{"id":6707,"date":"2021-01-13T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-01-12T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/ako-sa-automobilky-vyhnu-pokutam-za-co2-pomaha-im-aj-nafta\/"},"modified":"2021-01-13T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-01-12T23:00:00","slug":"ako-sa-automobilky-vyhnu-pokutam-za-co2-pomaha-im-aj-nafta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/ako-sa-automobilky-vyhnu-pokutam-za-co2-pomaha-im-aj-nafta\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako sa automobilky vyhn\u00fa pokut\u00e1m za CO2? Pom\u00e1ha im aj nafta"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pre eur\u00f3pske automobilky minul\u00fd rok za\u010dali plati\u0165 nov\u00e9 emisn\u00e9 normy od Eur\u00f3pskej komisie. Priemern\u00e9 emisie vozov\u00e9ho parku museli by\u0165 maxim\u00e1lne 95 gramov CO2 na kilometer prev\u00e1dzky a za ka\u017ed\u00fd gram nad tento limit automobilka zaplat\u00ed 95 eur (zo 120 gramov v roku 2018). Na ka\u017ed\u00e9 jedno vyroben\u00e9 auto. To automobilky n\u00fati nach\u00e1dza\u0165 nov\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby, ako sa vyhn\u00fa\u0165 astronomick\u00fdm pokut\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 bud\u00fa dosahova\u0165 desiatky a\u017e stovky mili\u00f3nov eur. Pod\u013ea niektor\u00fdch odhadov by tento rok mali tieto pokuty nadobudn\u00fa\u0165 neuverite\u013en\u00fd objem a\u017e 33 mili\u00e1rd eur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A od janu\u00e1ra 2021 tu m\u00e1me emisn\u00fa normu Euro 6D-FULL<\/strong>, teda doteraz najpr\u00edsnej\u0161iu normu, ak\u00e1 bola kedy na automobilky a ich aut\u00e1 uvalen\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Do roku 2030 maj\u00fa priemern\u00e9 emisie celej flotily klesn\u00fa\u0165 a\u017e na 37,5 percenta, \u010do v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti zodpoved\u00e1 hodnote cca 62 g CO2\/km pri osobn\u00fdch vozidl\u00e1ch, uv\u00e1dza nemeck\u00fd magaz\u00edn\u00a0WM.de.<\/p>\n<section class=\"content-preview-in-text-list\"><\/section>\n<p>Automobily s emisnou normou Euro 6d-TEMP-EVAP-ISC (emisn\u00fd k\u013e\u00fa\u010d \u010d\u00edslo 36DG) a Euro 6d-ISC (emisn\u00fd k\u013e\u00fa\u010d \u010d\u00edslo 36AM) je mo\u017en\u00e9 zaregistrova\u0165 prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t iba do 31. decembra 2020. Pokia\u013e ide o vozidl\u00e1 na sklade, v\u00fdrobca m\u00f4\u017ee po\u017eiada\u0165 o v\u00fdnimku, ale po 31. decembri 2021\u00a0<strong>u\u017e tieto vozidl\u00e1 nebud\u00fa m\u00f4c\u0165 by\u0165 prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t zaregistrovan\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u010co to znamen\u00e1 pre motoristov? Mo\u017eno aj dobr\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy. Predajcovia, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa naskladnen\u00e9 automobily s emisn\u00fdmi normami Euro 6d-TEMP-EVAP-ISC a Euro 6d-ISC, bud\u00fa ma\u0165 \u010fal\u0161iu motiv\u00e1ciu zbavi\u0165 sa skladov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob a eventu\u00e1lne m\u00f4\u017eu prist\u00fapi\u0165 k v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm z\u013eav\u00e1m. Alebo n\u00e1jdu sp\u00f4sob, ako z\u00e1konn\u00e9 podmienky ob\u00eds\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Na druhej strane mali v\u00fdrobcovia a predajcovia dos\u0165 \u010dasu, aby sa na to pripravili a napokon tento prechodn\u00fd rok pre nich nebude \u017eiadnym probl\u00e9mom a vplyv na z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov bude minim\u00e1lny.