Kedysi sa \u013eudia domnievali, \u017ee Zem je stredom vesm\u00edru a v\u0161etko sa to\u010d\u00ed okolo n\u00e1s. Nesk\u00f4r sa astron\u00f3mia dopracovali k n\u00e1zoru, \u017ee stredom vesm\u00edru je Slnko a a\u017e v uplynul\u00fdch storo\u010diach vieme, \u017ee je to e\u0161te podstatne komplikovanej\u0161ie. Alebo sk\u00f4r jednoduch\u0161ie, z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na uhle poh\u013eadu, preto\u017ee s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd model vesm\u00edru m\u00e1me za fakt, preto\u017ee mu nasved\u010duj\u00fa aj ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 pozorovania.\u00a0 Tie si u\u017e v\u010faka pokro\u010dilej technike m\u00f4\u017ee robi\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fd s\u00e1m doma.<\/p>\n
No a Zem, Mesiac, Slnko i samotn\u00e1 galaxia Mlie\u010dna cesta s\u00fa v pohybe tie\u017e – vz\u00e1jomne, ale vzh\u013eadom k vesm\u00edru ako tak\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n
Vieme, \u017ee Zem obehne okolo Slnka za \u010das pribli\u017ene 365 dn\u00ed, \u010do zodpoved\u00e1 n\u00e1\u0161mu kalend\u00e1rnemu roku.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
[visual-link-preview encoded=“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“]<\/p>\n
R\u00fdchlos\u0165 rot\u00e1cie Zeme je kon\u0161tantn\u00e1, ale relat\u00edvna r\u00fdchlos\u0165 v\u00e1s ako fyzickej bytosti z\u00e1vis\u00ed od toho, v akej zemepisnej \u0161\u00edrke sa nach\u00e1dzate. Tu je pr\u00edklad: obvod (vzdialenos\u0165 okolo najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej \u010dasti Zeme) je pod\u013ea NASA zhruba 40 070 kilometrov. T\u00e1to oblas\u0165 sa naz\u00fdva rovn\u00edk. Ak odhadujete, \u017ee de\u0148 m\u00e1 24 hod\u00edn, vydel\u00edte obvod d\u013a\u017ekou d\u0148a. Takto sa dosahuje r\u00fdchlos\u0165 na rovn\u00edku asi 1 670 km\/h. Pre porovnanie, cestovn\u00e9 lietadlo Boeing 737 Next Generation dosahuje r\u00fdchlos\u0165 852 km\/h.<\/p>\n
V in\u00fdch zemepisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00edrkach sa v\u0161ak nebudete pohybova\u0165 tak r\u00fdchlo. Ak sa posunieme v polovici na\u0161ej plan\u00e9ty na 45 stup\u0148ov zemepisnej \u0161\u00edrky (severnej alebo ju\u017enej), r\u00fdchlos\u0165 vypo\u010d\u00edtate pomocou kos\u00ednu (trigonometrick\u00e1 funkcia) zemepisnej \u0161\u00edrky. Dobr\u00e1 vedeck\u00e1 kalkula\u010dka by mala ma\u0165 k dispoz\u00edcii kos\u00ednusov\u00fa funkciu, ak neviete, ako ju vypo\u010d\u00edta\u0165. Kos\u00ednus 45 je 0,707, tak\u017ee r\u00fdchlos\u0165 odstre\u010fovania pri 45 stup\u0148och je zhruba 0,807 x 1037 = 1 180 km \/ h. T\u00e1to r\u00fdchlos\u0165 \u010falej kles\u00e1, ke\u010f idete \u010falej na sever alebo na juh.<\/p>\n
Vesm\u00edrne agent\u00fary radi vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa rot\u00e1ciu Zeme. Ak napr\u00edklad vysielaj\u00fa \u013eud\u00ed na Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fa vesm\u00edrnu stanicu, preferovan\u00e9 miesto je bl\u00edzko rovn\u00edka. Preto napr\u00edklad n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 misie na Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fa vesm\u00edrnu stanicu \u0161tartuj\u00fa z Floridy. T\u00fdm, \u017ee rakety \u0161tartuj\u00fa v rovnakom smere ako rot\u00e1cia Zeme, dosiahnu r\u00fdchlos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 im pom\u00f4\u017ee vyletie\u0165 do vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n
