{"id":6812,"date":"2021-04-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-04-14T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/existuje-suvislost-medzi-kreativitou-a-dusevnymi-poruchami\/"},"modified":"2021-04-15T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-04-14T23:00:00","slug":"existuje-suvislost-medzi-kreativitou-a-dusevnymi-poruchami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/existuje-suvislost-medzi-kreativitou-a-dusevnymi-poruchami\/","title":{"rendered":"Existuje s\u00favislos\u0165 medzi kreativitou a du\u0161evn\u00fdmi poruchami?"},"content":{"rendered":"Spev\u00e1\u010dka Amy Winehouse (Foto: Jon Tyson)\n<p>V\u00fdskumy ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee mnoho v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch tvorcov, najm\u00e4 v oblasti umenia, malo drsn\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti z ran\u00e9ho \u017eivota (ako napr\u00edklad soci\u00e1lne odmietnutie, strata rodi\u010dov alebo fyzick\u00e9 postihnutie). Taktie\u017e v\u00fdsledky r\u00f4znych \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed nazna\u010duj\u00fa zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fa mieru <strong>schizofr\u00e9nie<\/strong>, <strong>maniodepres\u00edvnej poruchy<\/strong>, <strong>depresie<\/strong>, <strong>poruchy osobnosti<\/strong> or <strong>alkoholizmu<\/strong> u tvoriv\u00fdch jedincov.<\/p>\n<p>Aj ke\u010f je zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee <strong>emo\u010dn\u00e1 nestabilita zvy\u010dajne \u0161kod\u00ed tvorivosti, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 tie\u017e v\u00fdhodn\u00e1<\/strong>. M\u00f4\u017ee poskytn\u00fa\u0165 intenz\u00edvnu motiv\u00e1ciu, presved\u010denie, egocentrizmus, nekonven\u010dnos\u0165, predstavivos\u0165 a in\u0161pir\u00e1ciu potrebn\u00fa pre nov\u00e9 objavy.<\/p>\n<p>V hist\u00f3rii m\u00f4\u017eeme n\u00e1js\u0165 ve\u013ea pr\u00edpadov, ktor\u00e9 nasved\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee u umelcov a \u013eud\u00ed vykon\u00e1vaj\u00facich kreat\u00edvnu profesiu je <strong>v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie riziko v\u00fdskytu<\/strong> <strong>psychick\u00fdch por\u00fach<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00fdm z najsl\u00e1vnej\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edpadov je <strong>Vincent van Gogh<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd mal pomerne v\u00e1\u017ene du\u0161evn\u00e9 \u0165a\u017ekosti a musel by\u0165 aj nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t hospitalizovan\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Takisto sa to t\u00fdka aj maliara <strong>Edvarda Muncha<\/strong> alebo spisovate\u013eky <strong>Virgiinie Woolfovej<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00a0ned\u00e1vnej hist\u00f3rie m\u00f4\u017eeme spomen\u00fa\u0165 napr\u00edklad spev\u00e1ka <strong>Kurta Cobaina<\/strong> alebo spev\u00e1\u010dku <strong>Amy Winehouse<\/strong>. T\u00edto legend\u00e1rni a ve\u013emi nevyrovnan\u00ed umelci pristupovali k svojej tvorbe s ve\u013ekou emocion\u00e1lnou intenzitou, ktor\u00e1 bola ovplyvnen\u00e1 hlbok\u00fdmi depresiami.<\/p>\n<p>V ned\u00e1vnej spr\u00e1ve zalo\u017eenej na 40-ro\u010dnej \u0161t\u00fadii, ktor\u00e1 sa venovala zhruba 1,2 mili\u00f3nom \u0160v\u00e9dov, <strong>Simon Kyaga<\/strong> a jeho kolegovia zistili, \u017ee s v\u00fdnimkou bipol\u00e1rnych por\u00fach, u os\u00f4b vo vedeck\u00fdch a umeleck\u00fdch profesi\u00e1ch, nie je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia pravdepodobnos\u0165 v\u00fdskytu psychiatrick\u00fdch por\u00fach. Plnohodnotne rozvinut\u00e9 du\u0161evn\u00e9 ochorenie nezv\u00fd\u0161ilo pravdepodobnos\u0165 vstupu do tvorivej profesie. Zar\u00e1\u017eaj\u00face v\u0161ak bolo, \u017ee s\u00farodenci pacientov s <strong>autizmom<\/strong> a pr\u00edbuzn\u00ed pacientov so <strong>schizofr\u00e9niou,<\/strong> <strong>bipol\u00e1rnou poruchou<\/strong> and <strong>ment\u00e1lnou anorexiou<\/strong> boli v\u00fdznamne nadmerne zast\u00fapen\u00ed v tvoriv\u00fdch profesi\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee t\u00edto pr\u00edbuzn\u00ed zdedili oslaben\u00fa verziu du\u0161evn\u00e9ho ochorenia, ktor\u00e9 vedie k tvorivosti?