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pod\u013ea mnoh\u00fdch je v\u0161ak pr\u00e1ve toto naj\u0165a\u017e\u0161ia sk\u00fa\u0161ka, akou automobilov\u00fd priemysel kedy predch\u00e1dzal<\/strong>. Tieto n\u00e1roky sa t\u00fdkaj\u00fa iba eur\u00f3pskeho trhu, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee po\u010det z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov automobiliek je pomerne limitovan\u00fd a teda aj v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch pohonov bude nar\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 na ot\u00e1znu n\u00e1vratnos\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00e1 automobilka m\u00e1 in\u00fd sp\u00f4sob, ako sa chce s rie\u0161en\u00edm dlh\u0161\u00ed \u010das avizovan\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu vysporiada\u0165. Napr\u00edklad japonsk\u00e1 Toyota u\u017e pred rokmi stavila na klasick\u00e9 hybridy, ktor\u00e9 netreba nab\u00edja\u0165 k\u00e1blom a m\u00e1 tak v\u00fdznamn\u00fa konkuren\u010dn\u00fa v\u00fdhodu. Vo ve\u013ekom elektrifikuj\u00fa Hyundai, Kia, Daimler (Mercedes-Benz), Volkswagen a tie\u017e zna\u010dky obsiahnut\u00e9 v koncerne PSA, teda Peugeot, Citroen a Opel. Spome\u0148me elektromobily Opel Corsa e, nov\u00fd Citroen C4, Peugeot 208-e, Volkswagen ID.3 a ID.4, Mercedes-Benz EQC, ale d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa mild-hybridy, hybridy (Toyota Corolla, Kia Sorento) a plug-in hybridy (Kia Ceed PHEV, VW Touareg eHybrid, \u0160koda Octavia PHEV, &#8230;).<\/p>\n<p>Ako v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 sa zatia\u013e ukazuje preferova\u0165 plug-in hybridy a elektromobily, preto\u017ee v\u010faka nim maj\u00fa automobilky n\u00e1rok na takzvan\u00e9 superkredity, \u010do je v\u00fdhoda, ktor\u00e1 bude postupne ukon\u010den\u00e1 do dvoch rokov od ich zavedenia.<\/p>\n<h3>Priepas\u0165 emisi\u00ed CO2<\/h3>\n<p>Pod\u013ea Eur\u00f3pskeho \u0161tatistick\u00e9ho \u00faradu pre alternat\u00edvne paliv\u00e1 (European Alternative Fuels Observatory) tvorili bat\u00e9riou nap\u00e1jan\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1 (BEV) do okt\u00f3bra 2019 asi 1,7 percenta celkov\u00fdch eur\u00f3pskych registr\u00e1ci\u00ed. Hybridn\u00e9 doplnky boli na tom e\u0161te hor\u0161ie, iba s 1 percentom registr\u00e1ci\u00ed &#8211; rovnako ako v roku 2018. V roku 2020 sa situ\u00e1cia ale dramaticky zmenila.<\/p>\n<p>Agent\u00fara JATO Dynamics ozna\u010dila v\u00fdsledky roku 2020 za <strong>za\u010diatok revol\u00facie v Eur\u00f3pe<\/strong>. V skuto\u010dnosti s\u00fa v\u0161ak v\u00fdsledky skreslen\u00e9, ke\u010f\u017ee medzi elektrifikovan\u00e9 aut\u00e1 zaradila okrem elektromobilov, plug-in hybridov a full-hybridov aj mild-hybridn\u00e9 aut\u00e1. To s\u00fa v podstate be\u017en\u00e9 aut\u00e1 so spa\u013eovac\u00edm motorom, kde je elektromotor iba nepatrn\u00fdm doplnkom neschopn\u00fdm poh\u00e1\u0148a\u0165 cel\u00e9 vozidlo.<\/p>\n<p>Rebr\u00ed\u010dek najpred\u00e1vanej\u0161\u00edch hybridov vedie Toyota Corolla s 15 000 predan\u00fdmi kusmi, po nej nasleduje Ford Puma s 12 251 kusmi a tretie miesto obsadila Toyota CH-R s 12 000 kusmi. Spomedzi plug-in hybridov sa najviac darilo Mercedesu-Benz triedy A (takmer 5000), Volvu XC40 (4000) a Audi Q5 (3000). Najpred\u00e1vanej\u0161\u00edm elektromobilom sa stala Tesla Model 3 s 15 702 predan\u00fdmi kusmi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Emisn\u00e1 medzera sa za posledn\u00fd rok ve\u013emi nezmenila, tvrdia analytici. \u201e<em>Vzh\u013eadom na \u201epriepas\u0165 CO2\u201c, ktor\u00e9mu toto odvetvie \u010del\u00ed, &#8230; dalo by sa d\u00fafa\u0165 v plynul\u00fd prechod k zlep\u0161eniu palivovej efekt\u00edvnosti<\/em>,\u201c uviedol v decembri v spr\u00e1ve <strong>Arndt Ellinghorst z ISI<\/strong>. \u201e<em>Namiesto toho na\u010falej pozorujeme len ve\u013emi mal\u00e9 zlep\u0161enie<\/em>.