L\u00edtium-i\u00f3nov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie s\u00fa to, \u010do poh\u00e1\u0148a s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 elektromobily a n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1. Napr\u00edklad elektromobilov\u00fd gigant Tesla pl\u00e1nuje do roku 2030 doda\u0165 svojim vozidl\u00e1m kapacitu na v\u00fdrobu bat\u00e9rie 3 terawatthodiny. To je n\u00e1rast o viac ako 50-n\u00e1sobok dne\u0161nej dostupnej ponuky.<\/p>\n
Gener\u00e1lny riadite\u013e spolo\u010dnosti Tesla, Elon Musk, ned\u00e1vno na twitteri uviedol, \u017ee si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee toto odvetvie by mohlo do roku 2027 vyrobi\u0165 30 mili\u00f3nov elektrick\u00fdch vozidiel na bat\u00e9riu, preto\u017ee aj ostatn\u00ed v\u00fdrobcovia automobilov za\u010dn\u00fa vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 modely elektromobilov.<\/p>\n
Napr\u00edklad automobilka Volvo chce v roku 2030 pred\u00e1va\u0165 u\u017e iba elektromobily, kompletne elektrick\u00e9 sa stalo portf\u00f3lio zna\u010dky Smart, \u0165ah\u00fanom elektroautomobilizmu v Eur\u00f3pe je Renault, v obrovskej miere svoje automobily elektrifikuj\u00fa zna\u010dky Mercedes-Benz, Kia, Hyundai, ale aj Volkswagen a tie\u017e franc\u00fazski v\u00fdrobcovia Citroen a Peugeot. Americko-taliansko-franc\u00fazsky Jeep u\u017e za\u010dal pred\u00e1va\u0165 verzie svojich off-roadov s plug-in hybridn\u00fdm pohonom 4\u00d7e… a v\u0161ade v t\u00fdchto automobiloch s\u00fa pou\u017eit\u00e9 l\u00edtium-i\u00f3nov\u00e9 akumul\u00e1tory.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
V\u00fdskumn\u00fd t\u00edm spolo\u010dnosti Morgan Stanley zverejnil interakt\u00edvny model ponuky a dopytu l\u00edtia kr\u00e1tko potom, \u010do spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Tesla uskuto\u010dnila svoj de\u0148 technol\u00f3gie bat\u00e9ri\u00ed 22. septembra. T\u00edm tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee glob\u00e1lna v\u00fdroba ekvivalentu uhli\u010ditanu l\u00edtneho predstavovala v roku 2019 asi 380 000 ton. tretina bola ur\u010den\u00e1 pre l\u00edtium-i\u00f3nov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie vlo\u017een\u00e9 do elektrick\u00fdch vozidiel.<\/p>\n
Priemysel po\u010d\u00edta s dod\u00e1vkami l\u00edtia vo forme uhli\u010ditan l\u00edtneho. Uhli\u010ditan l\u00edtny je so\u013e, ktor\u00e1 je stabiln\u00e1. L\u00edtny kov je zo soli rafinovan\u00fd a vy\u017eaduje si \u0161peci\u00e1lnu manipul\u00e1ciu, preto\u017ee je vysoko reakt\u00edvny a \u017eierav\u00fd. Na v\u00fdrobu tony kovov\u00e9ho l\u00edtia je potrebn\u00fdch asi 5,3 tony uhli\u010ditanu l\u00edtneho.<\/p>\n
Typick\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok bat\u00e9rie EV m\u00e1 v sebe to\u013eko gramov l\u00edtia, ko\u013eko v\u00e1\u017ei polovica \u010dajovej ly\u017ei\u010dky cukru. Typick\u00fd elektromobil m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 asi p\u00e4ttis\u00edc bat\u00e9riov\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nkov. Vo v\u00fdsledku tak jedin\u00fd elektromobil potrebuje asi 10 kilogramov\u00a0 l\u00edtia. Tona l\u00edtiov\u00e9ho kovu sta\u010d\u00ed na v\u00fdrobu asi 90 elektromobilov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Stavba mili\u00f3na automobilov si vy\u017eaduje asi 60 000 ton l\u00edtia v podobe kovu. Dosiahnutie 30% trhov\u00e9ho podielu, ako uviedol zverejnil Musk na twitteri, \u010do je zhruba 30 mili\u00f3nov automobilov, by v roku 2019 predstavovalo zhruba 1,8 mili\u00f3na ton kovov\u00e9ho l\u00edtia, \u010do je p\u00e4\u0165kr\u00e1t viac celkov\u00fd objem \u0165a\u017eby l\u00edtia v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti.<\/p>\n L\u00edtiov\u00fd priemysel mus\u00ed na roz\u0161\u00edrenie svojej \u0165a\u017eobnej kapacity min\u00fa\u0165 zhruba 7 mili\u00e1rd dol\u00e1rov. A to je pokles objemu v porovnan\u00ed s invest\u00edciami potrebn\u00fdmi na v\u00fdrobu bat\u00e9ri\u00ed a mont\u00e1\u017e automobilov.<\/p>\n \u010co ak ceny l\u00edtia ako komodity prudko st\u00fapnu? Mohlo by to zabi\u0165 cel\u00fd v\u00fdvoj elektromobility? Je to mo\u017en\u00e9, ale nepravdepodobn\u00e9<\/strong>. Cena uhli\u010ditanu l\u00edtneho bola v roku 2019 zhruba 12 000 dol\u00e1rov za tonu. Ak by cena st\u00fapla dvojn\u00e1sobne, n\u00e1klady na jeden elektromobil by museli st\u00fapnu\u0165 o nieko\u013eko stoviek dol\u00e1rov, \u010do vzh\u013eadom k celkovej cene vozidla pre koncov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kazn\u00edka nemus\u00ed by\u0165 probl\u00e9mom.