{"id":6475,"date":"2024-05-03T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-05-02T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/isaac-asimov-dielo\/"},"modified":"2024-05-03T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2024-05-02T23:00:00","slug":"isaac-asimov-dielo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/isaac-asimov-dielo\/","title":{"rendered":"Isaac Asimov zomrel pred 32 rokmi. Pozn\u00e1te dielo tohto v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010dloveka?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Na str\u00e1nkach UnitedLife.sk ste sa mohli do\u010d\u00edta\u0165 o nieko\u013ek\u00fdch zauj\u00edmav\u00fdch a in\u0161pirat\u00edvnych \u013eu\u010foch. Pripome\u0148me si Tom\u00e1\u0161a Ba\u0165u, T.G. Masaryka, Jana Wericha, ale aj Tonyho Achmata \u010di Karla \u010capka.<\/p>\n<p>Pred mesiacom, 6. apr\u00edla, sme si pripomenuli v\u00fdro\u010die \u00famrtia osobnosti menom Isaac Asimov.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed t\u00fato osobnos\u0165 hist\u00f3rie pozn\u00e1 ako autora sci-fi rom\u00e1nov, medzi in\u00fdmi <em>Ja, Robot<\/em> z roku 1950. V skuto\u010dnosti tento \u010dlovek nap\u00edsal priam neuverite\u013ene ve\u013ea, <strong>dovedna viac ako 500 titulov a vy\u0161e 90-tis\u00edc \u010dl\u00e1nkov a listov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>H\u013eada\u0165 s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho autora s takou produktivitou by sme h\u013eadali asi m\u00e1rne, no ani v minulosti ne\u0161lo o ni\u010d konven\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>Talent odmali\u010dka<\/h3>\n<p>Isaac Asimov sa narodil do \u017eidovskej rodiny 2. janu\u00e1ra 1920 v Ruskej sovietskej federat\u00edvnej socialistickej republike a ke\u010f mal tri roky, jeho rodi\u010dia emigrovali do Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov.<\/p>\n<p>Vyrastal v Brooklyne, rodi\u010dia viedli obchod so zmie\u0161an\u00fdm tovarom a u\u017e od mala sa prejavoval ako nadan\u00e9 die\u0165a. Napr\u00edklad ako p\u00e4\u0165ro\u010dn\u00fd vedel \u010d\u00edta\u0165, vo veku jeden\u00e1s\u0165 rokov p\u00edsal sci-fi pr\u00edbehy a niektor\u00e9 \u010dasopisy za\u010dali tieto jeho pr\u00edbehy vyd\u00e1va\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Asimov v\u0161ak nevy\u0161tudoval \u017eurnalistiku alebo humanitn\u00e9 vedy, ako by sa mohlo zda\u0165, \u017ee sa bude jeho \u017eivot ubera\u0165. Vy\u0161tudoval na Columbijskej Univerzite v roku 1939 a v roku 1948 z\u00edskal titul Ph.D. v oblasti ch\u00e9mie. Zauj\u00edmavos\u0165ou je, \u017ee hoci sa hne\u010f po z\u00edskan\u00ed titulu zamestnal na Univerzite v Bostone, prv\u00fdch desa\u0165 rokov mu form\u00e1lne nevypl\u00e1cali plat. O\u010dividne ho nepotreboval, preto\u017ee u\u017e v tomto \u010dase bol \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdm autorom.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Asimovovu kari\u00e9ru m\u00f4\u017eeme rozdeli\u0165 na nieko\u013eko \u010dasov\u00fdch \u00fasekov. V jeho za\u010diatkoch dominovala sci-fi tvorba, ktor\u00e1 za\u010dala poviedkami v roku 1939. To trvalo do roku\u00a01958, kedy bol vydan\u00fd rom\u00e1n\u00a0<i>The Naked Sun<\/i>. Nasledovalo obdobie popul\u00e1rno-vedeck\u00fdch pr\u00e1c, ob\u010das doplnen\u00fdch vedeckou fantastikou. V \u010fal\u0161om \u0161tvr\u0165storo\u010d\u00ed nap\u00edsal iba \u0161tyri vedecko-fantastick\u00e9 rom\u00e1ny. Od roku\u00a01982\u00a0datujeme druh\u00fa \u010das\u0165 jeho vedecko-fantastickej tvorby, ktor\u00e1 za\u010dala vydan\u00edm\u00a0<i>Foundation&#8217;s Edge<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>Odvtedy a\u017e do smrti nap\u00edsal mno\u017estvo pokra\u010dovan\u00ed jeho predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich rom\u00e1nov sna\u017eiac sa prepoji\u0165 ich do jedn\u00e9ho celku.