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>&quot;<em>S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd v\u00fdkon v oblasti CO2 jednoducho nie je dos\u0165 dobr\u00fd,\u201c dod\u00e1va.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Nedostatok pokroku v emisi\u00e1ch CO2 v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 strategick\u00fd<\/em>, tvrd\u00ed <strong>Al Bedwell<\/strong>, <strong>riadite\u013e glob\u00e1lneho predpovedania pohonn\u00fdch jednotiek v spolo\u010dnosti LMC Automotive<\/strong>. \u201e<em>Nemali by sme by\u0165 prekvapen\u00ed, \u017ee trend v oblasti CO2 sa pre mnoh\u00e9 automobilky e\u0161te neza\u010dal ubera\u0165 pozit\u00edvnym smerom<\/em>,\u201c uviedol v spr\u00e1ve. \u201e<em>V\u00fdrobcovia automobilov nie s\u00fa motivovan\u00ed k tomu, aby za\u010dali pred\u00e1va\u0165 svoje najefekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie v\u00fdrobky do janu\u00e1ra<\/em>, <em>osobitne t\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 menej ziskov\u00e9, ako s\u00fa napr\u00edklad hybridn\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1 typu plug-in.<\/em>&quot;<\/p>\n<p>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm faktorom bude motiv\u00e1cia z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov. Bude potrebn\u00e9 spotrebite\u013eov presved\u010di\u0165, \u017ee tieto elektrifikovan\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1 skuto\u010dne chc\u00fa a potrebuj\u00fa, \u010do je \u00falohou nielen automobiliek, ale aj vl\u00e1d. A tie musia vytvori\u0165 podmienky preto, aby mala k\u00fapa tak\u00e9hoto vozidla racion\u00e1lny z\u00e1klad.<\/p>\n<div class=\"block block-ctools-block block-entity-fieldnodefield-paragraphs\" data-block-plugin-id=\"entity_field:node:field_paragraphs\">\n<div class=\"field field--name-field-paragraphs field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden article-paragraph field__items\">\n<div class=\"item--paragraph--type--body field__item\">\n<div class=\"block block-\">\n<div class=\"field--name-field-paragraph-body\">\n<p class=\"paragraph-newsletter-17\">Analytici uviedli, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 z takt\u00edk na zv\u00fd\u0161enie predaja by mohli zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 vlastn\u00fa registr\u00e1ciu pomaly sa pred\u00e1vaj\u00facich elektrick\u00fdch alebo plug-in hybridov, v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 zmluvy o pren\u00e1jme pre zamestnancov, predaj kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch pren\u00e1jmov a zameranie na predaj vozov\u00e9ho parku, kde s\u00fa prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady \u010dasto vy\u0161\u0161ie.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph-newsletter-17\">Napr\u00edklad spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) sa zaviazala zaplati\u0165 spolo\u010dnosti Tesla stovky mili\u00f3nov eur za pripojenie sa k zdru\u017eeniu emisi\u00ed, aby mohla \u0165a\u017ei\u0165 z predaja elektromobilov spolo\u010dnosti Silicon Valley v Eur\u00f3pe. \u00da\u010das\u0165 na k\u0161eftovan\u00ed s emisn\u00fdmi povolenkami sa zd\u00e1 by\u0165 ako jedna z ciest, ako sa vyhn\u00fa\u0165 finan\u010dn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom. Len\u017ee tento syst\u00e9m nie je udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph-newsletter-17\">O tom, pre\u010do