{"id":6671,"date":"2020-12-03T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-12-02T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/vyuzitie-vodika-pomoze-znizit-emisie-aj-rozvinut-slovensky-priemysel\/"},"modified":"2020-12-03T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2020-12-02T23:00:00","slug":"vyuzitie-vodika-pomoze-znizit-emisie-aj-rozvinut-slovensky-priemysel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/vyuzitie-vodika-pomoze-znizit-emisie-aj-rozvinut-slovensky-priemysel\/","title":{"rendered":"Vyu\u017eitie vod\u00edka pom\u00f4\u017ee zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 emisie, aj rozvin\u00fa\u0165 slovensk\u00fd priemysel"},"content":{"rendered":"Ilustra\u010dn\u00e1 fotografia: Palivov\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky s vod\u00edkom v novej Toyote Mirai\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Vyu\u017eitie vod\u00edka bude hra\u0165 viac k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu vo viacer\u00fdch ekonom\u00edk, vr\u00e1tane tej slovenskej. V\u00fdsledkom bud\u00fa zmeny v odvetviach ako energetika, doprava, \u010di oblas\u0165 vykurovania. Pr\u00e1vnick\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 CMS vypracovala pr\u00edru\u010dku, ktor\u00e1 poskytuje poh\u013ead a n\u00e1zory vybran\u00fdch glob\u00e1lnych energetick\u00fdch expertov na t\u00fato oblas\u0165 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 poskytuje analytick\u00fd poh\u013ead na to, ako mo\u017eno vod\u00edk vyu\u017ei\u0165 v r\u00f4znych projektoch a ako m\u00f4\u017ee rozv\u00edja\u0165 r\u00f4zne sektory ekonom\u00edk na celom svete.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 dohody a ciele<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hnac\u00edm motorom pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu kraj\u00edn pri podpore vyu\u017eitia vod\u00edka bolo podp\u00edsanie Par\u00ed\u017eskej dohody, ktor\u00e1 signat\u00e1rov zav\u00e4zuje reagova\u0165 na hrozby zmeny kl\u00edmy. Niektor\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty sa zaviazali, \u017ee do roku 2050 dosiahnu <\/span><b>\u00faplne zastavenie<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> produkcie emisie sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov. Podobn\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u00e4zky prij\u00edmaj\u00fa aj ve\u013ek\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti, \u010di investori. Zn\u00ed\u017eeniu emisi\u00ed m\u00e1 pom\u00f4c\u0165 aj tzv. n\u00edzkouhl\u00edkov\u00fd vod\u00edk, ktor\u00fd by pom\u00e1hal zlep\u0161ova\u0165 kvalitu ovzdu\u0161ia v\u00a0mest\u00e1ch, podporoval by tvorbu\u00a0 nov\u00fdch pracovn\u00fdch miest, zlep\u0161oval by energetick\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a\u00a0poskytoval by tie\u017e potrebn\u00e9 slu\u017eby v\u00a0oblasti stability energetick\u00fdch siet\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201eDopyt po vod\u00edku sa od roku 1975 strojn\u00e1sobil a\u00a0st\u00e1le rastie. Aj ke\u010f je dnes vod\u00edk vyr\u00e1ban\u00fd takmer \u00faplne z\u00a0fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv, v\u010faka v\u00fdskumu sa zdokona\u013euj\u00fa nov\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby v\u00fdroby n\u00edzkouhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho vod\u00edka, ktor\u00fd pom\u00f4\u017ee dosiahnu\u0165 ciele zni\u017eovania emisi\u00ed,\u201c<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> hovor\u00ed Michal Hu\u0165an, partner a ved\u00faci lok\u00e1lneho t\u00edmu pre energetiku a infra\u0161trukt\u00faru CMS Slovensko.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Vod\u00edk v\u00a0slovenskom automobilovom priemysle<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vyu\u017eitie vod\u00edka je zatia\u013e u n\u00e1s v\u00a0po\u010diato\u010dnej f\u00e1ze, av\u0161ak verejn\u00fd i\u00a0s\u00fakromn\u00fd sektor u\u017e o\u00a0tieto projekty prejavil z\u00e1ujem. Podporilo ich aj Ministerstvo hospod\u00e1rstva SR, ktor\u00e9 je u\u00a0n\u00e1s zodpovedn\u00e9 za strat\u00e9giu vyu\u017eitia obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov energie a\u00a0celkov\u00fa dekarboniz\u00e1ciu slovensk\u00e9ho priemyslu a dopravy. Podpora vod\u00edkovej strat\u00e9gie by mala by\u0165 pod\u013ea ministerstva jednou z\u00a0hlavn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed Slovenskej inova\u010dnej a\u00a0energetickej agent\u00fary.