{"id":6529,"date":"2020-05-31T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-05-30T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/spacex-nasa-let-astronautov-na-iss\/"},"modified":"2020-05-31T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2020-05-30T23:00:00","slug":"spacex-nasa-let-astronautov-na-iss","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/spacex-nasa-let-astronautov-na-iss\/","title":{"rendered":"SpaceX a NASA sa podaril let \u013eud\u00ed do vesm\u00edru. Pre\u010do je to historick\u00e1 udalos\u0165, ke\u010f u\u017e \u013eudia na ISS lietaj\u00fa?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Jedn\u00e1 sa o fin\u00e1lny test, ktor\u00fdm sa SpaceX certifikuje pod\u013ea metodiky NASA. Americk\u00ed astronauti <strong>Robert L. Behnken<\/strong> and <strong>Douglas G. Hurley<\/strong> testovali nov\u00fd pilotovan\u00fd modul Crew Dragon tak, \u017ee nap\u00edsali dejiny &#8211; je to v\u00f4bec prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t, \u010do sa konal let \u013eud\u00ed do vesm\u00edru pod z\u00e1\u0161titou s\u00fakromnej spolo\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<p>A jedn\u00e1 sa o prv\u00fd let kompletne v americk\u00fdch ruk\u00e1ch po deviatich rokoch, preto\u017ee Ameri\u010dania presne 21. j\u00fala 2011 ukon\u010dili \u00e9ru raketopl\u00e1nov. T\u00fdm posledn\u00fdm bol Atlantis, potom sa v NASA museli spolieha\u0165 len na rusk\u00e9 rakety Sojuz.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Priamy prenos z cesty (nesk\u00f4r bude prenos nahraden\u00fd z\u00e1znamom):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Crew Demo-2\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bIZsnKGV8TE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>\u00daspech na prv\u00fd pokus (?)<\/h3>\n<p>Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 SpaceX, ktor\u00fa v roku 2002 zalo\u017eil miliard\u00e1r Elon Musk, u\u017e dlhodobo spolupracuje s NASA. A\u017e teraz v\u0161ak spolo\u010dnos\u0165 dospela k tomu, \u017ee do vesm\u00edru poslala \u013eud\u00ed. Je to prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t v hist\u00f3rii, \u010do to spravila s\u00fakromn\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 a nie krajina ako tak\u00e1. Doteraz boli podobn\u00e9 lety z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165ou Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov americk\u00fdch a Ruska, pri\u010dom tieto dve mocnosti vo vesm\u00edrnom v\u00fdskume spolupracuj\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>Prv\u00fd let bol odlo\u017een\u00fd pre zl\u00e9 poveternostn\u00e9 podmienky, po odklade na sobotu 30. m\u00e1ja 2020 sa napokon podaril. Pos\u00e1dka vzlietla zo \u0161tartovacieho komplexu 39A Kennedyho vesm\u00edrneho strediska na floridskom Myse Canaveral presne o 21:22:45 n\u00e1\u0161ho \u010dasu. Hoci sa prv\u00fd let odlo\u017eil, v skuto\u010dnosti sa jednalo o \u00faspech hne\u010f na prv\u00fd pokus &#8211; napriek tomu sa ob\u010das objavuj\u00fa spr\u00e1vy o tom, \u017ee je \u00faspech a\u017e na pokus \u010d\u00edslo dva.<\/p>\n<p>Ak si mysl\u00edte, \u017ee medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 vesm\u00edrna stanica ISS je s v\u00fd\u0161kou 410 kilometrov na skok, tak vedzte, \u017ee pos\u00e1dke potrv\u00e1 asi sedem hod\u00edn, k\u00fdm na \u0148u doraz\u00ed. Stane sa tak o pol piatej v nede\u013eu 31. m\u00e1ja 2020 n\u00e1\u0161ho \u010dasu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Aktualiz\u00e1cia (17:00 31.5.2020)<\/strong>: Lo\u010f Crew Dragon sa \u00faspe\u0161ne aj s pos\u00e1dkou zadokovala k modulu Harmony na ISS o 16:16 hodine n\u00e1\u0161ho \u010dasu, \u010d\u00edm sa naplnila prv\u00e1 f\u00e1za misie &#8211; \u0161tart a pripojenie sa k medzin\u00e1rodnej vesm\u00edrnej stanici.<\/p>\n<p>Po\u010das \u0161tartu hrala pos\u00e1dke skladba Back in Black od AC\/DC.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">We have liftoff. History is made as <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NASA_Astronauts?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">@NASA_Astronauts<\/a> launch from <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NASAKennedy?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">@NASAKennedy<\/a> for the first time in nine years on the <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SpaceX?