{"id":6949,"date":"2021-05-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-16T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/ako-funguje-spravodlivost-pocas-pandemie\/"},"modified":"2021-05-17T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-05-16T23:00:00","slug":"ako-funguje-spravodlivost-pocas-pandemie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/ako-funguje-spravodlivost-pocas-pandemie\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako funguje spravodlivos\u0165 po\u010das pand\u00e9mie?"},"content":{"rendered":"Pand\u00e9mia prehlbuje rozdiely medzi krajinami a vytv\u00e1ra dobr\u00e9 prostredie pre korupciu. <\/strong>\n

Zdravotn\u00edcke zariadenia a aj samotn\u00ed lek\u00e1ri, zdravotn\u00e9 sestry, \u010di in\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci s\u00fa po\u010das pand\u00e9mie pod obrovsk\u00fdm tlakom. Pand\u00e9mia odhalila slabiny v zdravotn\u00edckych syst\u00e9moch po celom svete. Slovensk\u00e9 zdravotn\u00edctvo trp\u00ed nedostatkom person\u00e1lnych a priestorov\u00fdch kapac\u00edt, zdravotn\u00edckych pr\u00edstrojov a pom\u00f4cok. Tieto faktory vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa dobr\u00e9 podmienky pre korupciu.<\/p>\n

V zdravotn\u00edctve existuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne rizik\u00e1 spojen\u00e9 s \u00faplatk\u00e1rstvom, podpl\u00e1can\u00edm, alebo inou formou zneu\u017eitia moci. S\u00fa to napr\u00edklad neform\u00e1lne platby od pacientov, kr\u00e1de\u017e, spreneverenie pe\u0148az\u00ed, manipul\u00e1cia s \u00fadajmi a podobne. Korupcia pripravuje zdravotn\u00edctvo na celom svete o 500 mili\u00e1rd dol\u00e1rov ro\u010dne.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Krajiny s vy\u0161\u0161ou \u00farov\u0148ou korupcie b\u00fdvaj\u00fa po\u010das kr\u00edzy pand\u00e9mie COVID-19 tie\u017e najhor\u0161\u00edmi poru\u0161ovate\u013emi demokratick\u00fdch princ\u00edpov. V niektor\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch bolo rie\u0161enie pandemickej situ\u00e1cie sprev\u00e1dzan\u00e9 ve\u013ek\u00fdmi obmedzeniami \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a slob\u00f4d m\u00e9di\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Korupcia a\u00a0Vakc\u00edny<\/h3>\n

Na lukrat\u00edvnom trhu s liekmi a vakc\u00ednami na COVID-19 je \u00faplatk\u00e1rstvo obrovskou v\u00fdzvou. Vakc\u00edny s\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00fd pokrok modernej medic\u00edny. R\u00f4zne druhy vakc\u00edn ka\u017edoro\u010dne zachr\u00e1nia 2 a\u017e 3 mili\u00f3ny \u017eivotov. Organiz\u00e1cia Transparency International uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee korupcia bola po\u010das pand\u00e9mie COVID \u2013 19 hl\u00e1sen\u00e1 v mnoh\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Niektor\u00e9 krajiny nemaj\u00fa spravodliv\u00fa a transparentn\u00fa distrib\u00faciu vakc\u00edn. Vl\u00e1dy vynakladaj\u00fa v priemere asi 30 % zo svojich \u0161t\u00e1tnych rozpo\u010dtov na verejn\u00e9 obstar\u00e1vanie. V zdravotn\u00edctve sa korupciou a neefekt\u00edvnos\u0165ou vyu\u017e\u00edvania financi\u00ed str\u00e1ca zhruba 7 % pe\u0148az\u00ed.<\/strong> Zmluvy s\u00a0farmaceutick\u00fdmi firmami s\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou\u00a0neverejn\u00e9 a\u00a0z\u00a0d\u00f4vodu netransparentnosti a\u00a0tajnosti je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed priestor pre korupciu. Ob\u010dania maj\u00fa pr\u00e1vo vedie\u0165, ako sa prij\u00edmaj\u00fa vl\u00e1dne rozhodnutia a ako sa nar\u00e1ba s\u00a0verejn\u00fdmi financiami.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edstup k inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m pom\u00e1ha predch\u00e1dza\u0165 nekal\u00fdm praktik\u00e1m, zneu\u017e\u00edvaniu verejn\u00fdch financi\u00ed, konfliktu z\u00e1ujmov, \u00faplatkom a takisto zvy\u0161uje d\u00f4veru vl\u00e1de a zabra\u0148uje dezinform\u00e1ci\u00e1m. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je hl\u00e1senie korupcie a \u017eiados\u0165 o transparentnos\u0165 vo\u010di vl\u00e1dam, to je jedin\u00fd sp\u00f4sob, ktor\u00fd pom\u00f4\u017ee zredukova\u0165 korupciu na minimum a zabezpe\u010di\u0165 spravodlivej\u0161\u00ed \u0161t\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Rozvojov\u00e9 verzus rozvinut\u00e9 krajiny<\/h3>\n

