{"id":6262,"date":"2019-08-30T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-08-29T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/amazonsky-prales-stale-hori-a-spolu-s-nim-lesy-na-celom-svete\/"},"modified":"2019-08-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2019-08-29T23:00:00","slug":"amazonsky-prales-stale-hori-a-spolu-s-nim-lesy-na-celom-svete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/amazonsky-prales-stale-hori-a-spolu-s-nim-lesy-na-celom-svete\/","title":{"rendered":"Amazonsk\u00fd prales st\u00e1le hor\u00ed a spolu s n\u00edm lesy na celom svete"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Aktu\u00e1lne dianie v Ju\u017enej Amerike st\u00e1le nenasved\u010duje tomu, \u017ee by sa v nasleduj\u00facich d\u0148och situ\u00e1cia v\u00fdrazne zlep\u0161ila. Na pomoc bola vyslan\u00e1 arm\u00e1da a zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee u\u017e aj braz\u00edlsky prezident Jair Bolsonaro si za\u010d\u00edna uvedomova\u0165 drastick\u00fd dopad po\u017eiarov na krajinu. Lesn\u00e9 po\u017eiare s\u00edce nie s\u00fa v Amaz\u00f3nii ni\u010d\u00edm nov\u00fdm, ale rozsah s\u00fa\u010dasnej katastrofy je bezprecedentn\u00fd. Obnova lesov bude trva\u0165 stovky rokov.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Amaz\u00f3nia a Sib\u00edr nie s\u00fa jedin\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p>Po\u017eiar v Amazonskom pralese ale ani z\u010faleka nie je jedin\u00fd. Na Sib\u00edri horeli lesy s rozlohou 5,5 mili\u00f3na hekt\u00e1rov (55 000 km2), pri\u010dom st\u00e1le je akt\u00edvnych viac ako 70 po\u017eiarov. v \u0161tyroch sib\u00edrskych oblastiach (najm\u00e4 v Krasnojarskej, Irkutskej a Magadanskej). Na\u010falej je v nich vyhl\u00e1sen\u00fd mimoriadny stav, hoci jednotliv\u00e9 po\u017eiare pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00fa u\u017e tri mesiace.<\/p>\n<p>Sib\u00edr bola zasiahnut\u00e1 po\u017eiarmi v priam nev\u00eddanom rozsahu, \u010do sa prejavilo aj uvo\u013enen\u00ed enormn\u00e9ho mno\u017estva oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho do atmosf\u00e9ry. Oblak dymu mal \u00fadajne rozlohu a\u017e 5 mili\u00f3nov \u0161tvorcov\u00fdch kilometrov. Len pre porovnanie, Slovensk\u00e1 republika m\u00e1 rozlohu 49 035 km2.<\/p>\n<p>Tieto po\u017eiare s\u00fa nebezpe\u010dnej\u0161ie aj o to, \u017ee sa \u010dasto vyskytuj\u00fa na lokalit\u00e1ch nepr\u00edstupn\u00fdch pre hasi\u010dsk\u00fa techniku, s nedostato\u010dn\u00fdmi resp. nevhodn\u00fdmi zdrojmi vody pre hasenie, vy\u017eaduj\u00fa si enormn\u00e9 nasadenie po\u010dtu \u013eud\u00ed, \u0161peci\u00e1lnej hasi\u010dskej a niekedy i leteckej techniky. (<em>zdroj: Katrenova.S, 2006<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p>Po\u010das po\u017eiarov vo svete pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00facich od j\u00fana pod\u013ea v\u0161etk\u00e9ho \u013eahlo popolom a\u017e 13,1 mili\u00f3na hekt\u00e1rov zeme, pri\u010dom do atmosf\u00e9ry bolo uvo\u013enen\u00fdch viac ako 79 mili\u00f3nov ton oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho. Pod\u013ea prepo\u010dtov tak\u00fdto objem CO2 vyprodukuje 39 mili\u00f3nov \u00e1ut, av\u0161ak bez uvedenia \u010dasov\u00e9ho obdobia.<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>Aktu\u00e1lna mapa po\u017eiarov vo svete<\/h3>\n<p>Aby ste mali lep\u0161iu predstavu o tom, ako moment\u00e1lne vyzer\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia s po\u017eiarmi vo svete, pozrite sa na t\u00fato interakt\u00edvnu mapu. Jedn\u00e1 sa mapu organiz\u00e1cie Global Forest Watch Fires a poh\u013ead na \u0148u odha\u013euje krut\u00fa realitu. M\u00f4\u017eeme na nej vidie\u0165, \u017ee ve\u013ek\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 Sib\u00edri je u\u017e uhasen\u00e1, ale Rusko bojuje s oh\u0148om aj na\u010falej.