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Automobilov\u00fd priemysel na Slovensku je najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm odvetv\u00edm a hybnou silou ekonomiky s 13% podielom na HDP. V roku 2019 tvoril automobilov\u00fd priemysel takmer polovicu z celkovej slovenskej priemyselnej v\u00fdroby (49,5 %), ako aj slovensk\u00e9ho v\u00fdvozu (46,6 %). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201eJednou z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdziev, ktor\u00fdm slovensk\u00fd automobilov\u00fd priemysel \u010del\u00ed, je zn\u00ed\u017eenie uhl\u00edkovej stopy a prejs\u0165 k n\u00edzkouhl\u00edkov\u00fdm zdrojom energie, ako napr\u00edklad vod\u00edk,\u201c<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> hovor\u00ed Michal Hu\u0165an.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Na Slovensku nie s\u00fa v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti zaregistrovan\u00e9 <\/span><b>\u017eiadne vozidl\u00e1 na vod\u00edkov\u00fd pohon<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a infra\u0161trukt\u00fara na vod\u00edkov\u00e9 palivo pre elektrick\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1 na palivov\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky e\u0161te neexistuje. Najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ou prek\u00e1\u017ekou je absencia siete vod\u00edkov\u00fdch \u010derpac\u00edch stan\u00edc. Ich z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 sie\u0165 by mala by\u0165 vybudovan\u00e1 do roku 2023.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Na spr\u00e1vanie slovensk\u00fdch z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov pri n\u00e1kupe vozidiel s\u00a0palivov\u00fdmi \u010dl\u00e1nkami vpl\u00fdva ich relat\u00edvne vysok\u00e1 cena v porovnan\u00ed s vozidlami so spa\u013eovac\u00edm motorom. Na druhej strane s\u00fa ceny vozidiel s\u00a0palivov\u00fdmi \u010dl\u00e1nkami v kateg\u00f3rii M1 pribli\u017ene na rovnakej \u00farovni ako bat\u00e9riov\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm ekonomick\u00fdm faktorom je cena paliva<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u201eVod\u00edk m\u00e1 v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti podobn\u00fa cenu ako benz\u00edn a nafta. Cena vod\u00edka je stabiln\u00e1 a v poslednej dobe kles\u00e1 z d\u00f4vodu zni\u017eovania jeho v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch n\u00e1kladov, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00a0bl\u00edzkej bud\u00facnosti ovplyvni\u0165 spr\u00e1vanie z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov,\u201c<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> vysvet\u013euje Michal Hu\u0165an.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Priemysel a vykurovanie<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Na Slovensku dnes p\u00f4sobia dvaja ve\u013ek\u00ed producenti vod\u00edka. Ide o chemick\u00e9 z\u00e1vody Fortischem v Nov\u00e1koch a Duslo \u0160a\u013ea. Vyroben\u00fd vod\u00edk firmy vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa hlavne pri ich vlastn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch procesoch a\u00a0nevyv\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa ho. Potenci\u00e1l na vyu\u017eitie vod\u00edka je v\u0161ak v\u00a0oblasti vykurovania. Slovensk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da zva\u017euje vyu\u017ei\u0165 potenci\u00e1l vod\u00edka vp\u00fa\u0161\u0165an\u00edm do siete na zemn\u00fd plyn, ktor\u00fd by vytla\u010dil spotrebu met\u00e1nu a zn\u00ed\u017eil emisie. V\u00a0prospech tohto projektu hovor\u00ed dobre rozvinut\u00e1 dom\u00e1ca rozvodn\u00e1 sie\u0165 zemn\u00e9ho plynu, ke\u010f\u017ee a\u017e 94 % popul\u00e1cie m\u00e1 k\u00a0nej pr\u00edstup. Distribu\u010dn\u00e1 sie\u0165 zemn\u00e9ho plynu poskytuje zemn\u00fd plyn pre viac ako 80 % dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed, ako aj pre komer\u010dn\u00e9 budovy. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina dod\u00e1van\u00e9ho plynu sa pritom pou\u017e\u00edva na vykurovanie.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201eMie\u0161anie vod\u00edka sa zatia\u013e na Slovensku nevyu\u017e\u00edva, ani nereguluje. O\u010dak\u00e1vali by sme v\u0161ak, \u017ee vykurovanie zemn\u00fdm plynom zostane dominantn\u00e9 a\u00a0tak vyu\u017eitie mixu vod\u00edka a\u00a0zemn\u00e9ho plynu by mohlo by\u0165 atrakt\u00edvne pre dosiahnutie cie\u013ea zn\u00ed\u017eenia emisi\u00ed v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed,\u201c <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hovor\u00ed Michal Hu\u0165an. Potrebn\u00e9 je v\u0161ak vyrie\u0161i\u0165 technick\u00e9 prek\u00e1\u017eky, ako napr\u00edklad mo\u017en\u00e1 kor\u00f3zia potrub\u00ed v\u00a0pr\u00edpade vy\u0161\u0161ej koncentr\u00e1cie vod\u00edka.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Bud\u00facnos\u0165 vyu\u017eitia vod\u00edka na Slovensku<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trh s vod\u00edkom na Slovensku sa zatia\u013e rozbieha a m\u00e1 perspekt\u00edvnu rastu. Hovor\u00ed o\u00a0tom aj ministerstvo hospod\u00e1rstva, pod\u013ea ktor\u00e9ho by malo by\u0165 amb\u00edciou Slovenska by\u0165 medzi l\u00eddrami v\u00a0oblasti alternat\u00edvnych pohonn\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch pre aut\u00e1. Bud\u00facnos\u0165 by mohol ma\u0165 aj v\u00fdskum a\u00a0v\u00fdvoj technol\u00f3gi\u00ed na skladovanie vod\u00edka. Obmedzen\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie vod\u00edka u\u00a0n\u00e1s zatia\u013e nepril\u00e1kalo s\u00fakromn\u00fdch investorov. Existuje v\u0161ak <\/span><b>verejn\u00e9 financovanie<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> na rozvoj obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov energie financovan\u00e9 zo \u0161t\u00e1tnych aj eur\u00f3pskych zdrojov.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201eZauj\u00edmavos\u0165ou je, \u017ee sa u n\u00e1s uva\u017euje aj o v\u00fdrobe n\u00edzkouhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho vod\u00edka pomocou jadrovej energie. S vyu\u017eit\u00edm \u0161tyroch reaktorov sa o\u010dak\u00e1va, \u017ee sa\u00a0 vyrob\u00ed viac jadrovej energie, ako je potrebn\u00e9 pre dom\u00e1cu spotrebu. Prebyto\u010dn\u00e1 energia by sa mohla pou\u017ei\u0165 na nap\u00e1janie elektrolyz\u00e9rov na v\u00fdrobu vod\u00edka,\u201c<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> hovor\u00ed Michal Hu\u0165an. Ak zoberieme do \u00favahy, \u017ee vo v\u00fdstavbe je piaty blok a\u00a0\u0161iesty sa pl\u00e1nuje, kapacita na v\u00fdrobu <\/span><b>vod\u00edka z\u00a0jadrovej energie<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by mohla e\u0161te st\u00fapnu\u0165.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zmeny pravdepodobne \u010dak\u00e1 <\/span><b>chemick\u00fd priemysel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, preto\u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina vod\u00edka, ktor\u00e1 sa v\u00a0\u0148om pou\u017e\u00edva, sa vyr\u00e1ba z\u00a0fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv. Slovensko zva\u017euje zavies\u0165 do syst\u00e9mu verejnej dopravy aj <\/span><b>autobusy na vod\u00edkov\u00fd pohon<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e boli \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9 nasaden\u00e9 do prev\u00e1dzky v\u00a0niektor\u00fdch eur\u00f3pskych mest\u00e1ch, napr\u00edklad v\u00a0susednej \u010ceskej republike.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201eAk chceme u\u00a0n\u00e1s splni\u0165 ciele zni\u017eovania emisi\u00ed formou vyu\u017e\u00edvania vod\u00edka, nemali by sme zab\u00fada\u0165 aj na pr\u00e1vnu str\u00e1nku. U\u00a0n\u00e1s, rovnako ako v\u00a0mnoh\u00fdch in\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch, zatia\u013e neexistuj\u00fa pr\u00e1vne normy pre vod\u00edkov\u00fa technol\u00f3giu a\u00a0projekty nemaj\u00fa \u017eiaden osobitn\u00fd regula\u010dn\u00fd r\u00e1mec,\u201c<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> hovor\u00ed Michal Hu\u0165an. Projekty na vyu\u017eitie vod\u00edka dnes prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa existuj\u00facim legislat\u00edvnym prostred\u00edm pre oblas\u0165 obnovite\u013enej energie.