<\/p>\n Do celej veci v\u0161ak vstupuj\u00fa nov\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie pre usklad\u0148ovanie elektrickej energie a tie\u017e d\u00f4sledn\u00e1 recykl\u00e1cia star\u00fdch bat\u00e9ri\u00ed a vyu\u017e\u00edvanie ich potenci\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n Napr\u00edklad s \u00fadajn\u00fdm prelomom v danej oblasti teraz prich\u00e1dza nemeck\u00e1 firma Innolith, ktor\u00e1 ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee v laborat\u00f3riu vyv\u00edja dob\u00edjate\u013en\u00fa bat\u00e9riu s energetickou hustotou 1000 Wh\/kg . S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 elektromobily by s tak\u00fdmi akumul\u00e1tormi mali bez probl\u00e9mov prejs\u0165 na jedno nabitie aj viac ako tis\u00edc kilometrov. Innolith pou\u017e\u00edva nehor\u013eav\u00fd anorganick\u00fd elektrolyt, \u010do znamen\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161iu bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 v porovnan\u00ed s dnes be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi akumul\u00e1tormi, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa hor\u013eav\u00fd a organick\u00fd elektrolyt.<\/p>\n \u010eal\u0161\u00edm rie\u0161en\u00edm je d\u00f4sledn\u00e1 a syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 recykl\u00e1cia bat\u00e9ri\u00ed. S tak\u00fdmto rie\u0161en\u00edm pri\u0161iel priemyseln\u00fd koncern Hyundai Motor Group, pod ktor\u00fd patria automobilov\u00e9 zna\u010dky Hyundai, Kia a Genesis, najnov\u0161ie aj Ioniq. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 nadviazala spolupr\u00e1cu s firmou SK Innovation Co. s cie\u013eom vytvori\u0165 komplexn\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m pre spr\u00e1vne nakladanie s pou\u017eit\u00fdmi bat\u00e9riami. Spolupr\u00e1ca m\u00e1 prin\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 prv\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky pr\u00e1ve v s\u00favislosti s vyu\u017eit\u00edm akumul\u00e1torov pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v elektromobiloch Kia e-Niro (resp. Niro EV). Ako presne sa bud\u00fa bat\u00e9rie spracov\u00e1va\u0165 v bud\u00facnosti, je dnes e\u0161te ot\u00e1zkou, no Hyundai, Kia a SK Innovation Co. maj\u00fa z\u00e1ujem vytvori\u0165 kompletn\u00fd re\u0165azec, ktor\u00fd nielen vr\u00e1ti bat\u00e9rie do prev\u00e1dzky, ale ich aj vhodne spracuje pre definit\u00edvne ukon\u010denie ich \u201e\u017eivota\u201c.<\/p>\n A in\u00e9 rie\u0161enia m\u00f4\u017eu dokonca z\u00e1sadn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom zredukova\u0165 potrebu pou\u017e\u00edvania l\u00edtia ako tak\u00e9ho. Vedeck\u00ed pracovn\u00edci z Fraunhoferovho in\u0161tit\u00fatu zverejnili spr\u00e1vu o v\u00fdznamnom technologickom pokroku, vytvoren\u00ed magn\u00e9ziovej substancie \u201ePowerpaste\u201c, ktor\u00e1 via\u017ee vod\u00edk s desa\u0165n\u00e1sobkom energetickej hustoty l\u00edtiov\u00fdch bat\u00e9riov\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nkov. Vod\u00edkov\u00e1 pasta v\u0161ak obsahuje aj hor\u010d\u00edk a \u010fal\u0161ie chemick\u00e9 prvky, navy\u0161e technol\u00f3gia m\u00e1 \u010faleko od re\u00e1lneho vyu\u017eitia v praxi.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Zdroje tohto \u010dl\u00e1nku:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Zmena pohonu \u00e1ut zo spa\u013eovac\u00edch motorov na elektrick\u00e9 so sebou prin\u00e1\u0161a pozit\u00edva, ale aj rizik\u00e1. Bat\u00e9rie v podobe, ako ich pozn\u00e1me teraz, m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pre automobilky novodob\u00fdm stra\u0161iakom pre ich k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa komoditu – l\u00edtium.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6762","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6762","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6762"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6762\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6762"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6762"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6762"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Mo\u017eno sa ob\u00e1vame zbyto\u010dne<\/h3>\n
\n