<\/p>\n<p>V roku 1942 za\u010dal s p\u00edsan\u00edm poviedok o Foundation (\u201eNad\u00e1cia\u201c), ktor\u00e9 nesk\u00f4r vy\u0161li ako Foundation Trilogy: Foundation (1951), Foundation and Empire (1952) a Second Foundation(1953). Hovoria o zr\u00faten\u00ed a znovuvytvoren\u00ed galaktickej r\u00ed\u0161e vo vesm\u00edre.<\/p>\n<p>Vo svojom diele <strong>Run-Around z roku 1942<\/strong> publikoval svoju predstavu o robotoch ako o nadradenej rase, ktor\u00fa v\u010faka diktat\u00fare budeme m\u00f4c\u0165 ovl\u00e1da\u0165. Mnoh\u00e9 poviedky o robotoch vy\u0161li v zbierke I, Robot (1950). V Run-Around sformuloval tri z\u00e1kony robotiky, ktor\u00fdmi sa mali riadi\u0165 roboty a inteligentn\u00e9 stroje. (zdroj)<\/p>\n<p>Ide o tieto tri z\u00e1kony, ktor\u00e9 sa za desa\u0165ro\u010dia stali ak\u00fdmsi logick\u00fdm oporn\u00fdm pilierom cel\u00e9ho sci-fi \u017e\u00e1nra:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Robot nesmie ubl\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 \u010dloveku alebo svojou ne\u010dinnos\u0165ou dopusti\u0165, aby mu bolo ubl\u00ed\u017een\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>Robot mus\u00ed posl\u00fachnu\u0165 \u010dloveka, okrem pr\u00edpadov, ke\u010f je to v rozpore s prv\u00fdm z\u00e1konom.<\/li>\n<li>Robot sa mus\u00ed chr\u00e1ni\u0165 pred po\u0161koden\u00edm, okrem pr\u00edpadov, ke\u010f je to v rozpore s prv\u00fdm alebo druh\u00fdm z\u00e1konom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nesk\u00f4r Asimov v diele Robots and Empire vydal \u010fal\u0161\u00ed nult\u00fd z\u00e1kon robotiky s nasledovn\u00fdm znen\u00edm:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Robot nesmie ubl\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 \u013eudstvu a ani svojou ne\u010dinnos\u0165ou dopusti\u0165, aby \u013eudstvu bolo ubl\u00ed\u017een\u00e9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe title=\"Isaac Asimov on The David Letterman Show, October 21, 1980\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/365kJOsFd3w?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Neboli to v\u0161ak iba sci-fi knihy a poviedky, ktor\u00fdmi Asimov obohatil svet.<\/p>\n<p>Symbolicky od roku 1957, kedy bol vypusten\u00fd Sputnik, prv\u00e1 umel\u00e1 dru\u017eica Zeme, sa venoval predov\u0161etk\u00fdm p\u00edsaniu vedeck\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nkov. V\u010faka tejto tvorbe sa stal z Amisova v\u00fdznamn\u00fd <strong>populariz\u00e1tor vedy, azda jeden z prv\u00fdch v novodobej hist\u00f3rii \u013eudstva.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zomrel mimoriadne ne\u0161\u0165astnou s\u00fahrou okolnost\u00ed. Ke\u010f mu v roku 1983 voperovali bypass srdca, priamo na opera\u010dnej s\u00e1le bol nakazen\u00fd v\u00edrusom HIV. Pre neskor\u0161ie zdravotn\u00e9 komplik\u00e1cie vypl\u00fdvaj\u00face z AIDS zomrel v 6. apr\u00edla 1992. Asimov bol dvakr\u00e1t \u017eenat\u00fd a mal dve deti &#8211; syna a dc\u00e9ru.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Po\u010das \u017eivota nap\u00edsal vy\u0161e 500 kn\u00edh a viac ako 90-tis\u00edc \u010dl\u00e1nkov a listov, \u010d\u00edm sa zara\u010fuje medzi najplodnej\u0161\u00edch autorov hist\u00f3rie.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6475","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6475"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6475\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6475"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6475"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6475"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}