{"id":6367,"date":"2020-01-07T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-06T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/australia-celi-masovemu-vymieraniu-druhov-dialo-sa-aj-v-minulosti-no-teraz-je-to-ine\/"},"modified":"2020-01-07T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2020-01-06T23:00:00","slug":"australia-celi-masovemu-vymieraniu-druhov-dialo-sa-aj-v-minulosti-no-teraz-je-to-ine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/australia-celi-masovemu-vymieraniu-druhov-dialo-sa-aj-v-minulosti-no-teraz-je-to-ine\/","title":{"rendered":"Austr\u00e1lia \u010del\u00ed masov\u00e9mu vymieraniu druhov. Dialo sa aj v minulosti, no teraz je to in\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tituln\u00e1 fotografia: 3D vizualiz\u00e1cia Austr\u00e1lie a jej po\u017eiarov, aktu\u00e1lnych aj u\u017e uhasen\u00fdch. T\u00e1to vizualiz\u00e1cia je \u010dasto nespr\u00e1vne prezentovan\u00e1 ako fotografia z Medzin\u00e1rodnej vesm\u00edrnej stanice ISS.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Odborn\u00edci varuj\u00fa pred hrozbou masov\u00e9ho vymierania druhov zvierat a rastl\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Jedno tak\u00e9 teraz priamo ohrozuje Austr\u00e1liu a t\u00e1 sa m\u00f4\u017ee sta\u0165 ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom toho, ako r\u00fdchlo sa tak drastick\u00e9 zmeny m\u00f4\u017eu udia\u0165. V minulosti pritom u\u017e podobn\u00e9 rozsiahle po\u017eiare formovali tv\u00e1r s\u00fa\u010dasnosti, napr\u00edklad po tom, \u010do pred 65 mili\u00f3nmi rokmi na Zem dopadol asteroid a priviedol svet takmer na pokraj vyhynutia samotn\u00e9ho \u017eivota. \u00dadajne vymrelo a\u017e 75 percent v\u0161etk\u00fdch druhov zvierat a rastl\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Austr\u00e1lia je dnes pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za jednu zo 17 kraj\u00edn (hovorme o nej pre zjednodu\u0161enie ako o \u201ekrajine\u201c) s takzvanou megadiverzitou. Tieto krajiny pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa iba desa\u0165 percent zemsk\u00e9ho povrchu, ale \u017eije v nich viac 70 percent v\u0161etk\u00fdch druhov zvierat \u010di rastl\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Zatia\u013e \u010do mnoh\u00e9 cicavce a vt\u00e1ky v s\u00favislosti s rozsiahlymi po\u017eiarmi \u010delia v\u00e1\u017enemu riziku ohrozenia druhov, niektor\u00e9 s\u00fa nato\u013eko z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na svojom malom prostred\u00ed, \u017ee pre\u017eitie ich druhu vo vo\u013enej pr\u00edrode je v s\u00favislosti s katastrofou takmer nere\u00e1lne. Jedn\u00e1 sa o r\u00f4zne mal\u00e9 cicavce, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pomal\u00e9 a ve\u013emi z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na svojom malom \u00fazem\u00ed, obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo druhov hmyzu \u010di r\u00f4znych druhov slim\u00e1kov a hadov. Ich neschopnos\u0165 ujs\u0165 pred po\u017eiarom sa tvrdo prejav\u00ed na po\u010detnosti druhu v nasleduj\u00facich rokoch. Presn\u00e9 odhady bud\u00faceho v\u00fdvoja situ\u00e1cie v Austr\u00e1lii v\u0161ak zatia\u013e neexistuj\u00fa.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my bud\u00fa ma\u0165 ale aj tie druhy zvierat, ktor\u00e9 teraz dok\u00e1\u017eu pred oh\u0148om ujs\u0165. Napr\u00edklad r\u00f4zne druhy vt\u00e1kov, ktor\u00e9 vedia uletie\u0165, len\u017ee ich \u017eivot je pevne spojen\u00fd iba s ur\u010dit\u00fdm druhom stromu.<\/p>\n

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Z\u00e1sadn\u00fdm rozdielom oproti po\u017eiarom a klimatick\u00fdm zmen\u00e1m spred 65 mili\u00f3nov rokov je to, \u017ee s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 ve\u013ek\u00e9 po\u017eiare s\u00fa preva\u017ene lok\u00e1lne<\/strong>, hoci vo ve\u013ekom meradle. Po\u017eiare lesov v Braz\u00edlii, Chorv\u00e1tsku, Kalifornii, na Sib\u00edri a teraz v Austr\u00e1lii maj\u00fa potenci\u00e1l zlikvidova\u0165 mnoh\u00e9 endemity, teda tak\u00e9 druhy zvierat a rastl\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 sa vyskytuj\u00fa jedine na dan\u00fdch \u00fazemiach, ale neohrozia druhy \u017eij\u00face na in\u00fdch kontinentoch alebo vo vzdialenosti v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej ako nieko\u013eko kilometrov od hranice po\u017eiaru.<\/p>\n

Napriek tomu by sme nemali dopad t\u00fdchto katastrof podce\u0148ova\u0165. Obnovenie druhov toti\u017e trv\u00e1 tis\u00edce a mili\u00f3ny rokov, po ktor\u00fdch sa navy\u0161e druhy vyvin\u00fa v \u00faplne inej podobe, ne\u017e ich pozn\u00e1me teraz.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1sadn\u00fdm spoma\u013eova\u010dom obnovy druhov postihnut\u00fdch pr\u00edrodn\u00fdmi katastrofami je pritom s\u00e1m \u010dlovek, ktor\u00fd \u00fadajne zabral u\u017e polovicu v\u0161etk\u00fdch lesov sveta, tvrd\u00ed Mike Lee, profesor evolu\u010dnej biol\u00f3gie pre magaz\u00edn Science Alert.<\/p>\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zvierat\u00e1 maj\u00fa v\u00fdrazne menej priestoru pre prirodzen\u00fa obnovu svojich druhov ako pred pr\u00edchodom \u010dloveka.<\/p>\n

Karty v\u0161ak mie\u0161a op\u00e4\u0165 samotn\u00fd \u010dlovek a jeho snaha o udr\u017eanie rovnov\u00e1hy – cielen\u00fdm ochra\u0148ovan\u00edm zvierat a rastl\u00edn, udr\u017eiavan\u00edm ich druhov a umel\u00fdm vytv\u00e1ran\u00edm lesov dok\u00e1\u017ee svoj nepriazniv\u00fd dopad na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie aspo\u0148 \u010diasto\u010dne zvr\u00e1ti\u0165.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1sadnou skuto\u010dnos\u0165ou v \u0161\u00edren\u00ed a dopadoch po\u017eiarov v Austr\u00e1lii je aj to, \u017ee \u013eudia sa svojou \u010dinnos\u0165ou sna\u017eia (a preva\u017ene sa im dar\u00ed) po\u017eiare hasi\u0165. to znamen\u00e1, keby nebolo \u013eud\u00ed, po\u017eiare by boli nepochybne nepomerne ni\u010divej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n

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Fotografie ni\u017e\u0161ie poukazuj\u00face na realitu v Austr\u00e1lii s\u00fa z webu Bored Panda:<\/em><\/p>\n

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Katastrofick\u00e9 po\u017eiare v Austr\u00e1lii bud\u00fa ma\u0165 dopad nielen na ekonomiku, ale aj biodiverzitu a funkcie ekosyst\u00e9mu.\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6367","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6367","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6367"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6367\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6367"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6367"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6367"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}