{"id":6888,"date":"2021-05-31T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-30T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/umenie-prve-umelecke-diela-sveta-ktore-je-najstarsie\/"},"modified":"2021-05-31T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-05-30T23:00:00","slug":"umenie-prve-umelecke-diela-sveta-ktore-je-najstarsie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/umenie-prve-umelecke-diela-sveta-ktore-je-najstarsie\/","title":{"rendered":"Umenie: Prv\u00e9 umeleck\u00e9 diela sveta, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa najstar\u0161ie?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Umen\u00edm vyjadrujeme svoje my\u0161lienky<\/strong> u\u017e od za\u010diatku v\u00fdvoja \u013eudstva. V\u010faka objavu prehistorick\u00fdch so\u0161iek a jaskynn\u00e9ho umenia vieme, \u017ee od za\u010diatku \u013eudskej hist\u00f3rie sa praktizuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne formy umenia<\/strong>. Aj ke\u010f sa umeleck\u00e9 met\u00f3dy vtedy zna\u010dne l\u00ed\u0161ili, prejavovanie my\u0161lienok a em\u00f3ci\u00ed prostredn\u00edctvom umeleck\u00fdch diel bolo be\u017en\u00e9. Spo\u010diatku sa verilo, \u017ee starovek\u00e9 umenie existuje hlavne v Eur\u00f3pe<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Objav jaskynn\u00e9ho umenia a\u017e v Indon\u00e9zii<\/strong> v\u0161ak nazna\u010duje, \u017ee to nemus\u00ed by\u0165 presne tak. Fascinuj\u00face sochy a jaskynn\u00e9 umenie, ktor\u00e9 sme na\u0161li v r\u00f4znych \u010dastiach Afriky a Indon\u00e9zie<\/strong> nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee umenie sa v skuto\u010dnosti praktizovalo v r\u00f4znych \u010dastiach sveta. Preto sme si aj pripravili zoznam najstar\u0161\u00edch umeleck\u00fdch diel<\/strong>, ak\u00e9 boli kedy objaven\u00e9 z cel\u00e9ho sveta:<\/p>\n

Umenie v jaskyni Maltravieso (60 000 BC)<\/h3>\n Jasky\u0148a Maltravieso\n

Vyfarben\u00e9 ruky v jaskyni Maltravieso<\/strong> v \u0160panielsku zmenili ch\u00e1panie vedcov o hist\u00f3rii \u013eudsk\u00e9ho umenia. Obrazy v Maltraviese s\u00fa ve\u013emi star\u00e9. Vedci sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee tieto ruky vytvorili neandert\u00e1lci (aj ke\u010f okrem \u010dasov\u00e9ho obdobia neexistuj\u00fa \u017eiadne \u010fal\u0161ie d\u00f4kazy). Jasky\u0148a Maltraviesa<\/strong> je v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti najstar\u0161ou zn\u00e1mou jaskynnou ma\u013ebou na svete a bola vyroben\u00e1 pomocou \u010derven\u00e9ho okrov\u00e9ho pigmentu.<\/p>\n

Pigmenty<\/strong> boli datovan\u00e9 pomocou nov\u0161ej met\u00f3dy nazvanej r\u00e1diokarb\u00f3nov\u00e9 d\u00e1tovanie, ktor\u00e1 je viac zn\u00e1ma ako uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 met\u00f3da merania. Dve \u010fal\u0161ie \u0161panielske jaskyne – La Pasiega a Ardales<\/strong> – maj\u00fa tie\u017e jaskynn\u00e9 ma\u013eby vyroben\u00e9 s rovnak\u00fdm \u010derven\u00fdm okrom, ak\u00e9 boli pou\u017eit\u00e9 v jaskyni Maltravieso a s\u00fa tie\u017e datovan\u00e9 pred viac ako 60 000 rokmi BC.<\/p>\n

Jasky\u0148a Blombos (70 000 BC)<\/h3>\n Jasky\u0148a Blombos zdroj: donsmaps.com\n

Jasky\u0148a Blombos v Ju\u017enej Afrike<\/strong> je vyslovene pokladom historick\u00e9ho umenia. Datuje sa najmenej od 70 000 pred n. l. Umenie v jaskyni Blombos je najstar\u0161ie zn\u00e1me umenie, ak\u00e9 bolo v Afrike<\/strong> objaven\u00e9 a predch\u00e1dza najstar\u0161iemu jaskynn\u00e9mu umeniu pred desiatkami tis\u00edc rokov.<\/p>\n

Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm objavom v jaskyni Blombos boli dva kusy alebo skaly zdoben\u00e9 kr\u00ed\u017eikov\u00fdmi vzormi, ktor\u00e9 boli vyroben\u00e9 okrov\u00fdmi pastelkami. Archeol\u00f3govia<\/strong> objavili stovky k\u00f4p okry, ktor\u00e9 boli rozomlet\u00e9 a premenen\u00e9 na tieto pastelky. Aj ke\u010f sa vedci domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee tieto pastelky boli vyroben\u00e9 \u0161peci\u00e1lne na \u00fa\u010dely dizajnu, v Blombose<\/strong> zatia\u013e nebolo objaven\u00e9 \u017eiadne skuto\u010dn\u00e9 jaskynn\u00e9 umenie \/ ma\u013eba.<\/p>\n

U Venu\u0161e z Tan Tan (200 000 – 500 000 BC)<\/h3>\n Zdroj: Bradshawfoundation.com\n

Rovnako ako Venu\u0161a Berekhata Rama<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 sa datuje pribli\u017ene do rovnak\u00e9ho \u010dasov\u00e9ho obdobia, bol spochybnen\u00fd „status“ Venu\u0161e Tan-Tan ako umeleck\u00e9ho diela<\/strong>. Venu\u0161e Tan-Tan a Berekhata Rama sa \u010dasto spom\u00ednaj\u00fa spolu, preto\u017ee ich existencia sa datuje viac ako 200 000 pred n. L.<\/p>\n

Venu\u0161a Tan-Tan bola rozsiahlo \u0161tudovan\u00e1 a vedci sa zhoduj\u00fa, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 \u010dasti boli vytvoren\u00e9 prirodzene<\/strong>. T\u00edto vedci sa v\u0161ak domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee prirodzen\u00e9 \u010drty Venu\u0161e Tan-Tan boli vytvoren\u00e9 \u013eu\u010fmi.<\/p>\n

Umenie Venu\u0161e z Berekhat Ram (230 000 – 700 000 BC)<\/h3>\n Zdroj: oldest.org\n

Jeden z kontroverzn\u00fdch k\u00faskov umenia je Venu\u0161a Berekhata Rama<\/strong>. Je to jedna z \u010fal\u0161\u00edch najstar\u0161\u00edch starod\u00e1vnych prehistorick\u00fdch so\u0161iek, ak\u00e9 boli objaven\u00e9. Niektor\u00ed vedci sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee vznikla sk\u00f4r er\u00f3ziou ako \u013eudskou rukou. Na Golansk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161in\u00e1ch medzi S\u00fdriou a Izraelom ho objavil v roku 1981 archeol\u00f3g N. Goren-Inbar<\/strong> z Hebrejskej univerzity v Jeruzaleme<\/strong>. Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee predch\u00e1dza dokonca aj neandert\u00e1lcov a pravdepodobne bola vytvoren\u00e1 nesk\u00f4r.<\/p>\n

Bh\u00edmb\u00e9tka (290 000 – 700 000 BC)<\/h3>\n zdroj: timesofindia.com\n

Bh\u00edmb\u00e9tka<\/b> je archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezisko v Indii. Je to najstar\u0161\u00ed k\u00fasok prehistorick\u00e9ho umenia, ak\u00e9 kedy bolo objaven\u00e9<\/strong> a je ohadovan\u00e9 pravdepodobne a\u017e do roku 700 000 pred na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtom. Je takmer \u0161tyri kr\u00e1t star\u0161ie ako umenie v jaskyni Blombos<\/strong> a bolo objaven\u00e9 v starod\u00e1vnej kremencovej jaskyni v oblasti Madhjaprad\u00e9\u0161<\/strong>. V tejto jaskyni sa nach\u00e1dza mno\u017estvo \u00fakrytov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa vyzdoben\u00e9 n\u00e1stenn\u00fdmi ma\u013ebami a\u017e do doby kamenej.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Umen\u00edm vyjadrujeme svoje my\u0161lienky u\u017e od za\u010diatku v\u00fdvoja \u013eudstva. V\u010faka objavu prehistorick\u00fdch so\u0161iek a jaskynn\u00e9ho umenia vieme, \u017ee od za\u010diatku \u013eudskej hist\u00f3rie sa praktizuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6888","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6888","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6888"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6888\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6888"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6888"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6888"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}