Vakc\u00edny od firiem Pfizer \/ BioNTech a Moderna maj\u00fa vysok\u00fa mieru efekt\u00edvnosti: 95 a 94 percent. Ale Johnson & Johnson? Len 66%. Ak sledujete len tieto \u00fadaje, je prirodzen\u00e9 si myslie\u0165, \u017ee jedny vakc\u00edny s\u00fa hor\u0161ie ako druh\u00e9. Tak to ale nie je. Tieto \u010d\u00edsla nie s\u00fa najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm meradlom toho, ako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 tieto vakc\u00edny s\u00fa.<\/p>\n
Aby sme to ale pochopili, mus\u00edte najprv pochopi\u0165, ako maj\u00fa vakc\u00edny vlastne fungova\u0165<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Miera \u00fa\u010dinnosti vakc\u00edny sa po\u010d\u00edta po\u010das ve\u013ek\u00fdch klinick\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed<\/strong>, kedy sa vakc\u00edna testuje na desiatkach tis\u00edcoch \u013eud\u00ed. \u013dudia sa v nich delia do dvoch skup\u00edn: polovica dostane vakc\u00ednu a druh\u00e1 polovica placebo. T\u00edto \u013eudia potom \u017eij\u00fa svoje norm\u00e1lne \u017eivoty, zatia\u013e \u010do vedci monitoruj\u00fa, \u010di sa po\u010das nieko\u013ek\u00fdch mesiacov nakazili ochoren\u00edm Covid-19, alebo nie.<\/p>\n Na \u0161t\u00fadii vakc\u00edny Pfizer \/ BioNTech sa napr\u00edklad podie\u013ealo 43 000 \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov. Nakoniec sa covidom nakazilo 170 \u013eud\u00ed. A do ktorej z t\u00fdchto skup\u00edn t\u00edto \u013eudia patria, rozhoduje o \u00fa\u010dinnosti vakc\u00edny<\/strong>. Ak je 170 chor\u00fdch rovnomerne rozdelen\u00fdch do oboch skup\u00edn, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee pravdepodobnos\u0165 n\u00e1kazy je rovnak\u00e1 s o\u010dkovan\u00edm aj bez neho. Miera \u00fa\u010dinnosti o\u010dkovania je tak nula percent. Ak v\u0161etk\u00fdch 170 \u013eud\u00ed patr\u00ed do skupiny s placebom a nikto s o\u010dkovan\u00edm neochorel, m\u00e1 o\u010dkovanie \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 100%.<\/p>\n Po\u010das tejto konkr\u00e9tnej \u0161t\u00fadie bolo v skupine s placebom 162 \u013eud\u00ed a len osem v skupine o\u010dkovan\u00fdch. Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee o\u010dkovan\u00e9 \u013eudia maj\u00fa o 95% men\u0161iu pravdepodobnos\u0165, \u017ee sa nakazia. Vakc\u00edna mala \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 95%. Neznamen\u00e1 to ale, \u017ee ke\u010f sa 100 \u013eud\u00ed nao\u010dkuje, p\u00e4\u0165 z nich ochorie.<\/p>\n T\u00fdch 95 percent sa vz\u0165ahuje na konkr\u00e9tneho jedinca<\/strong>. Ka\u017ed\u00fd o\u010dkovan\u00fd m\u00e1 o 95% ni\u017e\u0161iu pravdepodobnos\u0165 oproti \u013eu\u010fom bez o\u010dkovania, \u017ee ochorie, ak sa stretne s koronav\u00edrusom.<\/p>\n Zatia\u013e \u010do miera \u00fa\u010dinnosti ka\u017edej vakc\u00edny sa vypo\u010d\u00edtava \u00faplne rovnakom, testovanie vakc\u00edn m\u00f4\u017ee prebieha\u0165 za ve\u013emi rozdielnych podmienok. Ke\u010f sa na tieto \u010d\u00edsla pozer\u00e1me, jedn\u00fdm z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch faktorov je obdobie, kedy sa klinick\u00e9 testy vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Ni\u017e\u0161ie je graf s po\u010dtom denn\u00fdch pr\u00edpadov choroby Covid-19 v USA od za\u010diatku pand\u00e9mie. Testy vakc\u00edny od Moderny prebehli v\u00fdhradne v USA, a to v lete. Testy vakc\u00edny Pfizer \/ BioNTech sa prim\u00e1rne tie\u017e vykon\u00e1vali v USA, a to v rovnakom \u010dase. Johnson & Johnson v\u0161ak testy vykon\u00e1vali v USA v \u010dase, ke\u010f \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci testov mali podstatne v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu mo\u017enos\u0165 by\u0165 vystaven\u00ed n\u00e1kaze.<\/p>\n V\u00fdvoj po\u010dtu nov\u00fdch pr\u00edpadov Covid-19 v USA od za\u010diatku pand\u00e9mie a po\u010das klinick\u00e9ho otestovania vakc\u00edn | reprofoto VOX\n V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina testov vakc\u00edny od Johnson & Johnson sa v\u0161ak vykon\u00e1vala v in\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch, preva\u017ene v Ju\u017enej Afrike a Braz\u00edlii.<\/p>\n A v t\u00fdchto krajin\u00e1ch bol nielen vysok\u00fd po\u010det nov\u00fdch pr\u00edpadov, ale aj samotn\u00fd v\u00edrus bol in\u00fd. Testy sa robili v \u010dase, ke\u010f sa objavovali nov\u00e9 varianty choroby Covid-19 a stali sa v t\u00fdchto krajin\u00e1ch dominantn\u00fdmi. Varianty choroby, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa ove\u013ea n\u00e1kazlivej\u0161ie. V Ju\u017enej Afrike bola v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina pr\u00edpadov v testoch Johnson & Johnson sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 t\u00fdmto variantom, a nie p\u00f4vodn\u00fdm kme\u0148om v\u00edrusu, ktor\u00fd sa v lete vyskytoval v USA.