Ke\u010f sa dnes hovor\u00ed o \u0161kodlivosti benz\u00ednov\u00fdch a naftov\u00fdch motorov, zvy\u010dajne sa obavy verejnosti i odborn\u00edkov t\u00fdkaj\u00fa emisi\u00ed oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho a mikroskopick\u00fdch pevn\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc. Pevn\u00e9 \u010dastice s\u00fa a\u017e do \u00farovne 99 percent zachyt\u00e1van\u00e9 filtrami pevn\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc, ktor\u00fdmi s\u00fa u\u017e vybaven\u00e9 aj v\u0161etky nov\u00e9 aut\u00e1 s benz\u00ednov\u00fdm motorom. Plat\u00ed to v\u0161ak iba pre Eur\u00f3pu a oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd ost\u00e1va aj na\u010falej z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom.<\/p>\n
Zavedenie flotilov\u00fdch emisn\u00fdch \u0161tandardov nepochybne speje k environment\u00e1lne a zdravotne bezpe\u010dnej\u0161ej osobnej doprave, len\u017ee spolo\u010dne s rastom po\u010dtu nov\u00fdch \u00e1ut na cest\u00e1ch a znehodnocovan\u00edm technickej kond\u00edcie t\u00fdch star\u00fdch v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku vznik\u00e1 st\u00e1le viac oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho. Sklen\u00edkov\u00fd plyn je mo\u017eno krmivom pre stromy, ktor\u00e9 ho o\u010distia o uhl\u00edk a do prostredia ako emisiu vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa kysl\u00edk, nemo\u017eno ho v\u0161ak za to bagatelizova\u0165.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom star\u00fdch i modern\u00fdch spa\u013eovac\u00edch motorov s\u00fa v\u0161ak emisie oxidu dus\u00edka (NO, N2O a NO2).<\/p>\n
\u201eAk vezmete desa\u0165 percent naj\u010distej\u0161\u00edch dieselov\u00fdch motorov a desa\u0165 percent naj\u0161pinavej\u0161\u00edch benz\u00ednov\u00fdch automobilov, potom benz\u00ednov\u00e9 modely bud\u00fa ma\u0165 v skuto\u010dnosti dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 emisie oxidov dus\u00edka v porovnan\u00ed s naftov\u00fdmi motormi,\u201c tvrd\u00ed Nick Molden, \u0161\u00e9f Emission Analytics\u00a0v rozhovore pre BBC. T\u00e1to spolo\u010dnos\u0165 vykon\u00e1va vlastn\u00e9 testy emisi\u00ed motorov ako doplnok k testom od ich v\u00fdrobcov a sk\u00fa\u0161ky realizuje v re\u00e1lnom prostred\u00ed.<\/p>\n
V skuto\u010dnosti je priame porovnanie \u0161kodlivosti naftov\u00fdch a benz\u00ednov\u00fdch motorov n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9, preto\u017ee do hodnotenia vstupuje obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo faktorov: po\u010dn\u00fac uhl\u00edkovou stopou samotnej v\u00fdroby motorov a\u017e po jazdn\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl konkr\u00e9tneho vodi\u010da a intenzitu pou\u017e\u00edvania.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Naftov\u00e9 motory v\u0161ak neprodukuj\u00fa iba oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd a mikroskopick\u00e9 sadze. Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom s\u00fa tie\u017e emisie NOx, teda\u00a0oxidov dus\u00edka. Viac ako\u00a090 percent oxidov dus\u00edka je emitovan\u00fdch vo forme oxidu dusn\u00e9ho NO, \u010do je plyn bez z\u00e1pachu, ktor\u00fd sa a\u017e reakciou s kysl\u00edkom men\u00ed na \u0161\u0165ip\u013eav\u00fd smrad. N\u00e1sledn\u00fdmi chemick\u00fdmi procesmi potom podnecuje vznik takzvan\u00fdch kysl\u00fdch da\u017e\u010fov. Oxidy dus\u00edka ako tak\u00e9 \u00fadajne vznikaj\u00fa v\u017edy pri zohriat\u00ed vzduchu spa\u013eovan\u00edm pal\u00edv a jeho mno\u017estvo je v priamej \u00famere z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na teplote procesu.<\/p>\n
Jedna z foriem oxidu dus\u00edka, oxid dusi\u010dit\u00fd, pri dlhodobom vystaven\u00ed \u013eudsk\u00e9mu organizmu pod\u013ea v\u0161etk\u00e9ho vedie k po\u0161kodeniu funkcie p\u013e\u00fac, zvy\u0161uje riziko respira\u010dn\u00fdch por\u00fach a sp\u00f4sobuje vznik alergi\u00ed.<\/p>\n
D\u00f4sledky rastu podielu oxidov dus\u00edka v atmosf\u00e9re v\u0161ak maj\u00fa vplyv nielen na \u013eud\u00ed, ale aj samotn\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie. E\u0161te v roku 1997 sa P. Hornaj venoval tomu, do akej miery m\u00f4\u017eu r\u00f4zne oxidy dus\u00edka sp\u00f4sobova\u0165 rozpad oz\u00f3novej vrstvy. Obavy o \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie teda rozhodne nie s\u00fa vecou posledn\u00fdch nieko\u013ek\u00fdch rokov. M\u00e1 sa tie\u017e za to, \u017ee v spodn\u00fdch vrstv\u00e1ch atmosf\u00e9ry m\u00f4\u017eu, paradoxne, niektor\u00e9 oxidy dus\u00edka podporova\u0165 vznik oz\u00f3nu, ktor\u00fd je v\u0161ak pre n\u00e1s toxick\u00fd.<\/p>\n
