{"id":6829,"date":"2021-04-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-04-19T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/ako-sa-odlisuje-zapadne-umenie-od-umenia-azie\/"},"modified":"2021-04-20T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-04-19T23:00:00","slug":"ako-sa-odlisuje-zapadne-umenie-od-umenia-azie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/ako-sa-odlisuje-zapadne-umenie-od-umenia-azie\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako sa odli\u0161uje z\u00e1padn\u00e9 umenie od umenia \u00c1zie"},"content":{"rendered":"Ilustra\u010dn\u00fd obr\u00e1zok (Foto: Aaron Kar)\n

Eur\u00f3pske umenie<\/strong> vznikalo na \u00fazem\u00ed Eur\u00f3py od praveku a\u017e do s\u00fa\u010dasnosti. Jeho podobu ur\u010dovali hlavne antick\u00e9 a kres\u0165ansk\u00e9 trad\u00edcie. Po 15. storo\u010d\u00ed za\u010dala eur\u00f3pska kult\u00fara v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165 umenie v Amerike. N\u00e1sledne tieto dve kult\u00farne oblasti vytvorili jeden celok, ktor\u00fd dnes naz\u00fdvame z\u00e1padn\u00e9 umenie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

S v\u00fdnimkou pravek\u00e9ho umenia predstavuje umenie Mezopot\u00e1mie najstar\u0161ie formy umenia v \u00c1zii. Celok \u00e1zijsk\u00e9ho umenie<\/strong> zah\u0155\u0148a \u0161irok\u00fa \u0161k\u00e1lu umenia z r\u00f4znych kult\u00far, regi\u00f3nov a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstiev po celom \u00e1zijskom kontinente. Stredo\u00e1zijsk\u00e9 umenie pozost\u00e1va predov\u0161etk\u00fdm z diel turkick\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov euro\u00e1zijskej stepi, zatia\u013e \u010do v\u00fdchodo\u00e1zijsk\u00e9 umenie zah\u0155\u0148a diela z \u010c\u00edny, Japonska a K\u00f3rey.<\/p>\n

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Umelci<\/h3>\n

Kult\u00fara a prostredie do zna\u010dnej mieri ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa samotn\u00e9ho umelca a jeho tvorbu. Jeho osobnos\u0165 v\u0161ak zohr\u00e1va na\u010falej d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu na formovan\u00ed diela. Je zauj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u00e1zijsk\u00fdch maliarov bola zameran\u00e1 jednosmerne na vykon\u00e1vanie umenia, zatia\u013e \u010do eur\u00f3pski umelci boli aj vedci, matematici a lek\u00e1ri.<\/p>\n

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Hlavn\u00e9 rozdiely medzi v\u00fdchodn\u00fdm a z\u00e1padn\u00fdm umen\u00edm<\/h3>\n

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Mot\u00edv<\/h3>\n

Eur\u00f3pski umelci za\u010dali od obdobia renesancie zobrazova\u0165 svet s centr\u00e1lnou perspekt\u00edvou. Zameriavali sa hlavne na objekty na sc\u00e9ne. Ich hlavn\u00fdm mot\u00edvom bolo vyobrazi\u0165 bohatstvo. \u00a0\u010c\u00ednski umelci sa sna\u017eili vyobrazi\u0165\u00a0 najm\u00e4 vz\u0165ahy prevl\u00e1daj\u00face v prostred\u00ed a zobrazova\u0165 samotn\u00fa pr\u00edrodu.<\/p>\n Olejoma\u013eby (Foto: Una Laurencic)\n

Materi\u00e1l<\/h3>\n

\u00c1zijsk\u00e9 umenie pou\u017e\u00edva \u013eahk\u00fd a tenk\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Papier, l\u00e1tky alebo pergamen. Na ma\u013ebu sa pou\u017e\u00edva zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a \u00a0m\u00e4kk\u00fd \u0161tetec, atrament a farby podobn\u00e9 vodov\u00fdm farb\u00e1m. Z\u00e1padn\u00e9 umenie vyu\u017e\u00edva hlavne olejoma\u013ebu<\/strong>, kedy sa olejov\u00e9 farby nan\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa vo viacer\u00fdch vrstv\u00e1ch. Olejoma\u013eba sa robila na dreven\u00fdch paneloch, nesk\u00f4r sa za\u010dalo pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 pru\u017en\u00e9 pl\u00e1tno.<\/p>\n Obraz: Tret\u00ed lun\u00e1rny mesiac, prehliadka kvetov na kopci Asuka (c) Library of Congress\n

