{"id":6957,"date":"2021-05-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-17T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/teleskop-james-webb\/"},"modified":"2021-05-18T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-05-17T23:00:00","slug":"teleskop-james-webb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/teleskop-james-webb\/","title":{"rendered":"Bude sa nov\u00fd teleskop naozaj vola\u0165 pod\u013ea Jamesa Webba? Bol bigotn\u00fd, \u010do za\u010d\u00edna by\u0165 probl\u00e9m"},"content":{"rendered":"Stavba vesm\u00edrneho \u010falekoh\u013eadu Jamesa Webba prebieha na Zemi, do vesm\u00edru ho vynesie raketa sn\u00e1\u010f e\u0161te tento rok. FOTO: NASA\n

Na ka\u017edom z n\u00e1s z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Po\u010d\u00favame to nielen pred vo\u013ebami, \u017ee hlas ka\u017ed\u00e9ho sa po\u010d\u00edta a preto m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd jeden z n\u00e1s moc ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165, \u010do sa deje v na\u0161ej krajine. Ke\u010f zabl\u00fadite na motiva\u010dn\u00e9 profily na Pintereste, Instagrame a Facebooku, dozviete sa e\u0161te viac – \u017ee na ka\u017edom z n\u00e1s z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed aj preto, lebo m\u00e1me v sebe potenci\u00e1l meni\u0165 na\u0161e okolie, krajinu i svet. Je to pravda? Nem\u00e1me len pr\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e9 sebavedomie, ak tvrd\u00edme, \u017ee pr\u00e1ve my, jednotlivci, sme pre spolo\u010dnos\u0165 ako tak\u00fa tak ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00ed?<\/p>\n

V\u0161eobecn\u00fd n\u00e1zor, \u017ee naozaj z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na ka\u017edom jednom z n\u00e1s, je tu u\u017e nepochybne dlho, ale iba \u0165a\u017eko by sme mohli s\u00fahlasi\u0165 s t\u00fdm, \u017ee kedyko\u013evek v minulosti reflektoval be\u017en\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie \u013eud\u00ed. Dnes sa u\u017e na v\u0161etko pozer\u00e1me trocha inak, preto\u017ee internet zabil anonymitu a vytvoril platformu, pomocou ktorej mo\u017eno do povedomia verejnosti dosta\u0165 prakticky \u010doko\u013evek a kohoko\u013evek. Nepr\u00e1vos\u0165 je na o\u010diach viac ako kedyko\u013evek predt\u00fdm pr\u00e1ve v\u010faka internetu a jeho obsahu, ktor\u00e9ho tvorcom s\u00fa jednotlivci. Len\u017ee v minulosti sa nebolo kde uk\u00e1za\u0165, nebolo kde \u017ealova\u0165 a dom\u00e1ha\u0165 sa naklonenia verejnej mienky.<\/p>\n

T\u00ed, ktor\u00ed mali moc, boli dr\u017eitelia vl\u00e1d v akejko\u013evek mo\u017enej podobe – kr\u00e1li, cis\u00e1ri, prezidenti, premi\u00e9ri a \u010fal\u0161\u00ed. Len\u017ee pred stovkami rokov v\u0161ade \u017eili pr\u00e1ve tak\u00ed ist\u00ed \u013eudia, ako sme my. Mali svoje probl\u00e9my, my\u0161lienky, n\u00e1zory, city aj radosti, len v inej dobe a za in\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed. Na ich n\u00e1m dnes nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed rovnako tak, ako vtedy nepochybne nikomu nez\u00e1le\u017ealo na nikom. T\u00ed, na ktor\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017ealo, boli pr\u00e1ve t\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161ie situovan\u00ed v spolo\u010denskej hierarchii, preto dnes vieme len o nich. A \u010d\u00edm hlb\u0161ie ideme do minulosti, o to menej t\u00fdchto v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch jednotlivcov nach\u00e1dzame, preto\u017ee sa o nich nedochovali \u017eiadne dokumenty a ani nemali ako o sebe d\u00e1va\u0165 vedie\u0165 svetu. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed kedy \u017eili na Zemi, nav\u017edy ostan\u00fa anonymn\u00ed a nevypo\u010dut\u00ed, zdanlivo bez zmyslu. Samozrejme, \u017ee zmysel mal nielen ich \u017eivot, ale aj to, \u010do nasledovalo po \u0148om, a to v ich potomkoch, ktor\u00ed dnes nielen \u017eij\u00fa s nami, ale sme nimi pr\u00e1ve my.<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f\u017ee dnes plat\u00ed, \u017ee na ka\u017edom z n\u00e1s z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed a ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l meni\u0165 veci vo svete, mus\u00edme prirodzene zn\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 zodpovednos\u0165 aj za veci, ktor\u00e9 rob\u00edme zle<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u201eIba\u201c pracovn\u00e9 \u00faspechy u\u017e nesta\u010dia<\/h3>\n