Vedeck\u00e9 t\u00edmy vyvinuli vakc\u00edny proti v\u00edrusu COVID-19\u00a0 v rekordnom \u010dase, av\u0161ak nest\u00edhaj\u00fa sa tak r\u00fdchlo vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 a distribuova\u0165. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti s\u00fa vakc\u00edny nedostatkov\u00fdm tovarom a v\u010faka obmedzenej ponuke a obrovsk\u00e9mu dopytu sa bohat\u0161ie krajiny dostan\u00fa k vakc\u00ednam r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie ako rozvojov\u00e9 krajiny s men\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtom zdrojov.<\/strong> Chudobnej\u0161ie krajiny tak zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa pozadu.<\/p>\n

Nie len samotn\u00e1 korupcia ale aj celkov\u00e1 finan\u010dn\u00e1 nerovnos\u0165 medzi krajinami je ve\u013ek\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Rozdiely v o\u010dkovan\u00ed medzi rozvinut\u00fdmi a rozvojov\u00fdmi krajinami s\u00fa ve\u013emi ve\u013ek\u00e9. Do 31. marca bolo v Afrike zao\u010dkovan\u00fdch iba 0,6% popul\u00e1cie kontinentu. V porovnan\u00ed s ostatn\u00fdmi kontinentmi, \u00a0v \u00c1zii to bolo 2,1%, v Ju\u017enej Amerike 6,7%, v Eur\u00f3pe 12,7%, \u00a0a v Severnej Amerike boli na tom v o\u010dkovan\u00ed najlep\u0161ie, kde bolo do konca marca zao\u010dkovan\u00fdch 18,8% popul\u00e1cie (UNCTAD).<\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea organiz\u00e1cie Transparency International, v\u00a0m\u00e1ji 2021 bolo asi 80% celosvetovo vyroben\u00fdch vakc\u00edn podan\u00fdch iba v\u00a0bohat\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch a\u00a0v\u00a0krajin\u00e1ch so stredn\u00fdmi pr\u00edjmami. Odhaduje sa, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina obyvate\u013eov chudobn\u00fdch kraj\u00edn Afriky, \u00c1zie a\u00a0Latinskej Ameriky nebud\u00fa v\u00a0bl\u00edzkej bud\u00facnosti mas\u00edvne o\u010dkovan\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Je pravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee sa a\u017e v roku 2024 rozvojov\u00e9 krajiny dostan\u00fa k tak\u00e9mu po\u010dtu vakc\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 by pokrylo cel\u00fa ich popul\u00e1ciu.<\/strong> \u010c\u00edm bud\u00fa ma\u0165 \u013eudia v\u00a0niektor\u00fdch \u010dastiach sveta n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edstup k vakc\u00ednam, t\u00fdm bude ma\u0165 v\u00edrus viac pr\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed na mut\u00e1ciu, \u010do bude ma\u0165 obrovsk\u00e9 zdravotn\u00e9 a ekonomick\u00e9 d\u00f4sledky na celom svete.<\/p>\n

S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 glob\u00e1lna pand\u00e9mia COVID\u201319 zv\u00fdraznila probl\u00e9my v nerovnosti medzi krajinami a odkryla mo\u017en\u00e9 rizik\u00e1 korupcie v oblasti zdravotn\u00edctva. Korupcia sa zastav\u00ed, a\u017e ke\u010f \u013eudia bud\u00fa pracova\u0165 na zmene syst\u00e9mu. Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby \u013eudia boli informovan\u00ed, aby zmluvy boli transparentn\u00e9 a taktie\u017e aby medzi krajinami a aj jednotlivcami bola solidarita a empatia.<\/strong> Jednotn\u00fd syst\u00e9m distrib\u00facie lie\u010div a vakc\u00edn na boj proti v\u00edrusu COVID-19, by viedol k spravodliv\u00e9mu, nestrann\u00e9mu a transparentn\u00e9mu postupu, pri ktorom je mo\u017en\u00e9 u\u0161etri\u0165 mili\u00f3ny \u017eivotov a miliardy dol\u00e1rov.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zdravotn\u00edcke zariadenia a aj samotn\u00ed lek\u00e1ri, zdravotn\u00e9 sestry, \u010di in\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci s\u00fa po\u010das pand\u00e9mie pod obrovsk\u00fdm tlakom. Pand\u00e9mia odhalila slabiny v zdravotn\u00edckych syst\u00e9moch po<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6949","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6949","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6949"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6949\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6949"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6949"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6949"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}