{"id":7027,"date":"2021-06-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-06-16T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/ako-sa-pozerat-na-impresionizmus\/"},"modified":"2021-06-17T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-06-16T23:00:00","slug":"ako-sa-pozerat-na-impresionizmus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/ako-sa-pozerat-na-impresionizmus\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako sa pozera\u0165 na impresionizmus"},"content":{"rendered":"Impresionizmus (Foto: Jonathan Borba)\n<p>V dne\u0161nej dobe n\u00e1m nepr\u00edde prelomov\u00e9 vytvorenie vlastnej v\u00fdstavy umenia. V mest\u00e1ch je ve\u013ea druhov gal\u00e9rii a v\u00fdstav, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eeme nav\u0161t\u00edvi\u0165. No v \u010dase, ke\u010f v Par\u00ed\u017ei vznikal <strong>impresionizmus<\/strong>, sa konala <strong>len jedna ofici\u00e1lna v\u00fdstava<\/strong>. T\u00e1to v\u00fdstava bola <strong>sponzorovan\u00e1 \u0161t\u00e1tom<\/strong> a mala n\u00e1zov Sal\u00f3n. Po v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu dev\u00e4tn\u00e1steho storo\u010dia bol <strong>Sal\u00f3n<\/strong> jedin\u00fd sp\u00f4sob, ako vystavi\u0165 umeleck\u00e9 diela (a teda jedin\u00fd sp\u00f4sob, ako si vytvori\u0165 reput\u00e1ciu a \u017eivi\u0165 sa ako umelec). Pr\u00e1ce vystaven\u00e9 v sal\u00f3ne <strong>vyberala porota<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou nevystavovala umeleck\u00e9 diela e\u0161te \u017eij\u00facich autorov.<\/p>\n<p>Umelci, ktor\u00fdch dnes pozn\u00e1me ako <strong>impresionistov<\/strong>: <strong>Claude Monet, August Renoir, Edgar Degas<\/strong> or <strong>Berthe Morisot<\/strong> za\u017eili odmietnutie zo strany <strong>Sal\u00f3nu<\/strong>. Preto sa rozhodli vyzbiera\u0165 svoje peniaze, prenaja\u0165 si vlastn\u00fd ateli\u00e9r a <strong>usporiada\u0165 svoju vlastn\u00fa v\u00fdstavu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0160t\u00fdl ma\u013eby impresionistov<\/h3>\n<p>Impresionisti ma\u013eovali hlavne <strong>scen\u00e9rie<\/strong> and <strong>krajinu<\/strong>. Ich cie\u013eom bolo zachyti\u0165 <strong>konkr\u00e9tny okamih v \u010dase<\/strong>.\u00a0 Zameriavali sa na <strong>odrazy svetla na vode, pohybliv\u00e9 mraky, jemn\u00fd d\u00e1\u017e\u010f, hmlu <\/strong>and<strong> siluety post\u00e1v<\/strong>. Ich technika sa sna\u017eila zachyti\u0165 to, \u010do videli. Ma\u013eovali mal\u00e9 \u010diarky r\u00f4znej farby, ktor\u00e9 pri poh\u013eade z dia\u013eky spolu spl\u00fdvali.<\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f div\u00e1k st\u00e1l v primeranej vzdialenosti, jeho o\u010di videli <strong>zmes jednotliv\u00fdch farebn\u00fdch \u010diarok<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 sa opticky zmie\u0161ali a vytvorili r\u00f4znorod\u00e9 farebn\u00e9 odtiene.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n Z\u00e1hrada Clauda Moneta vo Franc\u00fazsku, typick\u00e1 scen\u00e9ria pre impresionistick\u00fa ma\u013ebu (Edwards Lee)\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Ako dostal impresionizmus svoje meno<\/h3>\n<p>My\u0161lienka vytvorenia vlastnej v\u00fdstavy pri\u0161la od <strong>maliara Clauda Moneta<\/strong> a umelec <strong>Edgar Degas<\/strong> bol zodpovedn\u00fd za jej organiz\u00e1ciu. Po mnoh\u00fdch debat\u00e1ch sa mlad\u00ed umelci rozhodli nazva\u0165 svoje zdru\u017eenie <strong>Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Anonyme des Artistes<\/strong> (v preklade <em>Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Anonymn\u00fdch Umelcov<\/em>). Do tejto skupiny patrilo mnoho maliarov, soch\u00e1rov a grafikov. Aj ke\u010f boli ich prv\u00e9 v\u00fdstavy hojne <strong>nav\u0161tevovan\u00e9<\/strong>, boli \u010dasto ter\u010dom <strong>v\u00fdsmechu a kritiky<\/strong>. V tej dobe bolo uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 umenie sal\u00f3nov, malieb vytv\u00e1ran\u00fdch v ateli\u00e9roch a vy\u0161perkovan\u00fdch do detailov. Kritici umenia sa nevedeli zmieri\u0165 s rozmazanou a neidentifikovate\u013enou farbou a \u0161t\u00fdlom impresionistick\u00fdch maliarov.