[visual-link-preview encoded=“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″]<\/p>\n
Rot\u00e1cia Zeme samozrejme nie je jedin\u00fd pohyb, ktor\u00fd vo vesm\u00edre m\u00e1me. Na\u0161a orbit\u00e1lna r\u00fdchlos\u0165 okolo Slnka je pod\u013ea Cornella asi 107 000 km\/h . To m\u00f4\u017eeme vypo\u010d\u00edta\u0165 pomerne jednoducho, vezmeme si priemern\u00fa vzdialenos\u0165 Zeme od Slnka, \u010do je jedna astronomick\u00e1 jednotka, pribli\u017ene 149 mili\u00f3nov kilometrov, vypo\u010d\u00edtame obvod tejto kru\u017enice (dr\u00e1ha Zeme) a vydel\u00edme 365 d\u0148ami, respekt\u00edve hodinami v roku. Samozrejme, Zem obieha okolo Slnka po elipse, pre jednoduchos\u0165 v\u00fdpo\u010dtov ale m\u00f4\u017eeme po\u010d\u00edta\u0165 s kru\u017enicou s priemerom dvojn\u00e1sobku priemernej vzdialenosti Zeme od Slnka.<\/p>\n
Preto\u017ee r\u00fdchlos\u0165 sa rovn\u00e1 vzdialenosti prejdenej v danom \u010dase, r\u00fdchlos\u0165 Zeme sa po\u010d\u00edta vydelen\u00edm 940 mili\u00f3nov km o 365,25 dn\u00ed a vydelen\u00edm tohto v\u00fdsledku 24 hodinami, aby sa z\u00edskali kilometre za hodinu. Tak\u017ee Zem prejde denne asi 2,6 mili\u00f3na km, \u010do je 107 226 km\/h<\/strong>. Re\u00e1lny v\u00fdpo\u010det je o nie\u010do komplikovanej\u0161\u00ed, ale v praxi m\u00f4\u017eeme uva\u017eova\u0165 nad t\u00fdm, \u017ee Zem kr\u00fa\u017ei okolo Slnka r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou vy\u0161\u0161ou ako stotis\u00edc kilometrov za hodinu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [visual-link-preview encoded=“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“]<\/p>\n Aj Slnko m\u00e1 vlastn\u00fa obe\u017en\u00fa dr\u00e1hu v Mlie\u010dnej ceste. Slnko je asi 25 000 sveteln\u00fdch rokov od centra galaxie a Mlie\u010dna dr\u00e1ha m\u00e1 najmenej 100 000 sveteln\u00fdch rokov. Pod\u013ea Stanfordskej univerzity sme asi v polovici cesty z centra. Zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee Slnko a slne\u010dn\u00e1 s\u00fastava sa pohybuj\u00fa r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou 200 kilometrov za sekundu<\/strong> alebo priemernou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou 720 000 km\/h<\/strong>. Aj pri tejto vysokej r\u00fdchlosti by slne\u010dnej s\u00fastave trvalo asi 230 mili\u00f3nov rokov, k\u00fdm pre\u0161la cel\u00fa cestu okolo Mlie\u010dnej dr\u00e1hy. Pre \u00faplnos\u0165, r\u00fdchlos\u0165 svetla je 300 000 kilometrov za sekundu<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n Aj Mlie\u010dna cesta sa pohybuje vo vesm\u00edre v porovnan\u00ed s in\u00fdmi galaxiami. O asi 4 miliardy rokov d\u00f4jde k zr\u00e1\u017eke Mlie\u010dnej dr\u00e1hy s jej najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm susedom, galaxiou Andromeda. Obe sa k sebe r\u00fatia r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou asi 180 kilometrov za sekundu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n V\u0161etko vo vesm\u00edre je preto v pohybe.