova\u0165 v \u0161t\u00e1te Aguascalientes, \u010do je jeden z feder\u00e1lnych \u0161t\u00e1tov Mexika. Pr\u00e1ve tam s\u00fa toti\u017e ide\u00e1lne podmienky pre dosahovanie najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdkonov.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bez oh\u013eadu na to, \u017ee <strong>pokorenie 60-kilometrov\u00e9ho rekordu je takmer nemo\u017en\u00e9<\/strong>, u\u017e dnes dosahuj\u00fa cyklisti a ich t\u00edmy neuverite\u013en\u00e9 v\u00fdkony, ktor\u00e9 nemaj\u00fa v hist\u00f3rii \u013eudstva obdobu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/player-backend.cnevids.com\/script\/video\/5c380b3340f948211d000000.js?iu=\/3379\/thescene.dart\/watch\/share\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mo\u017eno si poviete: \u201eAle ve\u010f \u00eds\u0165 r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou 60 km\/h nie je na bicykli ni\u010d v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00e9.\u201c A budete ma\u0165 pravdu, ono to skuto\u010dne nie je a\u017e<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6071","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6071"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6071\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6071"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6071"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6071"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}