<\/p>\n<p>Prv\u00fd kr\u00e1t sa n\u00e1zov <strong>impresionizmus<\/strong> objavil v <strong>par\u00ed\u017eskom satirickom magaz\u00edne Le Charivari<\/strong>, kde vy\u0161iel \u010dl\u00e1nok reaguj\u00faci na v\u00fdstavu Anonymn\u00fdch Umelcov. \u010cl\u00e1nok mal n\u00e1zov Exib\u00edcia Impresionistov\u00a0 a opisoval v\u00fdstavu Anonymn\u00fdch Umelcov z poh\u013eadu kritika umenia, ktor\u00fd sa im vysmieval. V rozhovore v\u00fdsme\u0161ne poznamenal, \u017ee z obrazov m\u00e1 jedine <strong>nejak\u00fd dojem<\/strong> <em>(impression)<\/em>, \u017ee by tam nie\u010do malo by\u0165.<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>Japon\u00e9ria (Japonizmus)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Japon\u00e9ria<\/strong> je umeleck\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl vo v\u00fdtvarnom umen\u00ed, literat\u00fare a hudbe. Vz\u0165ahuje sa na z\u00e1padn\u00fa civiliz\u00e1ciu, kde za\u010dal vznika\u0165 v druhej polovici <strong>19. storo\u010dia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Tento term\u00edn bol prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t spomenut\u00fd\u00a0 <strong>Julesom Claretiem<\/strong> v roku 1872.\u00a0 N\u00e1zov <strong>japon\u00e9ria<\/strong> ozna\u010duje v<strong>plyv japonsk\u00e9ho umenia na z\u00e1padn\u00fa kult\u00faru<\/strong>, hlavne Franc\u00fazsko. Od konca 17. storo\u010dia sa za\u010dala z Japonska a \u010c\u00edny vyv\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 <strong>keramika a porcel\u00e1n<\/strong> do Eur\u00f3py, kde sa te\u0161ila ve\u013ekej ob\u013eube. Nesk\u00f4r sa pridal dovoz j<strong>aponsk\u00fdch rastl\u00edn<\/strong> a vytv\u00e1ranie z\u00e1hrad v \u0161t\u00fdle japonsk\u00e9ho zahradn\u00edctva v Holandsku a Anglicku. Japonsko bolo dlh\u00e9 roky izolovan\u00e9 od sveta a od importu zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch techn\u00edk a predmetov.<\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f sa Japonsko v <strong>19. storo\u010d\u00ed<\/strong> otvorilo z\u00e1padn\u00fdm obchodn\u00edkom, zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161il sa dopyt v Eur\u00f3pe po japonsk\u00fdch predmetoch, l\u00e1tkach a drevotla\u010diach. Japonsk\u00e1 kult\u00fara za\u010dala vpl\u00fdva\u0165 na kult\u00faru z\u00e1padnej civiliz\u00e1cie. Tento vplyv m\u00f4\u017eeme pozorova\u0165 v ma\u013ebe, literat\u00fare aj hudbe. Japon\u00e9ria ovplyvnila aj maliara <strong>Vincenta Vam Gogha<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd nama\u013eoval obraz Portr\u00e9t otca Tanguyho.<\/p>\n<p>Rovnako ako japonsk\u00e1 kult\u00fara ovplyv\u0148ovala t\u00fa eur\u00f3psku, v Japonsku nastala <strong>bunmekaika <\/strong>(westerniz\u00e1cia), ktor\u00e1 viedla k strate prest\u00ed\u017ee drevotla\u010de v Japonsku.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Japonism\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fRrc91jXXmE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V dne\u0161nej dobe n\u00e1m nepr\u00edde prelomov\u00e9 vytvorenie vlastnej v\u00fdstavy umenia. V mest\u00e1ch je ve\u013ea druhov gal\u00e9rii a v\u00fdstav, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eeme nav\u0161t\u00edvi\u0165. No v \u010dase, ke\u010f<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7027","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7027","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7027"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7027\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7027"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7027"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7027"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}