{"id":6859,"date":"2021-04-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-04-26T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/contemporary-art\/"},"modified":"2021-04-27T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-04-26T23:00:00","slug":"contemporary-art","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/contemporary-art\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako ch\u00e1pa\u0165 s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 umenie"},"content":{"rendered":"\u201eDu\u0161e \u017eien, ktor\u00e9 pokra\u010duj\u00fa nav\u017edy\u201c od Yayoi Kusama (Foto: Kevin Chinchilla)\n<p>Slovn\u00fdm spojen\u00edm <strong>Contemporary Art<\/strong> or <strong>\u201eumenie dne\u0161ka<span class=\"aCOpRe\">&quot;<\/span><\/strong> sa ozna\u010duj\u00fa umenie, ktor\u00e9 sa vyr\u00e1ba v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti, a to <strong>ma\u013eba<\/strong>, <strong>soch\u00e1rstvo<\/strong>, <strong>fotografia<\/strong>, <strong>in\u0161tal\u00e1cia<\/strong>, <strong>performance<\/strong> and <strong>videoart<\/strong>. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 umenie nastupuje na konci <strong>modern\u00e9ho umenia<\/strong> v 70. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Ako priemyseln\u00e1 revol\u00facia zmenila v\u00fdvoj umenia<\/h3>\n<p>Zrod <strong>modernizmu<\/strong> a modern\u00e9ho umenia mo\u017eno h\u013eada\u0165 v priemyselnej revol\u00facii, ktor\u00e1 sa odohrala v polovici 18. storo\u010dia. Toto obdobie r\u00fdchlych zmien vo v\u00fdrobe, doprave a technol\u00f3gi\u00e1ch z\u00e1sadn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom ovplyvnilo soci\u00e1lne, ekonomick\u00e9 a kult\u00farne podmienky \u017eivota vo svete. Pred za\u010diatkom priemyselnej revol\u00facie pracovali umelci naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pre <strong>bohat\u00fdch patr\u00f3nov<\/strong> or <strong>n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 in\u0161tit\u00facie<\/strong>. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina diel zobrazovala n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 alebo <strong>mytologick\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vali pr\u00edbehy ur\u010den\u00e9 na <strong>pou\u010denie<\/strong> div\u00e1ka. Po\u010das priemyselnej revol\u00facie (industrializ\u00e1cie) sa z\u00e1sadn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom zmenil sp\u00f4sob ak\u00fdm \u013eudia \u017eili, pracovali a cestovali. Roz\u0161\u00edril sa priestor pre nov\u00e9 my\u0161lienky.<\/p>\n<p>V priebehu <strong>19. storo\u010dia<\/strong> mnoho umelcov za\u010dalo robi\u0165 umenie na z\u00e1klade svojich osobn\u00fdch sk\u00fasenost\u00ed a t\u00e9m, ktor\u00e9 si sami vybrali. Po publik\u00e1cii Interpret\u00e1cia snov v roku 1899 od rak\u00faskeho psychol\u00f3ga <strong>Sigmunda Freuda<\/strong> sa spopularizovala my\u0161lienka <strong>podvedomia<\/strong>. Umelci za\u010dali sk\u00fama\u0165 svoje sny a ich symboliku a sna\u017eili sa zobrazi\u0165 svoje z\u00e1\u017eitky.<\/p>\n<p>Niektor\u00ed umelci za\u010dali spochyb\u0148ova\u0165 predstavu, \u017ee umenie mus\u00ed realisticky zobrazova\u0165 svet a za\u010dali experimentova\u0165 s expres\u00edvnym pou\u017eit\u00edm farieb, netradi\u010dn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov, techn\u00edk a m\u00e9di\u00ed. Medzi tieto nov\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e1 sa zaradila aj <strong>fotografia<\/strong>, ktorej vyn\u00e1lez v roku 1839 pon\u00fakol radik\u00e1lne mo\u017enosti zobrazenia a interpret\u00e1cie sveta.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u010c\u00edm sa odli\u0161uje modern\u00e9 umenie od umenia s\u00fa\u010dasnosti<\/h3>\n<p>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 umenie nastupuje na konci \u00e9ry modern\u00e9ho umenia v 20. storo\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 umenie venuje pozornos\u0165 najm\u00e4 <strong>spolo\u010dnosti<\/strong> a jej soci\u00e1lnym dopadom, modern\u00e9 umenie vyjadruje slobodu a <strong>prejav jednotlivca<\/strong> (autora diela).<\/p>\n<p>3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Modern\u00e9 umenie sa tvorilo predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na pl\u00e1tnach a fotografi\u00e1ch. Pre s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 umenie je typick\u00e9 pou\u017eitie <strong>videa<\/strong>, <strong>grafick\u00e9ho dizajnu<\/strong>, r\u00f4znych <strong>objektov<\/strong> and <strong>nov\u00fdch technol\u00f3gii<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pre modern\u00e9 umenie je typick\u00e9 sk\u00famanie <strong>farieb, \u010diar, tvarov a foriem<\/strong>. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 umenie nem\u00e1 jeden jedin\u00fd cie\u013e alebo h\u013eadisko, prezentuje \u0161irok\u00fa \u0161k\u00e1lu t\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>T\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 spracov\u00e1va contemporary art<\/h3>\n<p>Medzi naj\u010dastej\u0161ie t\u00e9my vyskytuj\u00face sa v dielach s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho umenia patria: <strong>identita<\/strong>, <strong>globaliz\u00e1cia<\/strong>, <strong>migr\u00e1cia<\/strong>, <strong>technol\u00f3gie<\/strong>, <strong>s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165<\/strong> and <strong>politick\u00e1 kritika<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Stru\u010dn\u00fd preh\u013ead hist\u00f3riou s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho umenia<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Pop Art<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Contemporary Art<\/strong> vzniklo ako reakcia na modern\u00e9 umenie a jeho korene za\u010dali v pop-arte.\u00a0 <strong>Pop -art<\/strong> or <strong>popul\u00e1rne\/masov\u00e9 umenie<\/strong> propagovali umelci ako Andy Warhol a Roy Lichtenstein. Ich cie\u013eom bolo zobrazi\u0165 komer\u010dn\u00e9 produkty ako dostupn\u00fd druh umenia. Boli in\u0161pirovan\u00fd <strong>ve\u013ekomestskou kult\u00farou<\/strong>, <strong>reklamou<\/strong>, <strong>filmom<\/strong>, <strong>fotografiou<\/strong> and <strong>komiksom<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Pop &#8211; Art tvorba na stene v Austine od Phoebe Joynt (Foto: Clark Van Der Beken)\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>Fotorealizmus<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Cie\u013eom <strong>fotorealizmu<\/strong> je vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 <strong>hyper-realistick\u00e9 kresby<\/strong> a ma\u013eby, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa takmer nerozl\u00ed\u0161ite\u013en\u00e9 od fotografie.<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>Konceptualizmus<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Konceptualizmus<\/strong>\u00a0 odmieta my\u0161lienku umenia ako komodity. V konceptu\u00e1lnom umen\u00ed m\u00e1 prednos\u0165 <strong>my\u0161lienka<\/strong> umeleck\u00e9ho diela. Medzi v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch konceptu\u00e1lnych umelcov patria Damien Hirst, Ai Weiwei a Jenny Holzer. Toto umenie dodnes zost\u00e1va hlavn\u00fdm hnut\u00edm s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho umenia.<\/p>\n Vrak \u013eudstva od Khashayar Kouchpeydeh\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Minimalizmus<\/h3>\n<p>Cie\u013eom <strong>minimalizmus<\/strong> je vyh\u00fdba\u0165 sa zbyto\u010dnostiam. Jeho z\u00e1klad tvor\u00ed jednoduchos\u0165, \u00fa\u017eitok a elegancia.<\/p>\n Minimalizmus (Foto: Isaac Benhesed)\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Performance Art<\/h3>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladom <strong>performance art<\/strong> je vykon\u00e1van\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165. \u010cinnos\u0165 jednotlivca, skupiny aj\u00a0 div\u00e1kov tvor\u00ed umeleck\u00e9 dielo.<\/p>\n Performance art ( Foto: Vita Marija Murenaite)\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>In\u0161tal\u00e1cia<\/h3>\n<p><strong>In\u0161tal\u00e1cie<\/strong> s\u00fa trojrozmern\u00e9 kon\u0161trukcie, in\u0161talovan\u00e9 v priestore. \u010casto s\u00fa rozsiahle a interakt\u00edvne.<\/p>\n Kiasma &#8211; M\u00fazem s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho umenia v Helsink\u00e1ch (Foto: Tapio Haaja)\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Street Art<\/h3>\n<p>Ako jedno z posledn\u00fdch hnut\u00ed s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho umenia je <strong>pouli\u010dn\u00e9 umenie<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 sa dostalo do popredia n\u00e1stupom <strong>graffiti<\/strong> v 80. rokoch. Zah\u0155\u0148a n\u00e1stenn\u00e9 ma\u013eby, in\u0161tal\u00e1cie, ma\u013eovan\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky a n\u00e1lepky umiestnen\u00e9 na verejn\u00fdch priestranstv\u00e1ch. Medzi hlavn\u00fdch predstavite\u013eov <strong>street-art<\/strong> patria Jean-Michel Basquiat a Banksy.<\/p>\n Street-art (Foto: Timon Klauser\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Virtu\u00e1lne Umenie<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Virtu\u00e1lne umenie<\/strong> je vytv\u00e1ran\u00e9 technick\u00fdmi m\u00e9diami. Umenie, ktor\u00e9 sa vytv\u00e1ra pomocou <strong>po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov<\/strong>, <strong>vizualiz\u00e1cie<\/strong>, <strong>reproduktorov<\/strong> and <strong>obrazoviek<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Ilustra\u010dn\u00fd obr\u00e1zok (Foto: Giu Vicente)","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Slovn\u00fdm spojen\u00edm Contemporary Art alebo \u201eumenie dne\u0161ka\u201c sa ozna\u010duj\u00fa umenie, ktor\u00e9 sa vyr\u00e1ba v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti, a to ma\u013eba, soch\u00e1rstvo, fotografia, in\u0161tal\u00e1cia, performance a videoart. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6859","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6859","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6859"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6859\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6859"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6859"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6859"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}