{"id":6838,"date":"2021-04-22T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-04-21T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/umenie-ktore-je-naozaj-skarede\/"},"modified":"2021-04-22T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-04-21T23:00:00","slug":"umenie-ktore-je-naozaj-skarede","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/umenie-ktore-je-naozaj-skarede\/","title":{"rendered":"Umenie, ktor\u00e9 je naozaj \u0161kared\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"Ilustra\u010dn\u00fd obr\u00e1zok (M\u00fazeum Diega Riveri a Fridy Kahlo v Mexiku)\n<p>\u0160kared\u00e9 je slovo, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 hlbok\u00e9 mor\u00e1lne d\u00f4sledky. Po st\u00e1ro\u010dia sa \u0161karedos\u0165 sp\u00e1jala s chorobami a deform\u00e1ciami, n\u00e1sil\u00edm, agresiou a fanatizmom. Aj ke\u010f sa toto slovo v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti prim\u00e1rne pou\u017e\u00edva na op\u00edsanie neestetick\u00e9ho aspektu vec\u00ed, zachov\u00e1va si aj prvky p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0160kared\u00e9 alebo pekn\u00e9?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Neuroestetika<\/strong> je rozv\u00edjaj\u00faca sa vedeck\u00e1 oblas\u0165, ktor\u00e1 sk\u00fama ako mozog reaguje na estetick\u00e9 podnety. Vedeck\u00e9 v\u00fdskumy v tejto oblasti zistili, \u017ee n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 ma\u013eby a \u0161kared\u00e9 ma\u013eby sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa reakcie v rovnak\u00fdch oblastiach mozgu. Kr\u00e1sa zaber\u00e1 rovnak\u00fa oblas\u0165 mozgu ako \u0161karedos\u0165. Obe s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou jednej \u0161k\u00e1ly a l\u00ed\u0161ia sa len v hodnot\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 im mozog pripisuje. Britsk\u00fd neorobiol\u00f3g Semir Zeki nazna\u010dil, \u017ee \u0161kared\u00e9 veci viac mobilizuj\u00fa <strong>motorick\u00fa oblas\u0165<\/strong> v na\u0161om mozgu ako veci, ktor\u00e9 sa n\u00e1m zdaj\u00fa by\u0165 pekn\u00e9. Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee je to z toho d\u00f4vodu, aby sme mohli unikn\u00fa\u0165 pred ne\u017eiad\u00facimi podnetmi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u010co n\u00e1s n\u00fati vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 umenie?<\/h3>\n<p>Na\u0161a reakcia na umenie pramen\u00ed z nepotla\u010dite\u013en\u00e9ho nutkania znovu vytvori\u0165 v na\u0161om vlastnom mozgu podobn\u00fd tvoriv\u00fd proces ak\u00fd pou\u017eil umelec na vytvorenie diela. Umenie je vo svojej podstate pr\u00edjemn\u00fd a pou\u010dn\u00fd pokus umelca a pozorovate\u013ea vz\u00e1jomne komunikova\u0165 a zdie\u013ea\u0165 tento tvoriv\u00fd proces. Umo\u017e\u0148uje n\u00e1m c\u00edti\u0165 a pre\u017e\u00edva\u0165\u00a0 em\u00f3cie a my\u0161lienky, ktor\u00e9 stoja v pozad\u00ed umeleck\u00e9ho diela.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u010c\u00edm je zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 art brut umenie?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Art Brut<\/strong> je zauj\u00edmav\u00e9, preto\u017ee t\u00fdmto umen\u00edm sa zaober\u00e1 \u010dlovek alebo skupina soci\u00e1lne a kult\u00farne izolovan\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. \u013dudia so zdravotn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm, v\u00e4zni, umelci, ktor\u00ed nemaj\u00fa umeleck\u00fd v\u00fdcvik alebo seniori. T\u00edto umelci vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa kreativitu na ich osobn\u00e9 vyjadrenie. Tieto diela maj\u00fa tajomn\u00fd n\u00e1dych agresivity, afinity, rovnov\u00e1hy a nerovnov\u00e1hy. Art brut odha\u013euje vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 fungovanie mysle jedinca, jeho \u010dudn\u00e9 cht\u00ed\u010de, ru\u0161iv\u00e9 sny, asoci\u00e1lne t\u00fa\u017eby a nezmyseln\u00e9 obavy. M\u00f4\u017ee hovori\u0165 rovnako o ve\u013emi \u0161pecifick\u00fdch neur\u00f3zach a radostiach jednej jedine\u010dnej \u0161ialenej mysle. Z\u00e1ujem o tak\u00e9to v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9 prejavy vzr\u00e1stol najm\u00e4 po roku 1922, kedy nemeck\u00fd psychiater a historik Hans Prinzhorn vydal svoj spis <strong><em>Bildnerei der Geisteskranken <\/em><\/strong>(Tvorba du\u0161evne chor\u00fdch).