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">@SpaceX<\/a> Crew Dragon: <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/alX1t1JBAt\" rel=\"nofollow\">pic.twitter.com\/alX1t1JBAt<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; NASA (@NASA) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NASA\/status\/1266812660374528001?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">May 30, 2020<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Lo\u010f Crew Dragon je s\u00edce nov\u00e1, ale vzlieta pomocou rakety Falcon 9, moment\u00e1lne jednej z najv\u00fdkonnej\u0161\u00edch rakiet v hist\u00f3rii \u013eudstva.<\/p>\n<p>Po \u00faspe\u0161nom \u0161tarte sa prv\u00fd stupe\u0148 tejto rakety vr\u00e1til na Zem, a to pr\u00edzna\u010dn\u00fdm vertik\u00e1lnym zostupom na auton\u00f3mnej plo\u0161ine umiestnenej na hladine Atlantick\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu. Tento sp\u00f4sob n\u00e1vratu s\u00fa\u010dast\u00ed rakety je pre SpaceX mimoriadne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd, preto\u017ee enormne \u0161etr\u00ed n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Welcome aboard the <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SpaceX?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">@SpaceX<\/a> Crew Dragon spacecraft! <\/p>\n<p>In this video from space, <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/AstroBehnken?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">@AstroBehnken<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Astro_Doug?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">@Astro_Doug<\/a> reveal the name of their capsule: Endeavour. Take a look inside as the crew continues their journey to the <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Space_Station?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">@Space_Station<\/a>: <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/K9S5mejONx\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/t.co\/K9S5mejONx<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/mvH8UhE5FW\" rel=\"nofollow\">pic.twitter.com\/mvH8UhE5FW<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; NASA (@NASA) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NASA\/status\/1266885097359388672?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">May 31, 2020<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<h3>ISS, Mesiac, Mars a e\u0161te \u010falej<\/h3>\n<p>Senz\u00e1cia okolo letu \u013eudskej pos\u00e1dky pod hlavi\u010dkou SpaceX dnes nap\u013a\u0148a hlavn\u00e9 str\u00e1nky m\u00e9di\u00ed a laikom sa m\u00f4\u017ee zda\u0165, \u017ee sa azda jedn\u00e1 o vyslanie \u013eud\u00ed na Mars. V skuto\u010dnosti s\u00fa aj SpaceX, aj NASA od tohto cie\u013ea e\u0161te ve\u013emi \u010faleko. Tento let je v\u0161ak prv\u00fdm krokom &#8211; druh\u00fdm je vyslanie \u013eud\u00ed na Mesiac a napokon na Mars. P\u00f4jde sa nesk\u00f4r e\u0161te \u010falej? Asi \u00e1no, ale to je zatia\u013e divok\u00e1 \u0161pekul\u00e1cia.<\/p>\n<p>Pre \u00fa\u010dely cesty na Mars u\u017e SpaceX vyv\u00edja \u0161peci\u00e1lnu vesm\u00edrnu lo\u010f s n\u00e1zvom Starship, ktor\u00e1 <strong>bude schopn\u00e1 prepravi\u0165 a\u017e sto astronautov<\/strong>! V celej hist\u00f3rii vesm\u00edrneho v\u00fdskumu by tak\u00e9to nie\u010do nemalo obdobu.<\/p>\n<p>Dovtedy v\u0161ak ost\u00e1va e\u0161te nieko\u013eko rokov, hoci sa spo\u010diatku uva\u017eovalo aj o roku 2022. Ak by sa toto Muskovi podarilo, zap\u00edsal by sa do u\u010debn\u00edc gigantick\u00fdmi p\u00edsmenami.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u010co bud\u00fa astronauti vo vesm\u00edre robi\u0165?<\/h3>\n<p>Pos\u00e1dka lode Crew Dragon bude na ISS vykon\u00e1va\u0165 \u0161peci\u00e1lne \u00falohy s u\u017e aktu\u00e1lnou pos\u00e1dkou vesm\u00edrnej stanice, vedeck\u00e9 experimenty, bude si overova\u0165 funk\u010dnos\u0165 automatick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov a tie\u017e testova\u0165 re\u00e1lne vlastnosti sol\u00e1rnych panelov vo vesm\u00edrnych podmienkach.<\/p>\n<p>Zauj\u00edmavos\u0165ou je, \u017ee nie je upresnen\u00fd \u010das n\u00e1vratu &#8211; m\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 za mesiac, dva, tri alebo dokonca za \u0161tyri mesiace. Pr\u00e1ve \u0161tyri mesiace s\u00fa limit.