{"id":6913,"date":"2021-07-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-15T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/dysonova-sfera-fikcia-alebo-uz-coskoro-realita\/"},"modified":"2021-07-16T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-07-15T23:00:00","slug":"dysonova-sfera-fikcia-alebo-uz-coskoro-realita","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/dysonova-sfera-fikcia-alebo-uz-coskoro-realita\/","title":{"rendered":"Dysonova sf\u00e9ra: Fikcia alebo u\u017e \u010doskoro realita?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dysonova sf\u00e9ra je teoretick\u00fd projekt, ktor\u00fd by obklopoval na\u0161u hviezdu zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch str\u00e1n. Ak by sme ju vybudovali, mohla by sa sta\u0165 fin\u00e1lnym rie\u0161en\u00edm pre v\u00fdrobu energie pre cel\u00e9 \u013eudstvo<\/strong>. Svojou \u0161trukt\u00farou by dok\u00e1zala zachyti\u0165 cel\u00fa vyprodukovan\u00fa energiu z na\u0161ej lok\u00e1lnej hviezdy.<\/p>\n Uk\u00e1\u017eka ako by Dysonova sf\u00e9ra mohla vyzera\u0165 zdroj: dottedhippo, iStock\n

Pre\u010do ju postavi\u0165?<\/h3>\n

Pre\u010do by niekto kon\u0161truoval tak\u00fa bizarn\u00fa kon\u0161trukciu? Te\u00f3ria tejto \u0161trukt\u00fary je zalo\u017een\u00e1 pod\u013ea britsko-americk\u00e9ho teoretick\u00e9ho fyzika <\/strong>Freemana Dysona.<\/strong> Freeman Dyson prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t \u0161pekuloval o tejto \u0161trukt\u00fare u\u017e v roku 1960. Je z\u00e1stancom te\u00f3rie, \u017ee vo vesm\u00edre nie sme sami. \u0160pekuloval, \u017ee ak by sa civiliz\u00e1cie<\/strong> za\u010dali rozp\u00edna\u0165<\/strong> mimo svoju plan\u00e9tu, bud\u00fa potrebova\u0165 nov\u00fd zdroj energie.<\/p>\n

S prib\u00fadaj\u00facim mno\u017estvom obyvate\u013eov by tieto civiliz\u00e1cie za\u010dali konzumova\u0165 \u010doraz viac zdrojov. Z toho d\u00f4vodu by potrebovali vyn\u00e1js\u0165 ten najefekt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00ed zdroj energie. A tu prich\u00e1dza jeho n\u00e1pad, Dysonova sf\u00e9ra<\/strong>, pomenovan\u00e1 pr\u00e1ve po Freemanovi Dysonovi.<\/p>\n

Efekt Dysonovej sf\u00e9ry na civiliz\u00e1ciu<\/h3>\n

Jeho te\u00f3ria predpokladala, \u017ee by popul\u00e1cia civiliz\u00e1cie (nazvime ju X) r\u00e1stla o 1% ro\u010dne. Jeho v\u00fdpo\u010dty nazna\u010dili, \u017ee energetick\u00e1 spotreba tejto civiliz\u00e1cie by r\u00e1stla exponenci\u00e1lne. Len za kr\u00e1tkych 3000 rokov bude mili\u00f3nkr\u00e1t v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia<\/strong>. Ak by slne\u010dn\u00e1 s\u00fastava civiliz\u00e1cie X obsahovala aj plan\u00e9tu vo ve\u013ekosti Jupitera, pod\u013ea neho by sa tak in\u017einieri dokonca mohli pok\u00fasi\u0165 pr\u00eds\u0165 na to, ako rozdeli\u0165 tak\u00fa plan\u00e9tu a vyu\u017ei\u0165 jej energiu.<\/p>\n Na Dysonovu sf\u00e9ru existuj\u00fa aj r\u00f4zne simul\u00e1cie, ako t\u00e1to zdroj: Dyson Sphere Program\n

Budovan\u00edm \u0161trukt\u00far v dvojn\u00e1sobnej vzdialenosti od Zeme a Slnka by materi\u00e1l z takejto plan\u00e9ty posta\u010doval na vybudovanie ve\u013ek\u00e9ho po\u010dtu platforiem s hr\u00fabkou 2 a\u017e 3 metre, ktor\u00e9 by obiehali Slnko<\/strong>. Zachyt\u00e1vali by tak cel\u00fa energiu, ktor\u00fa by Slnko vyprodukovalo.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1to \u0161trukt\u00fara by umo\u017enila robotn\u00edkom \u017ei\u0165<\/strong> v bl\u00edzkosti Slnka<\/strong> pozd\u013a\u017e ramien Dysonovej sf\u00e9ry. Pod\u013ea Dysona by v niektor\u00fdch \u010dastiach boli robotn\u00edci bezpe\u010dne skryt\u00fd pred teplom od Slnka. Na t\u00fdchto ramen\u00e1ch by sa \u010dasto prejavoval jav zatmenia – v z\u00e1vislosti od toho, ak\u00e9 hust\u00e9 by platformy v danom bode boli.<\/p>\n

