{"id":6356,"date":"2019-12-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-16T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/indonezia-krajina-mnohych-rozdielov-no-zaroven-velkej-jednoty\/"},"modified":"2019-12-17T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2019-12-16T23:00:00","slug":"indonezia-krajina-mnohych-rozdielov-no-zaroven-velkej-jednoty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/indonezia-krajina-mnohych-rozdielov-no-zaroven-velkej-jednoty\/","title":{"rendered":"Indon\u00e9zia \u2013 krajina mnoh\u00fdch rozdielov, no z\u00e1rove\u0148 ve\u013ekej jednoty"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00e9ma <\/b>n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1 je ve\u013emi citliv\u00e1 bez oh\u013eadu na to, v\u00a0ktorej krajine sa nach\u00e1dzate. Nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom \u010di ste moslim, kres\u0165an alebo neveriaci, st\u00e1le je to nie\u010do, \u010do je pre v\u00e1s tak trochu s\u00fakromn\u00e9 a\u00a0d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9. Ke\u010f je re\u010d o\u00a0n\u00e1bo\u017eenstve, tak za pozastavenie stoj\u00ed aj krajina bielych pl\u00e1\u017ei, n\u00e1dhernej pr\u00edrody, a\u00a0exotiky. Ide o\u00a0krajinu tis\u00edcich ostrovov \u2013 o\u00a0Indon\u00e9ziu. Nielen biele pl\u00e1\u017ee, ale aj n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo je nie\u010do, nad \u010d\u00edm sa ka\u017ed\u00fd pozastav\u00ed, toti\u017eto ve\u013ea \u013eud\u00ed ani len netu\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee Indon\u00e9zia je najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia moslimsk\u00e1 krajina sveta. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Krajina, ktor\u00fa pozn\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina Slov\u00e1kov v\u010faka Bali \u2013 ostrov v\u00a0Indon\u00e9zii, ktor\u00fd sa ako jedin\u00fd v\u00a0krajine najviac pribli\u017euje eur\u00f3pskemu \u017eivotn\u00e9mu \u0161t\u00fdlu. Je to sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 najm\u00e4 ve\u013ek\u00fdm n\u00e1valom turistov, ktor\u00ed prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z\u00a0Eur\u00f3py, no aj z\u00a0ostatn\u00fdch kraj\u00edn \u00c1zie. Ke\u010f\u017ee ide o\u00a0hinduistick\u00fd ostrov a\u00a0turizmus hra ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu v\u00a0\u017eivotoch miestneho obyvate\u013estva (najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch zdroj ich pr\u00edjmov), neost\u00e1valo im ni\u010d in\u00e9 ako sa prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 z\u00e1padn\u00fdm kult\u00faram. Aj napriek vysok\u00e9mu turizmu si ostrov zanechal svoju kult\u00faru a\u00a0n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo, na ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa patri\u010dne hrd\u00ed. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00edm zauj\u00edmav\u00fdm kult\u00farnym a\u00a0hlavne n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm rozdielom je ostrov Java \u2013 naj\u013eudnatej\u0161\u00ed ostrov sveta. Miesto, ktor\u00e9 nie je a\u017e tak turistick\u00e9, no aj napriek tomu pon\u00faka ve\u013emi ve\u013ea. N\u00e1jdete tam najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed budhistick\u00fd chr\u00e1m sveta<\/strong>, zvan\u00fd Borobudur<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd sa nach\u00e1dza ne\u010faleko od kult\u00farneho mesta Yogyakarta<\/strong> v\u00a0centr\u00e1lnej \u010dasti ostrova.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n Borobudur (zdroj: Wikimedia Commons, Gunawan Kartapranata)\n