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie lesn\u00e9 po\u017eiare s\u00fa na mape zv\u00fdraznen\u00e9, m\u00f4\u017eeme sledova\u0165 nieko\u013eko v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161\u00edch po\u017eiarov v \u0160panielsku, Gr\u00e9cku, Taliansku, Nemecku, Bulharsku, Rumunsku, vo Franc\u00fazsku, ale aj v Ju\u017enej Afrike, Severnej Amerike \u010di v \u010c\u00edne.<\/p>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/fires.globalforestwatch.org\/map\/#activeLayers=viirsFires%2CactiveFires&amp;activeBasemap=dark-gray&amp;activeImagery=&amp;planetCategory=PLANET-MONTHLY&amp;planetPeriod=null&amp;x=83.345426&amp;y=22.461405&amp;z=3\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Nieko\u013eko po\u017eiarov je aktu\u00e1lne registrovan\u00fdch <strong>aj na Slovensku<\/strong>, konkr\u00e9tne v Bratislavskom kraji, pri Ko\u0161iciach, v Dolnom Kub\u00edne, pri Rajci \u010di Jel\u0161ave.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u010co sa deje pri po\u017eiari lesa?<\/h3>\n<p>Horenie pri lesnom po\u017eiari sa d\u00e1 charakterizova\u0165 ako horenie cel\u00e9ho s\u00faboru organick\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov, z ktor\u00fdch je zlo\u017een\u00fd lesn\u00fd porast.<\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f v lese vypukne po\u017eiar, p\u00f4sob\u00ed na dreviny vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u017eiar a nast\u00e1va \u010diasto\u010dn\u00e9 alebo aj celkov\u00e9 odumieranie podk\u00f4rnych plet\u00edv, pr\u00edpadne aj cel\u00e9ho stromu. \u017div\u00e9 bunky v lyku za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa odumiera\u0165 u\u017e pri teplote <strong>vy\u0161\u0161ej ne\u017e 54 \u00b0C<\/strong> and <strong>pri teplote 80 \u2013 150 \u00b0C doch\u00e1dza k strate v\u0161etkej vody<\/strong> v pletiv\u00e1ch i dreve.<\/p>\n<p>Ak p\u00f4sobenie plame\u0148a s teplotou 250 \u00b0C trv\u00e1 dlh\u0161\u00ed \u010das, z dreva za\u010dn\u00fa unika\u0165 hor\u013eav\u00e9 plyny a <strong>drevo sa samo zap\u00e1li pri teplote okolo 300 \u00b0C<\/strong>. Pri teplote nad 450 \u00b0C sa vznietia plyny, unikaj\u00face z dreva u\u017e pri kontakte s vonkaj\u0161\u00edm vzduchom a <strong>pri teplote nad 600 \u00b0C sa drevo samo st\u00e1va zdrojom horenia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Teplota plame\u0148a horiaceho dreva dosahuje 700 \u2013 800 \u00b0C<\/strong>. Pri horen\u00ed koruny ihli\u010dnat\u00e9ho stromu vznikaj\u00fa teploty okolo 1 000 \u00b0C s v\u00fd\u0161kou plame\u0148a a\u017e 100 metrov. Pri horen\u00ed ihli\u010dnat\u00e9ho lesa dosahuje teplota v plameni hodnotu a\u017e 1 300 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n<p>Pri lesnom po\u017eiari doch\u00e1dza k v\u00fdmene plynov, \u010do cel\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu e\u0161te zhor\u0161uje. Atmosferick\u00fd vzduch vnik\u00e1 do p\u00e1sma horenia a vytl\u00e1\u010da vzniknut\u00e9 ohriate splodiny horenia, nako\u013eko vzniknut\u00e9 ohriate splodiny horenia maj\u00fa men\u0161iu hustotu ako atmosferick\u00fd vzduch.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdmena plynov pri po\u017eiari je priamo \u00famern\u00e1 ploche po\u017eiaru, teplote v p\u00e1sme horenia a r\u00fdchlosti vetra, pri\u010dom pri lesn\u00fdch po\u017eiaroch m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v\u00fdmena plynov a\u017e cez 15 metrov za sekundu.\u00a0(<em>zdroj: Katrenova.S, 2006<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lesn\u00e9 po\u017eiare patria k najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm pr\u00edrodn\u00fdm katastrof\u00e1m.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6262","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6262","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6262"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6262\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6262"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6262"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6262"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}