Samozrejme, po absorpcii a vyu\u017eit\u00ed slne\u010dnej energie by \u0161trukt\u00fara nakoniec musela energiu znova distribuova\u0165<\/strong>. Inak by sa hromadila vo vn\u00fatri sf\u00e9ry, \u010do by pod\u013ea Dysona sp\u00f4sobilo, \u017ee sa nakoniec roztop\u00ed.<\/p>\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pre vzdialen\u00e9ho pozorovate\u013ea by sa svetlo hviezdy zabalen\u00e9 do Dysonovej sf\u00e9ry mohlo javi\u0165 tlmen\u00e9 alebo dokonca \u00faplne zatemnen\u00e9 – v z\u00e1vislosti od toho, ak\u00e9 hust\u00e9 boli obe\u017en\u00e9 plo\u0161iny – a z\u00e1rove\u0148 jasne \u017eiari\u0165 v infra\u010derven\u00fdch vln\u00e1ch<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 by inak nevideli vo\u013en\u00fdm okom.<\/p>\n

Existuje Dysonova sf\u00e9ra aj dnes?<\/h3>\n

Vedci u\u017e desa\u0165ro\u010dia h\u013eadaj\u00fa zn\u00e1mky po infra\u010dervenom \u017eiaren\u00ed, ktor\u00fd by emitovala pr\u00e1ve tak\u00e1to sf\u00e9ra – bol by to znak aktivity, ktor\u00fd by astron\u00f3movia mohli pou\u017ei\u0165 na vyvodenie existencie inteligentnej civiliz\u00e1cie vo vesm\u00edre.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nane\u0161\u0165astie, e\u0161te sme nespozorovali st\u00e1le ni\u010d neobvykl\u00e9, ale \u010das\u0165 astron\u00f3mov si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee nie sme \u010faleko od odhalenia tejto sf\u00e9ry u\u017e v najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch 10. rokoch.<\/p>\n Koncept Dysonovej sf\u00e9ry pri vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed energie plan\u00e9ty od umelca Adama Burna\n

V roku 2015 informovala astron\u00f3mka Tabetha Boyajian<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 p\u00f4sobila na americkej univerzite v meste\u010dku Yale, o z\u00e1hadnom stlmen\u00ed svetla hviezdy zvanej KIC 8462852, ktorej spr\u00e1vanie bolo absol\u00fatne nepredv\u00eddate\u013en\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Nie\u010do tak\u00e9 e\u0161te vedci nikdy nevideli a boli prekvapen\u00ed, pre\u010do svetlo hviezdy blik\u00e1 nepravidelne<\/strong>. Niektor\u00ed vedci tvrdili, \u017ee pokles svetla z tejto hviezdy m\u00f4\u017ee vypl\u00fdva\u0165 pr\u00e1ve z \u010diasto\u010dne vybudovanej Dysonovej sf\u00e9ry a t\u00e1to my\u0161lienka v roku 2016 sp\u00f4sobila rozruch v m\u00e9di\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Kampane zameran\u00e9 na h\u013eadanie sign\u00e1lov Dysonovej sf\u00e9ry okolo Tabbyho hviezdy, pomenovan\u00e1 na po\u010des\u0165 Tabethy Boyajianovej, neboli \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9 a dodnes existuje mno\u017estvo vedcov, ktor\u00ed si myslia \u017ee pr\u00e1ve Dysonova sf\u00e9ra m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledok spr\u00e1vanie hviezdy KIC 8462862<\/strong>. Mo\u017eno u\u017e \u010doskoro uvid\u00edme znova podobn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly, ktor\u00e9 sme videli u hviezdy KIC 8462862.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dysonova sf\u00e9ra je teoretick\u00fd projekt, ktor\u00fd by obklopoval na\u0161u hviezdu zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch str\u00e1n. Ak by sme ju vybudovali, mohla by sa sta\u0165 fin\u00e1lnym rie\u0161en\u00edm pre<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6913","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6913","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6913"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6913\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6913"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6913"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6913"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}