Indon\u00e9zii sa hovor\u00ed aj krajina tis\u00edcich rozdielov<\/i>, preto\u017ee pon\u00faka ve\u013emi pestr\u00fa \u0161k\u00e1lu jazykov, kult\u00far, kme\u0148ov, \u010di n\u00e1bo\u017eenstiev. Ako je u\u017e vy\u0161\u0161ie spomenut\u00fd hinduistick\u00fd ostrov Bali, rovnako spomeniem aj Javu, ktor\u00e1 je preva\u017ene moslimsk\u00fd ostrov, kde sa dokonca nach\u00e1dza aj najstar\u0161ia me\u0161ita Indon\u00e9zie. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Vzh\u013eadom na to, \u017ee Indon\u00e9zia je moslimsk\u00e1 krajina pre m\u0148a ako kres\u0165anku je ve\u013emi zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 sledova\u0165 ich kult\u00faru, n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo a\u00a0sp\u00f4sob \u017eivota. Indon\u00e9zania s\u00fa v\u00a0porovnan\u00ed so Slov\u00e1kmi ove\u013ea n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej\u0161ie zalo\u017een\u00ed \u013eudia. Nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, \u010di s\u00fa kres\u0165ania, budhisti, alebo moslimovia, v\u0161etci pristupuj\u00fa k\u00a0n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvu zodpovedne, \u010do sa odr\u00e1\u017ea aj na ich ka\u017edodenn\u00fdch aktivit\u00e1ch a\u00a0\u017eivotnom \u0161t\u00fdle.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u0148a najviac zaujal islam, ke\u010f\u017ee to pre m\u0148a bola \u00faplne nov\u00e1 sk\u00fasenos\u0165, nepozn\u00e1m ich zvyky, nepozn\u00e1m ich kult\u00faru. Pripad\u00e1m si tu ako mal\u00e9 die\u0165a, ktor\u00e9 sa u\u010d\u00ed v\u0161etko od za\u010diatku. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z\u00a0n\u00e1s Slov\u00e1kov nepozn\u00e1 ritu\u00e1ly moslimov, a\u00a0preto som sa rozhodla op\u00edsa\u0165 ich. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, \u010di ide o\u00a0mal\u00e9ho chlapca alebo postar\u0161ieho p\u00e1na, \u010di dokonca o\u00a0\u017eenu v\u00a0stredn\u00fdch rokoch; v\u0161etci si svoje n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo v\u00e1\u017eia a\u00a0sna\u017eia sa tak aj spr\u00e1va\u0165, jednoducho povedan\u00e9 nie s\u00fa to iba pr\u00e1zdne slov\u00e1, ale aj skutky. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Modlenie je pre nich ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, preto\u017ee je to sp\u00f4sob ako sa m\u00f4\u017eu spoji\u0165 so svoj\u00edm bohom, a\u00a0preto za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 rannou modlitbou a\u00a0ukon\u010dia ho rovnako. Modlenie pre nich neznamen\u00e1 povinnos\u0165, ale lep\u0161ie povedan\u00e9 terapiu, po\u010das ktorej sa m\u00f4\u017eu porozpr\u00e1va\u0165 s\u00a0Alahom a\u00a0prenies\u0165 sa aspo\u0148 na kr\u00e1tky \u010das do in\u00e9ho sveta. Ofici\u00e1lne sa modlia 5-kr\u00e1t za de\u0148 na \u010do maj\u00fa aj vy\u010dlenen\u00fd \u010das, no pomedzi to v\u017edy myslia na modlitbu.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

5 hlavn\u00fdch modlen\u00ed po\u010das jedn\u00e9ho d\u0148a:<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
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    Prv\u00e9 modlenie (Fajr)<\/b> mus\u00ed by\u0165 e\u0161te pred v\u00fdchodom slnka, a tak v\u0161etci tu vst\u00e1vaj\u00fa o\u00a0\u0161tvrtej r\u00e1no, resp. z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed kedy vych\u00e1dza slnko, preto\u017ee Indon\u00e9zia sa nach\u00e1dza vo viacer\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch p\u00e1smach. Aj napriek tomu, \u017ee je t\u00e1to rann\u00e1 hodina pre n\u00e1s Eur\u00f3panov ve\u013emi skor\u00e1, ich de\u0148 sa za\u010d\u00edna naplno. Ak ste v\u00a0Indon\u00e9zii ako turista, nenechajte sa prekvapi\u0165 r\u00e1no pred \u0161tvrtou volan\u00edm z\u00a0me\u0161ity, ktor\u00e9 v\u00e1s m\u00f4\u017ee zobudi\u0165. Niektor\u00ed sa dokonca modlia u\u017e aj o\u00a0druhej r\u00e1no, preto\u017ee veria, \u017ee ke\u010f v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed sp\u00ed, tak maj\u00fa viacej priestoru pre seba a\u00a0pre Alaha. Modlia sa bu\u010f doma alebo v\u00a0me\u0161ite, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou iba mu\u017ei.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

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      Druh\u00e9 modlenie (Dhuhr) <\/b>je o\u00a0dvan\u00e1stej na obed, po\u010das ktor\u00e9ho sa v\u0161etci modlia, \u010di\u017ee svet akoby sa zastavil a\u00a0piatok o\u00a0tomto \u010dase je ve\u013ek\u00e9 piatkov\u00e9 modlenie, <\/i>\u010do je nie\u010do ako nede\u013ea pre kres\u0165ana. V\u0161etci mu\u017ei id\u00fa o\u00a0dvan\u00e1stej na obed do me\u0161ity. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

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        Tretie modlenie<\/b> (Asr) <\/b>je o\u00a0tretej.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

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          \u0160tvrt\u00e9 modlenie (Maghrib)<\/b> je o\u00a0piatej a je dos\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 a\u00a0na ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1te \u010das od piatej do siedmej ve\u010dera, s\u00a0t\u00fdm, \u017ee modli\u0165 sa m\u00f4\u017eete spolu s\u00a0va\u0161imi kamar\u00e1tmi, rodinou alebo k\u00fdmko\u013evek chcete, a\u00a0popritom tr\u00e1vite \u010das spolu a\u00a0nie\u010do si zajete. S\u00fa to pre nich ve\u013emi pr\u00edjemn\u00e9 momenty, ke\u010f\u017ee ich m\u00f4\u017eu str\u00e1vi\u0165 v\u00a0kruhu najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