\u010cas potrebn\u00fd na tvorbu<\/h3>\n

Obrazy z\u00e1ti\u0161ia nama\u013eovan\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00fdmi umelcami s\u00fa zvy\u010dajne ve\u013emi podrobn\u00e9, d\u00f4raz sa kladie predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na detaily a tie\u0148ovanie. Z\u00e1padn\u00e9mu umelcovi zvy\u010dajne trv\u00e1 ove\u013ea dlh\u0161ie, k\u00fdm vyhotov\u00ed ma\u013ebu.<\/p>\n

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Perspekt\u00edva<\/h3>\n

Sp\u00f4sob zobrazovania priestorov\u00fdch \u00fatvarov na ploche je v z\u00e1padn\u00fdch a v\u00fdchodn\u00fdch ma\u013eb\u00e1ch z\u00e1sadne odli\u0161n\u00fd. V minulosti sa z\u00e1padn\u00ed maliari pok\u00fa\u0161ali vytvori\u0165 presn\u00fd poh\u013ead na to \u010do vidia, alebo v \u010do veria. Vyvinuli geometrick\u00fa perspekt\u00edvu na vytvorenie il\u00fazie trojrozmern\u00e9ho priestoru. \u00c1zijsk\u00fd poh\u013ead zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje dynamick\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru \u013eudsk\u00fdch vz\u0165ahov s prostred\u00edm a vesm\u00edrom. Nez\u00e1vis\u00ed od presn\u00fdch zobrazen\u00ed alebo spr\u00e1vneho napodob\u0148ovania objektov. V\u00fdskum T. Masudy a jeho kolegov na ma\u013eb\u00e1ch z 15. a\u017e 19. storo\u010dia z v\u00fdchodo\u00e1zijsk\u00fdch a z\u00e1padn\u00fdch kraj\u00edn poskytol d\u00f4kazy o tom, \u017ee v\u00fdchodo\u00e1zijsk\u00ed umelci umiestnili horizont\u00e1lne \u010diary vy\u0161\u0161ie ako z\u00e1padn\u00ed umelci a ve\u013ekos\u0165 os\u00f4b vo v\u00fdchodo\u00e1zijsk\u00fdch umeleck\u00fdch dielach bola men\u0161ia ako v z\u00e1padn\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

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Soch\u00e1rstvo<\/h3>\n

Na celom svete sa vyr\u00e1bali sochy z r\u00f4znych materi\u00e1lov. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 postavenie vo v\u00fdchodnej kult\u00fare maj\u00fa sochy vyhotoven\u00e9 v Indii. India je multikult\u00farna krajina, ktorej sochy propaguj\u00fa r\u00f4zne n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie v\u0161ak vyobrazuj\u00fa bohov hinduizmu<\/strong> a d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 postavy budhizmus<\/strong>. V z\u00e1padnom svete sa za najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie pova\u017euj\u00fa sochy ovplyvnen\u00e9 kres\u0165anstvom<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Sochy v Indii( Foto: Shivani Dedhia)\n

Kaligrafia<\/h3>\n

Kaligrafia je umenie pekne p\u00edsa\u0165. Ide o n\u00e1vrh a realiz\u00e1ciu p\u00edsma pomocou r\u00f4znych p\u00edsac\u00edch n\u00e1strojov. Umenie kaligrafie bolo v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 takmer pre v\u0161etky kult\u00fary na svete. Azda najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161iu \u00falohu zohr\u00e1va aj dodnes v arabskom svete. Islamsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo<\/strong> zakazuje vyobrazovanie boha, preto sa islamsk\u00ed umelci sna\u017eia jeho vzne\u0161enos\u0165 prenies\u0165 do p\u00edsma posv\u00e4tn\u00fdch kn\u00edh. Najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00ed druh kaligrafie je nepochybne \u010d\u00ednska a japonsk\u00e1 kaligrafia. Z\u00e1padn\u00e1 kaligragia sa za\u010dala rozv\u00edja\u0165 v obdob\u00ed antiky a svoj najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed rozmach dosiahla po\u0161as baroka. Pre toto obdobie bola charakteristick\u00e1 ornament\u00e1lnos\u0165 p\u00edsma \u010dasto hrani\u010diaca s ne\u010ditate\u013enos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n Arabsk\u00e1 kaligrafia ( Foto: Sidik Kurniawan)","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Eur\u00f3pske umenie vznikalo na \u00fazem\u00ed Eur\u00f3py od praveku a\u017e do s\u00fa\u010dasnosti. Jeho podobu ur\u010dovali hlavne antick\u00e9 a kres\u0165ansk\u00e9 trad\u00edcie. Po 15. storo\u010d\u00ed za\u010dala eur\u00f3pska kult\u00fara<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6829","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6829","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6829"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6829\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6829"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6829"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6829"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}