Stopercentne \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia na redukciu alebo zachyt\u00e1vanie NOx zatia\u013e \u00fadajne neexistuje, ale Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania zaveden\u00edm emisnej normy EURO 6 (september 2015) drastick\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom zn\u00ed\u017eila limity pre emisie tejto l\u00e1tky. V porovnan\u00ed s predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facim \u0161tandardom EURO 5 dokonca a\u017e o polovicu, konkr\u00e9tne z 0,18 g\/km na 0,06 g\/km.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdznamne k zlep\u0161eniu situ\u00e1cie prispelo zavedenie\u00a0selekt\u00edvnej katalytickej redukcie<\/strong>\u00a0(SCR<\/strong>), ktor\u00fa v be\u017enom \u017eivote vn\u00edmame ako potrebu dolievania mo\u010doviny, teda\u00a0AdBlue<\/strong>. \u201eTeplom sa AdBlue rozlo\u017e\u00ed na amoniak (\u010dpavok) NH3<\/sub>\u00a0a oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd CO2<\/sub>. Ten je zachyten\u00fd v telese katalyz\u00e1tora SCR, ktor\u00fd je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou vcelku s filtrom DPF. Tam reaguje s oxidmi dus\u00edka a transformuje ho na ne\u0161kodn\u00fd dus\u00edk N2 a vodn\u00fa paru H2O,\u201c uv\u00e1dza vo svojom \u010dl\u00e1nku k danej t\u00e9me\u00a0Cars Service.<\/p>\n A \u010do to vlastne AdBlue je? Je to zmes destilovanej vody a 32,5% syntetickej mo\u010doviny, ktor\u00e1 sa dolieva do samostatnej n\u00e1dr\u017eky. Hladinu AdBlue je potrebn\u00e9 udr\u017eiava\u0165, preto\u017ee ak sa minie, automobil v\u00e1m u\u017e nena\u0161tartuje – je to v\u0161ak obmedzenie nastaven\u00e9 softv\u00e9rom, z princ\u00edpu naftov\u00fd motor na\u0161tartuje aj bez mo\u010doviny.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Nielen oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd a oxidy dus\u00edka s\u00fa to, \u010do by sme mali d\u00f4slednej\u0161ie sledova\u0165. Eur\u00f3pska environment\u00e1lna agent\u00fara dlhodobo upozor\u0148uje na to, \u017ee pri spa\u013eovan\u00ed pal\u00edv doch\u00e1dza k emisii ve\u013ek\u00e9ho mno\u017estva l\u00e1tok \u0161kodliv\u00fdch pre \u013eudsk\u00fd organizmus:<\/p>\n \u201eV skuto\u010dnosti sa pri spa\u013eovac\u00edch procesoch uvo\u013e\u0148uje cel\u00fd rad in\u00fdch l\u00e1tok zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facich ovzdu\u0161ie, od oxidu siri\u010dit\u00e9ho a benz\u00e9nu po oxid uho\u013enat\u00fd a \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 kovy. Niektor\u00e9 z t\u00fdchto zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facich l\u00e1tok maj\u00fa kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na \u013eudsk\u00e9 zdravie. In\u00e9, vr\u00e1tane niektor\u00fdch \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdch kovov a perzistentn\u00fdch organick\u00fdch zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facich l\u00e1tok, sa v prostred\u00ed hromadia. To im umo\u017e\u0148uje prenikn\u00fa\u0165 do n\u00e1\u0161ho potravinov\u00e9ho re\u0165azca a nakoniec skon\u010dia na na\u0161ich tanieroch.<\/p>\n Ostatn\u00e9 zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00face l\u00e1tky, napr\u00edklad benz\u00e9n, m\u00f4\u017eu po\u0161kodi\u0165 genetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l na\u0161ich buniek a v pr\u00edpade dlhodob\u00e9ho vystavenia sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 rakovinu. Ke\u010f\u017ee benz\u00e9n sa pou\u017e\u00edva ako pr\u00eddavn\u00e1 l\u00e1tka v benz\u00edne, okolo 80 % benz\u00e9nu uvo\u013e\u0148ovan\u00e9ho do atmosf\u00e9ry v Eur\u00f3pe poch\u00e1dza zo spa\u013eovania pal\u00edv pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch vo vozidl\u00e1ch,\u201c uv\u00e1dza Eur\u00f3pska environment\u00e1lna agent\u00fara.<\/p>\n <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Nielen oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd, ale aj oxidy dus\u00edka s\u00fa probl\u00e9mom osobnej dopravy.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6391","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6391","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6391"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6391\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6391"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6391"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6391"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\u010eal\u0161ie nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 plyny<\/h3>\n