{"id":6905,"date":"2021-07-02T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-01T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/terakotova-armada-skryva-tajomstvo-za-pohladom-8000-soch\/"},"modified":"2021-07-02T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-07-01T23:00:00","slug":"terakotova-armada-skryva-tajomstvo-za-pohladom-8000-soch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/terakotova-armada-skryva-tajomstvo-za-pohladom-8000-soch\/","title":{"rendered":"Terakotov\u00e1 arm\u00e1da skr\u00fdva tajomstvo za poh\u013eadom 8000 s\u00f4ch"},"content":{"rendered":"

V marci 1974 sa rozhodla skupinka \u010d\u00ednskych ro\u013en\u00edkov vykopa\u0165 stud\u0148u v provincii \u0160en-si na severoz\u00e1pade \u010ciny. T\u00fato provinciu v tomto obdob\u00ed tr\u00e1pili ve\u013ek\u00e9 suchoty. Jeden z ro\u013en\u00edkov pri kopan\u00ed studne natrafil na prv\u00fa hlinen\u00fa postavu<\/strong> – prv\u00fd d\u00f4kaz toho, \u010do by sa uk\u00e1zalo ako jedn\u00fdm z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch archeologick\u00fdch objavov v modernej dobe. Tento objav pozn\u00e1me v dne\u0161nej dobe aj ako Terakotov\u00e1 arm\u00e1da<\/p>\n Terakotov\u00e1 Arm\u00e1da v \u010c\u00edne zdroj: asianstyle.cz\n

Terakotov\u00e1 arm\u00e1da Qin Shi Huangdiho<\/h3>\n

V bl\u00edzkosti nevykopanej hrobky Qin Shi Huangdiho – ktor\u00fd sa vyhl\u00e1sil za prv\u00e9ho \u010d\u00ednskeho cis\u00e1ra v roku 221 pred na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtom, sa nach\u00e1dzalo nie\u010do neuverite\u013en\u00e9: cel\u00e1 arm\u00e1da terakotov\u00fdch vojakov a kon\u00ed \u013eudskej ve\u013ekosti<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 bola pochovan\u00e1 pod zemou viac ako 2000 rokov.<\/p>\n

Miesto, kde kedysi st\u00e1lo starod\u00e1vne hlavn\u00e9 mesto<\/strong> Qin Shi Huandiho, Sien-jang<\/strong>, le\u017e\u00ed pol hodiny od Xi’anu, meste\u010dka s takmer 10 mili\u00f3nom obyvate\u013eov. Je to such\u00e1 krajina, ktor\u00e1 je v zime neust\u00e1le chladn\u00e1 a v lete zase hor\u00faca. Sien-jang je zn\u00e1my aj kopcami posiatymi jasky\u0148ami.<\/p>\n

Za posledn\u00fdch 45 rokov archeol\u00f3govia kopali jamy po ploche 35 kilometrov \u0161tvorcov\u00fdch. To je zatia\u013e odhalen\u00fd komplex podzemn\u00fdch klenieb, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa celkom vykopan\u00e9. K v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine sa d\u00e1 dosta\u0165 \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie, ale tri jamy s\u00fa \u013eahko pr\u00edstupn\u00e9. V jednej z nich boli z rozbit\u00fdch k\u00faskov zhroma\u017eden\u00e9 dlh\u00e9 st\u013apy bojovn\u00edkov vo form\u00e1cii<\/strong>. Druh\u00e1 jama v m\u00fazeu demon\u0161truje, ako vyzerali, ke\u010f ich na\u0161li – niektor\u00ed stoja vzpriamene, niektor\u00ed zahraban\u00ed v p\u00f4de a in\u00ed le\u017eia zvr\u00e1tene na chrbte ved\u013ea padl\u00fdch hlinen\u00fdch kon\u00ed.<\/p>\n Starovek\u00e9 hradby mesta Xi\u2019an zdroj: pinterest\n

V\u00fdstava Terakotovej arm\u00e1dy<\/h3>\n

Pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu z n\u00e1s, ktor\u00ed sa nem\u00f4\u017eu vyda\u0165 na cestu do Xi’anu, boli tieto so\u0161ky vystaven\u00e9 na turn\u00e9 po svete. Tieto vystaven\u00e9 sochy mapuj\u00fa vl\u00e1du Qin Shi Huangdiho (221 p. n. l. – 210 p. n. l.). Ako prv\u00e9 predstavenie bolo n\u00e1zvom „Prv\u00fd cis\u00e1r“<\/strong> organizovan\u00e9 m\u00fazeom v Brit\u00e1nii, potom debutoval aj v Atlante, Amerike<\/strong>. \u010eal\u0161ie predstavenie so\u0161iek prebiehalo aj v Kalifornii a\u017e k\u00fdm neskon\u010dilo v Houstone, Amerike.<\/p>\n