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Vod\u00edkov\u00e9 projekty na Slovensku<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V praxi u\u017e u n\u00e1s existuj\u00fa prv\u00e9 re\u00e1lne projekty. V obci <\/span><b>Mo\u010denok<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> schv\u00e1lila Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania finan\u010dn\u00e9 prostriedky na rozvoj nov\u00e9ho <\/span><b>parku vetern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rn\u00ed <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">s elektrolyz\u00e9rom na v\u00fdrobu vod\u00edka. Park bude postaven\u00fd ved\u013ea chemickej tov\u00e1rne Duslo. Po uveden\u00ed do prev\u00e1dzky sa pl\u00e1nuje, \u017ee tov\u00e1re\u0148 u\u017e nebude musie\u0165 vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 vod\u00edk pre svoje vlastn\u00e9 potreby z plynu, ale bude ho z\u00edskava\u0165 z veternej elektriny. Term\u00edn v\u00fdstavby veternej elektr\u00e1rne v\u0161ak zatia\u013e nebol stanoven\u00fd.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V bratislavskej <\/span><b>rafin\u00e9rii Slovnaft<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sa pl\u00e1nuje v nasleduj\u00facich rokoch postavi\u0165 nov\u00fd z\u00e1vod na v\u00fdrobu vod\u00edka zo zemn\u00e9ho plynu. Vod\u00edk z tohto v\u00fdrobn\u00e9ho z\u00e1vodu sa bude vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 preva\u017ene na intern\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 procesy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Majite\u013e spolo\u010dnosti Kia Motors, spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Hyundai Motor Group, m\u00e1 vo svojom portf\u00f3liu u\u017e vod\u00edkov\u00e9 automobily. Gener\u00e1lny riadite\u013e Kia Motors Slovakia uviedol, \u017ee v bud\u00facnosti by sa ur\u010dit\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 <\/span><b>v\u00fdroby vod\u00edkov\u00fdch automobilov<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> mohla realizova\u0165 v tov\u00e1rni v \u017diline.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00a0\u0161t\u00e1diu pr\u00edprav s\u00fa prv\u00e9 <\/span><b>vod\u00edkov\u00e9 \u010derpacie stanice<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ktor\u00e9 by mala postavi\u0165 Slovensk\u00e1 inova\u010dn\u00e1 a energetick\u00e1 agent\u00fara. V\u00a0hre je aj vyu\u017eitie 11 \u010derpac\u00edch stan\u00edc na CNG prev\u00e1dzkovan\u00fdch Slovensk\u00fdm plyn\u00e1rensk\u00fdm priemyslom, z\u00a0ktor\u00fdch by sa mohli sta\u0165 vod\u00edkov\u00e9 \u010derpacie stanice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Technick\u00e1 univerzita v Ko\u0161iciach navrhla <\/span><b>v\u00fdskumn\u00e9 stredisko<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pre vod\u00edk zameran\u00e9 na jeho vyu\u017eitie pre pohon osobn\u00fdch vozidiel. Zatia\u013e v\u0161ak nebol pre tento projekt stanoven\u00fd \u010dasov\u00fd r\u00e1mec. Zam\u00fd\u0161\u013ean\u00e9 centrum by realizovalo z\u00e1kladn\u00fd aj aplikovan\u00fd v\u00fdskum vo v\u00fdrobe, skladovan\u00ed a spa\u013eovan\u00ed vod\u00edka pre automobilov\u00fd priemysel.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Na Slovensku dnes p\u00f4sobia dvaja ve\u013ek\u00ed producenti vod\u00edka a v praxi u\u017e u n\u00e1s existuj\u00fa prv\u00e9 re\u00e1lne projekty jeho vyu\u017eitia.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6671","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6671","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6671"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6671\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6671"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6671"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6671"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}