existuj\u00fa a ako funguj\u00fa emisn\u00e9 povolenky, sme p\u00edsali v samostatnom \u010dl\u00e1nku:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"mBPVVATm9g\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unitedlife.sk\/co2-je-prave-najdrahsie-v-historii\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">CO2 je pr\u00e1ve najdrah\u0161ie v hist\u00f3rii, m\u00e1 nar\u00e1s\u0165 na vy\u0161e dvojn\u00e1sobok<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;CO2 je pr\u00e1ve najdrah\u0161ie v hist\u00f3rii, m\u00e1 nar\u00e1s\u0165 na vy\u0161e dvojn\u00e1sobok&#8221; &#8212; UnitedLife\" src=\"https:\/\/www.unitedlife.sk\/co2-je-prave-najdrahsie-v-historii\/embed\/#?secret=bbx1GXmZ7Y#?secret=mBPVVATm9g\" data-secret=\"mBPVVATm9g\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"block block-crain-idio block-crain-inline-idio-block\" data-block-plugin-id=\"crain_inline_idio_block\"><\/div>\n<div data-block-plugin-id=\"crain_inline_idio_block\">\n<h3>Rie\u0161enie st\u00e1le spo\u010d\u00edva v nafte<\/h3>\n<p>Jedno rie\u0161enie, minim\u00e1lne na roky 2020 a 2021, sa m\u00f4\u017ee skr\u00fdva\u0165 v naftov\u00fdch motoroch. Po tom, \u010do trhov\u00fd podiel nafty v posledn\u00fdch nieko\u013ek\u00fdch rokoch v\u00fdrazne klesol, sa zd\u00e1, \u017ee predaj sa stabilne dr\u017e\u00ed na pribli\u017ene 30 a\u017e 32 percent\u00e1ch eur\u00f3pskeho trhu. \u201e<em>Vid\u00edme stabiliz\u00e1ciu podielu nafty<\/em>,\u201c uviedol <strong>Martin Benecke<\/strong>, analytik IHS Markit. \u201e<em>Zatia\u013e je to dobr\u00fd n\u00e1stroj na zn\u00ed\u017eenie \u00farovne CO2 a pre firemn\u00e9 automobily alebo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie SUV zost\u00e1va nafta jedinou mo\u017enos\u0165ou<\/em>, <em>ako zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 emisie<\/em>\u201c. Varoval v\u0161ak, \u017ee ak\u00fdko\u013evek bud\u00faci n\u00e1rast emisi\u00ed pre vznetov\u00e9 motoriz\u00e1cie bude drah\u00fd.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-block-plugin-id=\"crain_inline_idio_block\">\n<p>Niektor\u00e9 automobilky nahr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa vysokov\u00fdkonn\u00e9 benz\u00ednov\u00e9 modely dieselov\u00fdmi motormi, vr\u00e1tane vysoko v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho radu S od spolo\u010dnosti Audi. Z dlhodob\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska pod\u013ea Bedwella bud\u00fa aut\u00e1 ako Audi SQ5 \u201ehlavn\u00fdmi kandid\u00e1tmi\u201c na nap\u00e1janie z akumul\u00e1tora a elektrickej energie, \u201e<em>ale teraz m\u00e1 nafta alebo benz\u00ednov\u00fd plug-in hybrid ve\u013ek\u00fd zmysel<\/em>.\u201c<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"block block-crain-idio block-crain-recommend-flyout-block\" data-block-plugin-id=\"crain_recommend_flyout_block\">\n<div class=\"idio_flyout_widget show-flyout\">\n<div class=\"flyout-main-wrap\">\n<div class=\"flyout-recomended\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Po roku drastick\u00fdch pok\u00fat pre automobilky je nafta jednou z mo\u017enost\u00ed, ako racion\u00e1lne zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 flotilov\u00e9 emisie.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6707","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6707","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6707"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6707\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6707"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6707"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6707"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}