Okrem predstavenia posledn\u00fdch n\u00e1lezov sa na v\u00fdstav\u00e1ch nach\u00e1dza najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia zbierka post\u00e1v terakoty<\/strong>. S\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou zbierky je dev\u00e4\u0165 vojakov usporiadan\u00fdch do bojovej form\u00e1cie (obrnen\u00ed d\u00f4stojn\u00edci, pe\u0161iaci a k\u013ea\u010diaci lukostrelci) a aj terakotov\u00fd k\u00f4\u0148. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm dodatkom s\u00fa aj bronzov\u00e9 vozy<\/strong>, z ktor\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00fd \u0165ahal \u0161tyri bronzov\u00e9 kone (vozidl\u00e1 s\u00fa bohu\u017eia\u013e pr\u00edli\u0161 krehk\u00e9 na prepravu a tak s\u00fa to iba repliky).<\/p>\n

Tieto artefakty tak pon\u00fakaj\u00fa poh\u013ead na so\u0161ky, ktor\u00e9 l\u00e1kaj\u00fa n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edkov z cel\u00e9ho sveta do m\u00fazea v Xi’ane<\/strong>, kde doteraz bolo n\u00e1jden\u00fdch viac ako 2000 z odhadovan\u00fdch 7000 bojovn\u00edkov.<\/p>\n

Qin Shi Huangdi<\/h3>\n

Zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee tento ohromuj\u00faci n\u00e1lez spo\u010diatku posil\u0148oval zm\u00fd\u0161\u013eanie, \u017ee prv\u00fd cis\u00e1r miloval vojnu – a staral sa iba o vojensk\u00fa moc. To nie je \u00faplne pravda, preto\u017ee Qin Shi Huangdi mo\u017eno svojou arm\u00e1dou dobyl \u010c\u00ednu<\/strong>, ale po\u010das toho vyna\u0161iel aj civiln\u00fd k\u00f3d, pomocou ktor\u00e9ho dr\u017eal nadvl\u00e1du cel\u00e9 desa\u0165ro\u010dia a ktor\u00fd pretrval storo\u010dia aj po skon\u010den\u00ed jeho vl\u00e1dy. Medzi \u010fal\u0161\u00ed \u00faspech cis\u00e1ra m\u00f4\u017eeme do ur\u010ditej miery prip\u00edsa\u0165 aj zavedenie rukopisu.<\/p>\n Qin Shi Huangdi – \u010c\u00ednsky cis\u00e1r zdroj: allthatsinteresting.com\n

Qin Shi Huangdi v tom \u010dase prist\u00fapil k hromadnej v\u00fdrobe – remeseln\u00edci vytv\u00e1rali so\u0161ky skoro tak r\u00fdchlo ako v dne\u0161nej dobe automobilky aut\u00e1. Ale hlin\u00edk, na rozdiel od bronzu, sa d\u00e1 r\u00fdchlo a lacno vyrobi\u0165<\/strong>. Najprv remeseln\u00edci vyr\u00e1bali tel\u00e1 a potom im upravovali hlavu, pridali klob\u00faky, top\u00e1nky, f\u00fazy a u\u0161i. V\u0161etky postavy boli najprv vyroben\u00e9 v men\u0161\u00edch form\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Niektor\u00e9 z post\u00e1v vyzeraj\u00fa tak detailne, \u017ee sa zdaj\u00fa by\u0165 modelovan\u00e9 pod\u013ea skuto\u010dn\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed<\/strong>, aj ke\u010f je to dos\u0165 nepravdepodobn\u00e9. Najpravdepodobnej\u0161ie mali remeseln\u00edci vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 v\u0161etky typy \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z r\u00f4znych k\u00fatov \u010c\u00edny. Hlavn\u00e9 mesto prv\u00e9ho cis\u00e1ra, Xianyang<\/strong>, bolo ve\u013ekou metropolou. Pod\u013ea odhadov postavil viac ako 270 pal\u00e1cov, o ktor\u00fdch je zn\u00e1me, \u017ee pre\u017eil iba jeden jedin\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Zaka\u017ed\u00fdm ke\u010f Qin Shi Huangdi dobyl nov\u00fa provinciu, \u00fadajne previezol vl\u00e1dnucu rodinu do Xianyangu<\/strong>, kde odovzdali svoje bohatstvo. S\u00fa\u010dasne cis\u00e1r nariadil v\u00fdstavbu svojho hrobov\u00e9ho komplexu – ktorej sa ujalo asi 720 000 pracovn\u00edkov, ktor\u00ed pracovali na celom rozsiahlom projekte s n\u00e1zvom Terakotov\u00e1 arm\u00e1da.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V marci 1974 sa rozhodla skupinka \u010d\u00ednskych ro\u013en\u00edkov vykopa\u0165 stud\u0148u v provincii \u0160en-si na severoz\u00e1pade \u010ciny. T\u00fato provinciu v tomto obdob\u00ed tr\u00e1pili ve\u013ek\u00e9 suchoty. Jeden<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6905","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6905","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6905"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6905\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6905"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6905"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6905"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}