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Je zn\u00e1me, \u017ee psychologicky zdrav\u00ed biologick\u00ed pr\u00edbuzn\u00ed \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou vykazuj\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161iu \u00farove\u0148 <strong>schizotypn\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed<\/strong> v porovnan\u00ed s be\u017enou popul\u00e1ciou. Vy\u0161\u0161ia \u00farove\u0148 t\u00fdchto znakov podporuje vznik umeleck\u00fdch kon\u00ed\u010dkov. Schizotypov\u00e9 znaky mo\u017eno rozdeli\u0165 na dva typy:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pozit\u00edvna schizotypia<\/strong> zah\u0155\u0148a neobvykl\u00e9 \u00a0a siln\u00e9 vnemov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u017eitky.<em> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Negat\u00edvna schizotypia\u00a0<\/strong> zapr\u00ed\u010di\u0148uje \u0165a\u017ekosti so z\u00e1\u017eitkom zo soci\u00e1lnych interakci\u00ed a aktiv\u00edt, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pr\u00edjemn\u00e9 pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu \u013eud\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Genetika alebo rodinn\u00e9 remeslo?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Je \u00a0pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee umeleck\u00e9 profesie sa pred\u00e1vaj\u00fa z gener\u00e1cie na gener\u00e1ciu. Zo \u0161t\u00fadie doktorky K. S. Pavitry vyplynulo, \u017ee 100% z op\u00fdtan\u00fdch hudobn\u00edkov malo v rodine hist\u00f3riu tvorivosti (hudba, tanec, divadlo, literat\u00fara). Toto percento bolo v\u00fdrazne vysok\u00e9 aj u spisovate\u013eov. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina det\u00ed umelecky zalo\u017een\u00fdch rodi\u010dov sa venovala taktie\u017e umeniu. St\u00e1le zost\u00e1va nejasn\u00e9, \u010di je tvorivos\u0165 dedi\u010dnou vlastnos\u0165ou. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa aj faktory prostredia, ako napr\u00edklad pobyt v kreat\u00edvnom prostred\u00ed, ktor\u00fd poskytuje viac pr\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, v\u010dasn\u00e9 vystavenie umeniu v detstve a skor\u00fd tr\u00e9ning.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n Ilustra\u010dn\u00fd obr\u00e1zok (Foto: Dragos Gontariu)\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Druhy kreativity<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Ot\u00e1zka kreativity takisto nie je jednozna\u010dn\u00e1. Kreativita je komplexn\u00fd pojem, ktor\u00fd je \u0165a\u017eko charakterizova\u0165 jednou vetou.<\/p>\n<p>Pod\u013ea pr\u00e1ce\u00a0 <strong>Jamesa C. Kaufmana<\/strong> and <strong>Ronalda Beghetta<\/strong> sa m\u00f4\u017ee tvorivos\u0165 prejavova\u0165 r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi, od tvorivosti obsiahnutej v procese u\u010denia <strong>(\u201emini-c\u201c),<\/strong> cez ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 formy tvorivosti <strong>(\u201emal\u00e9-c\u201c),<\/strong>\u00a0 profesion\u00e1lnu \u00farove\u0148 <strong>(\u201ePro-c\u201c)<\/strong> a\u017e k vynikaj\u00facej tvorivosti <strong>(\u201eve\u013ek\u00e9-C\u201c).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 je \u017ee, \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed sa venuj\u00fa ka\u017edodenn\u00fdm form\u00e1m tvorivosti, napr\u00edklad tvoreniu kol\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, fotografovaniu alebo publikovaniu v liter\u00e1rnom \u010dasopise, maj\u00fa tendenciu by\u0165 viac otvoren\u00ed, zvedav\u00ed, vytrval\u00ed a vn\u00fatorne motivovan\u00ed svojou \u010dinnos\u0165ou. Maj\u00fa pocit v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho pocitu pohody a osobn\u00e9ho rastu v porovnan\u00ed so svojimi rovesn\u00edkmi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00fdskumy ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee mnoho v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch tvorcov, najm\u00e4 v oblasti umenia, malo drsn\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti z ran\u00e9ho \u017eivota (ako napr\u00edklad soci\u00e1lne odmietnutie, strata rodi\u010dov alebo fyzick\u00e9 postihnutie).<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6812","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6812","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6812"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6812\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6812"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6812"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6812"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}