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            Piate modlenie<\/b> (Isha)<\/b> o\u00a0siedmej ve\u010der, ktor\u00e9 vlastne trv\u00e1 do nasleduj\u00faceho rann\u00e9ho modlenia pred v\u00fdchodom slnka. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            V\u0161etky tieto ritu\u00e1ly trvaj\u00fa pribli\u017ene 5 a\u017e 15 min\u00fat, no samozrejme je to ve\u013emi individu\u00e1lne. Pristupuj\u00fa k\u00a0tomu ve\u013emi zodpovedne.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            Tak ako sa kres\u0165ania pre\u017eehn\u00e1vaj\u00fa, tak aj moslimovia maj\u00fa svoj ritu\u00e1l a t\u00fdm je um\u00fdvanie sa. Um\u00fdvaj\u00fa si nohy, ruky a tv\u00e1r a a\u017e potom sa m\u00f4\u017eu modli\u0165. \u017deny po\u010das modlitby pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u0161peci\u00e1lny oblek, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 zakry\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fa jednu \u010das\u0165 tela tak, aby nebolo vidie\u0165 jeho krivky, preto\u017ee by to mohlo rozpty\u013eova\u0165 opa\u010dn\u00e9 pohlavie, no a mu\u017ei nosia namiesto nohav\u00edc nie\u010do ako sukne, ale len v pr\u00edpade, \u017ee na sebe maj\u00fa kr\u00e1tke nohavice, ktor\u00e9 siahaj\u00fa nad kolen\u00e1 a za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa pod pupkom (spr\u00e1vne by mali by\u0165 nad pupkom \u2013 pre tento pr\u00edpad je tu \u201esuk\u0148a\u201c). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            Takto vyzer\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 u\u00a0v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny moslimov v\u00a0Indon\u00e9zii. \u010eal\u0161ou zauj\u00edmavos\u0165ou je, \u017ee sa modlia aj pred za\u010dat\u00edm nejakej ofici\u00e1lnej oslavy, predstavenia, \u010di dokonca pred vyu\u010dovac\u00edmi hodinami, rovnako ke\u010f jedia, \u010di sadaj\u00fa do auta, skr\u00e1tka v\u017edy, ke\u010f za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa nejak\u00fa aktivitu, no v\u00a0t\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch ide o\u00a0ve\u013emi kr\u00e1tke modlitby, kde \u010fakuj\u00fa za pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 alebo prosia o\u00a0pomoc. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            Samozrejme, s\u00fa tu aj in\u00e9 zauj\u00edmavosti, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa s\u00a0t\u00fdm spojen\u00e9, ako napr\u00edklad nepou\u017e\u00edvanie \u013eavej ruky. Raz sa mi dokonca stalo, \u017ee som nie\u010do pod\u00e1vala pr\u00e1ve \u013eavou rukou, no z\u00a0ich reakcie a\u00a0poh\u013eadu som hne\u010f pochopila, \u017ee si mus\u00edm ruky vymeni\u0165.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

            Vedeli ste, \u017ee..?<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
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              Indon\u00e9zania veria na duchov bez oh\u013eadu na vek<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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              Povery s\u00fa pre nich s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou \u017eivota a\u00a0\u010dastokr\u00e1t sa pod\u013ea nich aj riadia<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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              Po\u010das ve\u010dern\u00e9ho modlenia Maghrib by mali osta\u0165 deti vn\u00fatri, preto\u017ee zl\u00ed duchovia v\u00a0tom \u010dase behaj\u00fa po vonku<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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              Do Indon\u00e9zie priniesla Islam arabsk\u00e9 kol\u00f3nie<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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              Brav\u010dov\u00e9 m\u00e4so tu nen\u00e1jdete takmer nikde, preto\u017ee ho nepova\u017euj\u00fa za \u201e\u010dist\u00e9\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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              Psov maj\u00fa iba ve\u013emi zriedka, preto\u017ee pod\u013ea\u00a0Kor\u00e1nu pes nie je a\u017e tak\u00e9 \u010dist\u00e9 zviera ako ma\u010dka, ktor\u00e1 sa vie umy\u0165 sama <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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              V\u00a0ob\u010dianskom preukaze maj\u00fa v\u0161etci uveden\u00e9 aj n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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              Na ka\u017edej \u010derpacej stanici sa nach\u00e1dza mushola<\/i>, \u010do je alternat\u00edvna verzia me\u0161ity<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

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              N\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo je nie\u010do, \u010do \u013eud\u00ed sp\u00e1ja, no z\u00e1rove\u0148 ich aj rozde\u013euje, preto by sme mali by\u0165 tolerantn\u00ed vo\u010di r\u00f4znorodosti a re\u0161pektova\u0165 sa navz\u00e1jom. Ako hovor\u00ed ofici\u00e1lne indon\u00e9zske motto Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, <\/i>\u010do v\u00a0preklade znamen\u00e1 Ve\u013ea, ale jeden.<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

              ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Vedeli ste, \u017ee obyvatelia Indon\u00e9zie sa modlia p\u00e4\u0165kr\u00e1t denne a ich n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00fd vplyv na ich \u017eivoty?<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6356","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6356","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6356"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6356\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6356"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6356"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6356"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}