Hoci sa dnes zna\u010dne glorifikuj\u00fa najm\u00e4 \u0161portovci a umelci, s\u00fa to najm\u00e4 vedci, kto si zasl\u00fa\u017ei \u0161peci\u00e1lnu pozornos\u0165 preto, lebo cielene pracuj\u00fa na dosahovan\u00ed pravdy a roz\u0161\u00edren\u00ed obzorov \u013eudstva ako celku. To, ako n\u00e1\u0161 svet ovplyvnil Albert Einstein, Max Planck \u010di James Clerk Maxwell, je podstatn\u00e9 a nenahradite\u013en\u00e9. A pritom je to m\u00e1lo v porovnan\u00ed s t\u00fdm, \u010do dal svetu tak\u00fd Isaac Newton. V\u0161etci si zasl\u00fa\u017eia obdiv za svoju vedeck\u00fa pr\u00e1cu, v\u010faka ktorej n\u00e1m dramaticky st\u00fapla kvalita \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

Preto sa po v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch osobnostiach z vedeckej oblasti pomen\u00favaj\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 miesta, ale aj pr\u00edstroje. Typick\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom je Hubblov vesm\u00edrny \u010falekoh\u013ead, ktor\u00fd vykonal nieko\u013eko naozaj z\u00e1sadn\u00fdch vedeck\u00fdch objavov.<\/p>\n

Dvadsiate storo\u010die ale prinieslo aj nov\u00fd rozmer v spozn\u00e1van\u00ed \u013eud\u00ed na v\u00fdsln\u00ed obdivu. To, \u017ee mali mo\u017enos\u0165 prejavova\u0165 svoje n\u00e1zory viac ako kedyko\u013evek predt\u00fdm v minulosti, sa \u010doraz viac st\u00e1va predmetom kritiky. Napr\u00edklad James Edwin Webb (1906 \u2013 1992) je \u010dlovek, ktor\u00fd st\u00e1l vo veden\u00ed NASA ako druh\u00fd administr\u00e1tor v rokoch 1961 a\u017e 1968, teda v \u010dase realiz\u00e1cie programov Mercury a Gemini, takisto sa zaoberal po\u017eiarom Apolla 1.\u00a0 Webb sa do\u010dkal ve\u013ekej pocty od NASA, ke\u010f sa v roku 2002 rozhodla premenova\u0165 pripravovan\u00fd teleskop Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) na James Webb Space Telescope (JWST\/Webb). M\u00e1 sa jedna\u0165 svoj\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom o n\u00e1stupcu a doplnenie teleskopu Hubble, ktor\u00fd pozoruje vesm\u00edr vo vidite\u013enom spektre svetla – Webb sa m\u00e1 na vesm\u00edr pozera\u0165 infra\u010derven\u00fdmi sn\u00edma\u010dmi.<\/p>\n

Objavuj\u00fa sa v\u0161ak kritiky, \u017ee Webb nie je vhodnou osobnos\u0165ou, po ktorej by mala NASA pomenova\u0165 nov\u00fd teleskop<\/strong>.<\/p>\n James Webb a po \u0148om pomenovan\u00fd vesm\u00edrny teleskop, ktor\u00e9ho vypustenie do vesm\u00edru NASA u\u017e roky odklad\u00e1. FOTO: NASA\n

