{"id":6628,"date":"2020-10-26T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-25T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/ako-policia-odomyka-zablokovane-telefony\/"},"modified":"2020-10-26T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2020-10-25T23:00:00","slug":"ako-policia-odomyka-zablokovane-telefony","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/ako-policia-odomyka-zablokovane-telefony\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako pol\u00edcia odomyk\u00e1 zablokovan\u00e9 telef\u00f3ny?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 funkcie pre smartf\u00f3ny sa v priebehu uplynul\u00fdch rokov dramaticky vyvinuli a stali iba \u0165a\u017eko prekonate\u013en\u00fdmi. Doslova hocikto si dnes m\u00f4\u017ee svoj mobil zabezpe\u010di\u0165 prostredn\u00edctvom PIN k\u00f3dov, \u0161peci\u00e1lnych vzorov, tv\u00e1rovej biometrie \u010di pomocou vlastn\u00e9ho odtla\u010dku prsta.<\/p>\n<p>Nov\u00e1 spr\u00e1va od neziskovej organiz\u00e1cie Upturn z Washingtonu, DC odha\u013euje, ako pol\u00edcia dok\u00e1\u017ee prenika\u0165 do telef\u00f3nov podozriv\u00fdch, aj ke\u010f ich bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 je \u010doraz sofistikovanej\u0161ia: na z\u00e1klade zml\u00fav s digit\u00e1lnymi forenzn\u00fdmi firmami, ktor\u00e9 sa \u0161pecializuj\u00fa na obch\u00e1dzanie z\u00e1mkov pr\u00edstupu a kop\u00edrovanie za\u0161ifrovan\u00fdch d\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>Pod\u013ea spr\u00e1vy org\u00e1ny \u010dinn\u00e9 v trestnom konan\u00ed vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch 50 \u0161t\u00e1toch USA uzavreli kontrakty s dod\u00e1vate\u013emi ako Cellebrite a AccessData na pr\u00edstup a kop\u00edrovanie \u00fadajov z uzamknut\u00fdch telef\u00f3nov. Aj ke\u010f sa pol\u00edcia pri uzatv\u00e1ran\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch pr\u00edpadov spoliehala na d\u00f4kazy z\u00edskan\u00e9 z t\u00fdchto telef\u00f3nov, autori spr\u00e1vy Upturn tvrdia, \u017ee tento postup je z ve\u013ekej \u010dasti tajn\u00fd a jeho zverejnenie predstavuje bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fa hrozbu. To aj napriek tomu, \u017ee sa o samotn\u00fd proces staraj\u00fa extern\u00e9 s\u00fakromn\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti<\/p>\n<p>V rokoch 2015 a\u017e 2019 Upturn zistil takmer 50 000 pr\u00edpadov pol\u00edcie pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00facich forenzn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje u mobiln\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed (MDFT). Autori spr\u00e1vy tvrdia, \u017ee n\u00e1stroje poskytuj\u00fa inform\u00e1cie o \u017eivotoch \u013eud\u00ed \u010faleko nad r\u00e1mec ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek vy\u0161etrovania a len m\u00e1lo policajn\u00fdch oddelen\u00ed obmedzuje sp\u00f4sob a \u010das ich pou\u017eitia. T\u00edm zaslal verejn\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy \u0161t\u00e1tnym a miestnym org\u00e1nom \u010dinn\u00fdm v trestnom konan\u00ed po celej krajine a zistil, \u017ee viac ako dvetis\u00edc agent\u00far niekedy pou\u017eilo MDFT.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--in-content\">\n<div class=\"ad__slot ad__slot--in-content\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Pol\u00edcia m\u00f4\u017ee v s\u00favislosti s pr\u00edpadom po\u017eiada\u0165 majite\u013ea, aby jej odomkol telef\u00f3n dobrovo\u013ene. \u00a0\u00daspech tohto procesu sa v\u0161ak ve\u013emi l\u00ed\u0161i pod\u013ea regi\u00f3nu. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Upturn zistila, \u017ee \u013eudia s\u00fahlasili s 53 percentami z viac ako 1 500 extrakci\u00ed vykonan\u00fdch v \u0161erifovej kancel\u00e1rii Harris County v \u0161t\u00e1te Texas.\u00a0V Atlante u\u017e bol udelen\u00fd s\u00fahlas majite\u013ea iba v 10 percent\u00e1ch z takmer 1 000 extrakci\u00ed d\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>Ak majite\u013e odmietne odblokova\u0165 telef\u00f3n, pol\u00edcia v USA mus\u00ed po\u017eiada\u0165 o vydanie zatyka\u010da. V roku 2016 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Apple namietala proti \u017eiadosti FBI o poskytnutie pr\u00edstupu vy\u0161etrovate\u013eom k uzamknut\u00e9mu telef\u00f3nu iPhone 5C patriacemu jedn\u00e9mu zo strelcov, o ktor\u00fdch sa predpokladalo, \u017ee v kalifornskom San Bernardine zabili 16 \u013eud\u00ed. FBI sa tak obr\u00e1tila na extern\u00fa firmu, ktor\u00e1 pomohla org\u00e1nom \u010dinn\u00fdm v trestnom konan\u00ed z\u00e1mok ob\u00eds\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Vo svojej spr\u00e1ve spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Upturn presk\u00famala stovky pr\u00edkazov na domov\u00fa prehliadku po\u017eaduj\u00facich pou\u017eitie MDFT na priestupky i trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, od podozrenia z vra\u017edy po kr\u00e1de\u017e v obchode. Autori tvrdia, \u017ee pol\u00edcia \u010dasto poskytovala iba nepatrn\u00e9 od\u00f4vodnenie, \u017ee chce