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [visual-link-preview encoded=“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″]<\/p>\n V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa m\u00e1 za to, \u017ee nie je \u0161anca, \u017ee sa Zem len tak prestane to\u010di\u0165 alebo \u017ee by bola vyvrhnut\u00e1 do otvoren\u00e9ho priestoru mimo na\u0161u slne\u010dn\u00fa s\u00fastavu.<\/p>\n NASA tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee pravdepodobnos\u0165 zastavenia rot\u00e1cie Zeme je na nasleduj\u00facich nieko\u013eko mili\u00e1rd rokov \u201eprakticky nulov\u00e1\u201c.<\/p>\n \u010cisto teoreticky (ale nerealisticky) by v\u0161ak do\u0161lo k stra\u0161n\u00e9mu efektu, ak by sa Zem n\u00e1hle zastavila. Atmosf\u00e9ra by sa st\u00e1le pohybovala p\u00f4vodnou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou rot\u00e1cie Zeme, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u0161etko by bolo zmietnut\u00e9 z pevniny, vr\u00e1tane \u013eud\u00ed, budov a dokonca aj stromov, p\u00f4dy a sk\u00e1l, uv\u00e1dza NASA.<\/p>\n Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee v priebehu mili\u00e1rd rokov by sa mohla Zem prirodzen\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom spomali\u0165 a vykon\u00e1va\u0165 iba jednu rot\u00e1ciu ka\u017ed\u00fdch 365 dn\u00ed. T\u00e1to situ\u00e1cia sa naz\u00fdva \u201esynchr\u00f3nna so Slnkom\u201c a prin\u00fatila by jednu stranu na\u0161ej plan\u00e9ty v\u017edy smerova\u0165 k Slnku a druh\u00fa stranu ma\u0165 natrvalo odvr\u00e1ten\u00fa. Napr\u00edklad n\u00e1\u0161 Mesiac u\u017e v zemsko-synchr\u00f3nnej rot\u00e1cii je, preto jedna strana mesiaca v\u017edy smeruje k n\u00e1m a druh\u00e1 strana je od n\u00e1s odvr\u00e1ten\u00e1.<\/p>\n Ak by sa Zem prestala \u00faplne to\u010di\u0165, mohli by sa vyskytn\u00fa\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie podivn\u00e9 efekty, tvrd\u00ed NASA. Za prv\u00e9 by magnetick\u00e9 pole pravdepodobne zmizlo, preto\u017ee sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee je \u010diasto\u010dne generovan\u00e9 rot\u00e1ciou. Stratili by sme svoje farebn\u00e9 pol\u00e1rne \u017eiary a pravdepodobne by zmizli aj Van Allenove radia\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00e1sy obklopuj\u00face Zem. Za druh\u00e1,\u00a0 Zem by tak bola nah\u00e1 proti z\u00farivosti slnka. Zaka\u017ed\u00fdm, ke\u010f vyslalo na Zem v\u00fdron koron\u00e1lnej hmoty (nabit\u00e9 \u010dastice), dopadli by na povrch a v\u0161etko o\u017eiarili, \u010do by bolo fat\u00e1lne ohrozenie existencie \u017eivota ako tak\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [visual-link-preview encoded=“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“]<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Kedysi sa \u013eudia domnievali, \u017ee Zem je stredom vesm\u00edru a v\u0161etko sa to\u010d\u00ed okolo n\u00e1s. Nesk\u00f4r sa astron\u00f3mia dopracovali k n\u00e1zoru, \u017ee stredom vesm\u00edru je<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6837","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6837"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6837\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6837"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6837"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6837"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Pohybuje sa aj Slnko a galaxia<\/h3>\n
\u010co by sa stalo, keby sa Zem prestala to\u010di\u0165?<\/h3>\n