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Umelci<\/h3>\n<p>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm umelcom art brut je Adolf W\u00f6lfi, umelec, ktor\u00fd si po probl\u00e9movom detstve odsedel dva roky vo v\u00e4zen\u00ed a n\u00e1sledne mu diagnostikovali <strong>schizofr\u00e9niu<\/strong>. Medzi \u010fal\u0161\u00edch patria <strong>Alo\u00efse Corbaz<\/strong>, <strong>Augustin Lesage<\/strong> and <strong>Alfonso Ossorio<\/strong>. Aj ke\u010f sa ich ma\u013eby, kresby a sochy l\u00ed\u0161ia v \u0161t\u00fdle, zdie\u013eaj\u00fa slobodu formy a bohat\u00e9 pou\u017eitie farieb.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Top 5 naj\u0161kared\u0161\u00edch obrazov, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa dnes hodnotu mili\u00f3nov<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>Obraz Star\u00e1 \u017eena (\u201e\u0160kared\u00e1 vojvodky\u0148a\u201c)<span data-language-for-alternatives=\"sk\" data-language-to-translate-into=\"en\" data-phrase-index=\"1\"> from <\/span><span data-language-for-alternatives=\"sk\" data-language-to-translate-into=\"en\" data-phrase-index=\"2\">fl\u00e1mskeho maliara<strong> Quintena Massys<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd ako prv\u00fd na svete nama\u013eoval <strong>karikat\u00faru<\/strong>. Portr\u00e9t satirizuje \u017eenu, ktor\u00e1 chce vyzera\u0165 ove\u013ea mlad\u0161ie.<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Obraz Saturn po\u017eieraj\u00faci jedn\u00e9ho zo svojich synov od <strong>Francisca Goyu<\/strong>. Je zauj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee toto dielo je jedn\u00fdm zo 14 n\u00e1stenn\u00fdch malieb, ktor\u00e9 vytvoril Goya pre svoj dom v Madride. Tieto obrazy sa stali zn\u00e1me ako Pinturas negras (\u010cierne obrazy). Za prv\u00fdch 50 rokov ich nikto nevidel, okrem host\u00ed, ktor\u00fd nav\u0161t\u00edvili Francisca Goyu.<\/li>\n<li>Obraz Mrz\u00e1ci od <strong>Pietra Bruegela<\/strong> zobrazuje fyzicky a psychicky hendikepovan\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, od ktor\u00fdch sa \u010dasto odvracia zrak.<\/li>\n<li>Obraz Moje narodenie od <strong>Fridy Kahlo<\/strong> zn\u00e1zor\u0148uje Fridine predstavy o svojom naroden\u00ed a zobrazuje ako Frida rod\u00ed svoje vlastn\u00e9 ja.<\/li>\n<li>Obraz \u017dena III od <strong>Willema de Kooninga<\/strong> patr\u00ed k jedn\u00fdm z najdrah\u0161\u00ed obrazov, ktor\u00e9 sa predali. M\u00e1 bohat\u00fa cestovate\u013esk\u00fa hist\u00f3riu. Od konca 70. rokov bol obraz s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou zbierky <strong>Teher\u00e1nskeho m\u00fazea s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho umenia<\/strong>. Po islamskej revol\u00facii v roku 1979 u\u017e nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9 zobrazova\u0165 nah\u00fa \u017eenu na verejnosti. Nakoniec sa v roku 1994 predal mimo Ir\u00e1nu a v novembri 2006 sa predal za <strong>137,5 mili\u00f3nov dol\u00e1rov<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0160kared\u00e9 je slovo, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 hlbok\u00e9 mor\u00e1lne d\u00f4sledky. Po st\u00e1ro\u010dia sa \u0161karedos\u0165 sp\u00e1jala s chorobami a deform\u00e1ciami, n\u00e1sil\u00edm, agresiou a fanatizmom. Aj ke\u010f sa toto<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6838","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6838","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6838"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6838\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}