odomkn\u00fa\u0165 telef\u00f3n. \u010ealej sa zatyka\u010de obvykle neobmedzuj\u00fa na konkr\u00e9tne inform\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 priviedli pol\u00edciu k telef\u00f3nu. Namiesto toho zatyka\u010de a MDFT umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa pol\u00edcii pou\u017ei\u0165 \u010doko\u013evek v telef\u00f3ne proti podozriv\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p>V roku 2017 reagovala pol\u00edcia v Coon Rapids v Minnesote, asi 30 min\u00fat od Minneapolisu, na spr\u00e1vu dvoch mladistv\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed sa v McDonalde pobili kv\u00f4li 70 dol\u00e1rom. V pr\u00edkaze na prehliadku, ktor\u00fd z\u00edskal spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Upturn, d\u00f4stojn\u00edk uviedol, \u017ee \u00fadaje z mobilov odhalia, \u010di texty \u201em\u00f4\u017eu obsahova\u0165 diskusie o 70 dol\u00e1roch\u201c. Pol\u00edcia dorazila, oboch mladistv\u00fdch zatkla a nakoniec z\u00edskala \u00fapln\u00e9 k\u00f3pie ich telef\u00f3nov vr\u00e1tane denn\u00edkov hovorov, obsahu textov a e-mailov, hist\u00f3rie vyh\u013ead\u00e1vania na internete a \u00fadajov GPS.<\/p>\n<p>Spr\u00e1va Upturn podrobne neuv\u00e1dza, ako bolo s jednotliv\u00fdmi \u00fadajmi po vy\u0161etrovan\u00ed nakladan\u00e9. T\u00edm v\u0161ak zistil, \u017ee \u00fadaje extrahovan\u00e9 z telef\u00f3nov sa iba zriedkakedy ma\u017e\u00fa. Z\u00e1kony v Novom Mexiku, Utahu a Kalifornii vy\u017eaduj\u00fa vymazanie \u00fadajov, ktor\u00e9 sa bezprostredne net\u00fdkaj\u00fa vy\u0161etrovania, ale drviv\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u0161t\u00e1tov v USA tak nekon\u00e1. Pol\u00edcia v in\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch leg\u00e1lne uchov\u00e1va \u00fadaje z\u00edskan\u00e9 z telef\u00f3nu, aj ke\u010f ich vlastn\u00edk napokon nebol ods\u00faden\u00fd za predmetn\u00fd trestn\u00fd \u010din.<\/p>\n<p><em>Zdroj \u010dl\u00e1nku: How Police Can Crack Locked Phones\u2014and Extract Information<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>V Eur\u00f3pe plat\u00ed GDPR, teda pravidl\u00e1 pre nakladanie s osobn\u00fdmi \u00fadajmi \u013eud\u00ed. GDPR sa pritom nevz\u0165ahuje iba na prostredie webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok a aplik\u00e1cie pre mobiln\u00e9 zariadenia, ale pre osobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje ako tak\u00e9 &#8211; teda vr\u00e1tane kamerov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch na prev\u00e1dzkach, pre spolo\u010dnosti prev\u00e1dzkuj\u00face ak\u00e9ko\u013evek slu\u017eby a tie\u017e pre \u0161t\u00e1tne in\u0161tit\u00facie. GDPR by malo zaru\u010dova\u0165, \u017ee osobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje, ku ktor\u00fdm sa dostane napr\u00edklad pol\u00edcia, nemaj\u00fa by\u0165 zneu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9, prax je ale ot\u00e1zna ako v \u0161t\u00e1tnej sf\u00e9re, tak v tej s\u00fakromnej.<\/p>\n<h3>Ako odblokova\u0165 zamknut\u00fd mobil?<\/h3>\n<p>Pod\u013ea Google je jedin\u00fd sp\u00f4sob, ako znova odblokova\u0165 telef\u00f3n, ktor\u00fd sa v\u00e1m nedopatren\u00edm podarilo zablokova\u0165 a neviete pr\u00eds\u0165 na sp\u00f4sob jeho odomknutia, jeho kompletn\u00e9 vymazanie. Teda resetovanie do tov\u00e1renskeho stavu. Pripom\u00edna, \u017ee \u00fadaje, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa z\u00e1lohovan\u00e9 v \u00fa\u010dte Google, teda napr\u00edklad fotky cez aplik\u00e1ciu Fotky \u010di e-maily, bud\u00fa po prihl\u00e1sen\u00ed sa do konta obnoven\u00e9, ale d\u00e1ta zo samotnej pam\u00e4te mobilu sa u\u017e vyma\u017e\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>Podobne je to aj v pri zariadeniach zna\u010dky Apple, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m iOS.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1 to svoj d\u00f4vod, preto\u017ee ak by existovali alternat\u00edvne mo\u017enosti odomknutia, nau\u010dil by sa ich ka\u017ed\u00fd zlodej. Napriek tomu st\u00e1le existuj\u00fa met\u00f3dy, ktor\u00fdmi je mo\u017en\u00e9 vnikn\u00fa\u0165 do telef\u00f3nu a z\u00edska\u0165 z neho d\u00e1ta, hoci sa jedn\u00e1 o proces n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd na v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00fa techniku a nejedn\u00e1 sa jednoduch\u00e9 obch\u00e1dzanie \u00favodnej zamykacej obrazovky.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Za posledn\u00fdch p\u00e4\u0165 rokov pol\u00edcia v USA vyu\u017eila extern\u00e9 firmy na odblokovanie telef\u00f3nov 50-tis\u00edc r\u00e1z.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6628","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6628","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6628"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6628\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6628"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6628"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6628"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}