Webb je pod\u013ea \u017eurnalistu Dr. Alfreda Carpinetiho ne\u0161\u0165astnou vo\u013ebou preto, lebo bol typick\u00fd svojou bigotnos\u0165ou, najm\u00e4 odporom vo\u010di homosexu\u00e1lom. Webb mal by\u0165 pod\u013ea \u010dl\u00e1nku zverejnenom v titule IFLScience.com akt\u00edvne zapojen\u00fd do realiz\u00e1cie anti-LGBT kampane v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch v 60. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia a autor tie\u017e pripom\u00edna jeho esej o tom, \u017ee by \u017eeny nemali vstupova\u0165 do arm\u00e1dy (Woman Can’t Fight). Esej si m\u00f4\u017eete pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 na Washingtonian a zist\u00edte, \u017ee ten \u010dl\u00e1nok nebol tak celkom o tom, \u017ee by \u017eeny ako tak\u00e9 nemali bojova\u0165, ale o tom, \u017ee by to pod\u013ea osobn\u00fdch sk\u00fasenosti Webba fyzicky nezvl\u00e1dali.<\/p>\n

Av\u0161ak na tak\u00e9to hodnotenia a vytv\u00e1ranie rozdielov medzi pohlaviami sa dnes pozer\u00e1me inak, v\u0161eobecne sa pova\u017euje za nevhodn\u00e9 upozor\u0148ova\u0165 na rozdielne \u00falohy mu\u017eov a \u017eien v spolo\u010dnosti, ako aj v akejko\u013evek forme diskriminova\u0165 osoby inej ako heterosexu\u00e1lnej orient\u00e1cie. Ak maj\u00fa ma\u0165 v\u0161etci \u013eudia rovnak\u00e9 \u0161ance a by\u0165 akceptovan\u00ed za to, ak\u00ed s\u00fa, mus\u00ed to plati\u0165 v\u0161eobecne. To, \u017ee NASA pomenovala svoj teleskop pr\u00e1ve po Webbovi, \u00fadajne vysiela do sveta nevhodn\u00fd sign\u00e1l<\/strong>. Akoby tolerovala spiato\u010dn\u00edcke n\u00e1zory.<\/p>\n

V skuto\u010dnosti je vec podstatne komplikovanej\u0161ia<\/strong>, NASA v prvom rade vzd\u00e1va poctu svojmu niekdaj\u0161iemu administr\u00e1torovi<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9ho pr\u00e1ca viedla aj k \u00faspechom misi\u00ed Apollo.<\/p>\n

Zatia\u013e \u010do bud\u00facnos\u0165 n\u00e1zvu teleskopu je neist\u00e1<\/strong> (hoci nemo\u017eno o\u010dak\u00e1va\u0165 ani zmenu), ur\u010dite bude cel\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 \u010doraz menej tolerova\u0165 odli\u0161n\u00e9 n\u00e1zory historick\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed a bagatelizova\u0165 pre ne ich pr\u00ednos pre \u013eudstvo. Ve\u010f aj Einstein sa vzdal svojho vlastn\u00e9ho die\u0165a\u0165a a nesk\u00f4r sa o\u017eenil so svojou sesternicou – teda mor\u00e1lnym pr\u00edkladom pre n\u00e1s nie je. Len\u017ee jeho vedeck\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca zmenila svet, doslovne a prakticky. Kto vie, \u010do by si dnes \u013eudia povedali o Newtonovi, keby sa s n\u00edm mohli porozpr\u00e1va\u0165 o osobn\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitostiach. Bez oh\u013eadu na jeho n\u00e1zory v\u0161ak F=ma<\/em> plat\u00ed pr\u00e1ve tak, ako Einsteinova rovnica E=mc2<\/sup><\/em>.<\/p>\n POROVNANIE: Dospel\u00fd \u010dlovek, zrkadlo Hubblovho teleskopu a optika teleskopu Jamesa Webba (JWST). Nov\u00fd teleskop m\u00e1 segmentovan\u00e9 zrkadl\u00e1 a vesm\u00edr vid\u00ed v infra\u010dervenom spektre.\n

\u0160tart \u010falekoh\u013eadu James Webb sa zdanlivo nekone\u010dne odklad\u00e1, moment\u00e1lne je napl\u00e1novan\u00fd na 31. okt\u00f3bra 2021 a bude vynesen\u00fd raketou Ariane 5. \u010ci sa tento rok podar\u00ed Webba skuto\u010dne vynies\u0165 na orbit Zeme, je zatia\u013e ot\u00e1zne.<\/p>\n

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Na ka\u017edom z n\u00e1s z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed Po\u010d\u00favame to nielen pred vo\u013ebami, \u017ee hlas ka\u017ed\u00e9ho sa po\u010d\u00edta a preto m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd jeden z n\u00e1s moc ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165, \u010do<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6957","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6957","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6957"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6957\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6957"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6957"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6957"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}