<\/p>\n<p>Pos\u00e1dku tvoria Robert Behnken (49) a Douglas Hurley (53), obaja boli vo vesm\u00edre u\u017e predt\u00fdm a kuriozitou je, \u017ee obaja sa o\u017eenili s astronautkami. Sk\u00fasenosti z NASA s\u00fa na nezaplatenie, rovnako ako ich \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fd zdravotn\u00fd stav, ktor\u00fd je pre vesm\u00edrne lety absol\u00fatnou nevyhnutnos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>SpaceX fantasticky zn\u00ed\u017eilo n\u00e1klady na vesm\u00edrny v\u00fdskum<\/h3>\n<p>SpaceX sa podarilo nie\u010do, \u010do \u017eiadny in\u00fd dod\u00e1vate\u013e NASA nikdy nedok\u00e1zal &#8211; zn\u00ed\u017eili n\u00e1klady. Ke\u010f sa SpaceX obr\u00e1tilo na NASA s my\u0161lienkou znovupou\u017eite\u013en\u00fdch rakiet na zmluvn\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky, NASA odhadovala celkov\u00fd rozpo\u010det na 3,6 miliardy americk\u00fdch dol\u00e1rov. Vych\u00e1dzali pritom zo sk\u00fasenost\u00ed s predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facimi dod\u00e1vate\u013emi. Len\u017ee SpaceX vyvinulo raketu, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017enila tieto n\u00e1klady zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 na nepomerne ni\u017e\u0161ie \u010diastky. NASA dala do v\u00fdskumu 396 mili\u00f3nov USD a SpaceX 450 mili\u00f3nov USD (spolu 846 mil. USD). To je \u0161tvrtina odhadovan\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtu.<\/p>\n<p>Pred SpaceX bola ka\u017ed\u00e1 nov\u00e1 raketa v hist\u00f3rii USA financovan\u00e1 vl\u00e1dou USA a zad\u00e1vate\u013eom bola NASA. SpaceX bola prv\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 to robila s\u00fakromne a bola historicky prvou s\u00fakromnou firmou, ktor\u00e1 raketu napokon vypustila do vesm\u00edru. Stalo sa tak 3. decembra 2010, na rakete Falcon 9 bola kapsula Dragon. Let trval 3 hodiny a 19 min\u00fat a napokon lo\u010f Dragon \u00faspe\u0161ne prist\u00e1la na Zemi. Misia nielen vypustila prv\u00fa s\u00fakromn\u00fa lo\u010f do vesm\u00edru, ale aj zap\u00edsala SpaceX ako v\u00f4bec prv\u00fa s\u00fakromn\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 nie\u010do tak\u00e9 dok\u00e1zala.<\/p>\n<p>Ceny vesm\u00edrnych letov sa zvy\u010dajne po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa v dol\u00e1roch za kilogram vynesenej hmotnosti. Napr\u00edklad v roku 1981 by v\u00e1s st\u00e1l jeden kilogram vynesen\u00fd do vesm\u00edru <strong>85 216 USD<\/strong>. Tieto ceny neust\u00e1le klesaj\u00fa a s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pri vesm\u00edrnom v\u00fdskume. Ke\u010f spo\u010d\u00edtate pomer kapacity k n\u00e1kladom na \u0161tart, znovupou\u017eite\u013en\u00e1 raketa <strong>Falcon 9 doru\u010d\u00ed 1 kg n\u00e1kladu na n\u00edzku obe\u017en\u00fa dr\u00e1hu Zeme len za 3 125 americk\u00fdch dol\u00e1rov<\/strong>! To je d\u00f4vod, pre\u010do malo SpaceX v roku 2018 asi 65% podiel na glob\u00e1lnom trhu s letmi do vesm\u00edru. Elon Musk v\u0161ak u\u017e vyhl\u00e1sol, \u017ee \u010fal\u0161ia gener\u00e1cia vesm\u00edrnej lode je u\u017e vo v\u00fdvoji, vol\u00e1 sa Starship a tieto ceny zn\u00ed\u017ei na stotinu aktu\u00e1lnych cien. \u010c\u00edtajte spr\u00e1vne, stotinu.<\/p>\n<p>Mimochodom, Falcon Heavy je dnes najv\u00fdkonnej\u0161ia raketa na svete, dok\u00e1\u017ee vynies\u0165 a\u017e 63 800 kg.\u00a0 Druh\u00e1 najv\u00fdkonnej\u0161ia Space Shutle, \u201eiba\u201c 24 000 kg.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Falcon Heavy &amp; Starman\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/A0FZIwabctw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Americk\u00e1 NASA prevzala lety \u013eud\u00ed do vesm\u00edru do vlastn\u00fdch r\u00fak v\u010faka s\u00fakromnej firme SpaceX. Za\u010dala sa nov\u00e1 \u00e9ra \u013eudsk\u00fdch letov do vesm\u00edru.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6529","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6529","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6529"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6529\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6529"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6529"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6529"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}