<\/p>\n Napriek tomu v\u010faka tomu do\u0161lo k v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu zn\u00ed\u017eeniu v\u00fdskytu infekcie. Ak sa sna\u017e\u00edte vakc\u00edny medzi sebou porovna\u0165, museli by by\u0165 ich testy vykon\u00e1van\u00e9 v rovnakej \u0161t\u00fadii, s rovnak\u00fdmi krit\u00e9riami, v rovnakej \u010dasti sveta, v rovnakom \u010dase<\/strong>. Ke\u010f porovn\u00e1me vakc\u00ednu od Pfizeru a modern\u00e9 a znovu by sme vykonali ich testy v rovnakom \u010dase ako Johnson & Johnson, najsk\u00f4r by sme videli rozdielnu mieru \u00fa\u010dinnosti. Miera \u00fa\u010dinnosti v\u00e1m len povie, \u010do sa stalo po\u010das testovania danej vakc\u00edny, ale u\u017e nie, \u010do sa naozaj stane.<\/strong><\/p>\n Mnoho expertov pod\u013ea VOX tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee nejde o najlep\u0161\u00ed \u00fadaj pre posudzovanie vakc\u00edn, ke\u010f\u017ee cie\u013eom o\u010dkovania nie je v\u017edy absol\u00fatna ochrana pred chorobou<\/strong>. Cie\u013eom o\u010dkovania proti Covid-19 nie je nutne ma\u0165 nulov\u00fd po\u010det pr\u00edpadov, ale sk\u00f4r v\u00edrus skroti\u0165, oslabi\u0165 ho, vykoreni\u0165 schopnos\u0165 v\u00edrusu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fa chorobu, hospitaliz\u00e1ciu a smr\u0165<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Za najlep\u0161\u00edch podmienok v\u00e1m vakc\u00edny poskytn\u00fa ochranu do takej miery, \u017ee sa v\u00f4bec nenakaz\u00edte. Ale re\u00e1lne sa nejedn\u00e1 o hlavn\u00fd cie\u013e vakc\u00edn, t\u00fdm cie\u013eom je doda\u0165 telu dostato\u010dn\u00fa ochranu<\/strong>, tak\u017ee a\u017e chyt\u00edte nov\u00fd koronav\u00edrus, bude to sk\u00f4r ako chyti\u0165 n\u00e1dchu, ne\u017e d\u00f4vod na pobyt v nemocnici.<\/p>\n A to je nie\u010do, \u010do dok\u00e1\u017ee ktor\u00e1ko\u013evek vakc\u00edna proti Covid-19<\/strong>. Vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch testoch boli niektor\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci z placebo skupiny hospitalizovan\u00ed, alebo dokonca na t\u00fato chorobu zomreli. Ale ani jeden o\u010dkovan\u00fd \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch klinick\u00fdch testov nebol hospitalizovan\u00fd alebo nezomrel na Covid-19. Vakc\u00edny tak<\/p>\n \u00da\u010dinnos\u0165 je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1. Ale nie je \u00faplne najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ia. Ot\u00e1zkou nie je, ktor\u00e1 vakc\u00edna v\u00e1s ochr\u00e1ni pred koronav\u00edrusovou n\u00e1kazou, ale ktor\u00e1 z nich v\u00e1s udr\u017e\u00ed na\u017eive alebo mimo nemocnice. Ktor\u00e1 n\u00e1m pom\u00f4\u017ee ukon\u010di\u0165 pand\u00e9miu? Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z nich. Najlep\u0161ia vakc\u00edna je pre v\u00e1s t\u00e1, ktor\u00fa v\u00e1m pon\u00faknu. S ka\u017edou d\u00e1vkou aplikovanou do niekoho ruky sa bl\u00ed\u017eime ku koncu tejto pand\u00e9mie.<\/p>\n Zdroje: Report\u00e1\u017e VOX, preklad od Videacesky.cz<\/em><\/p>\n [visual-link-preview encoded=“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“]<\/p>\n [visual-link-preview encoded=“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″]<\/p>\n [visual-link-preview encoded=“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″]<\/p>\n [visual-link-preview encoded=“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“]<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Miera \u00fa\u010dinnosti vakc\u00edn na Covid-19, ktor\u00e1 sa \u010dasto uv\u00e1dza ako hlavn\u00e9 meradlo kvality, je v skuto\u010dnosti podstatne komplikovanej\u0161ia z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165, ne\u017e sa m\u00f4\u017ee zda\u0165.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6809","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6809","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6809"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6809\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6809"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6809"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6809"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}