{"id":7041,"date":"2021-06-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-06-23T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/co-je-surrealizmus-a-co-o-nom-treba-vediet\/"},"modified":"2021-06-24T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-06-23T23:00:00","slug":"co-je-surrealizmus-a-co-o-nom-treba-vediet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/co-je-surrealizmus-a-co-o-nom-treba-vediet\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010co je surrealizmus a \u010do o \u0148om treba vedie\u0165"},"content":{"rendered":"Surrealizmus vyu\u017e\u00edval \u010dasto hypn\u00f3zu a automatizmus (Foto: Mk. Hamilton)\n<p>Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 si uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee surrealizmus vznikol z <strong>dadaizmu<\/strong> (umeleck\u00e9ho hnutia, ktor\u00e9 sa objavilo v Eur\u00f3pe a New Yorku <strong>ako reakcia na hr\u00f4zy prvej svetovej vojny<\/strong>). Surrealisti s Dadou zdie\u013eali spolo\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1ujem o <strong>anarchiu a revol\u00faciu<\/strong>, ale c\u00edtili, \u017ee Dade ch\u00fdba jasn\u00fd politick\u00fd smer. Koncom roku 1922 t\u00e1to rast\u00faca skupina radik\u00e1lov opustila Dadu.<\/p>\n<p>Dnes m\u00e1me sklon myslie\u0165 na<strong> surrealizmus<\/strong> ako na umeleck\u00fd smer, ktor\u00fd vznikol v <strong>20. storo\u010d\u00ed v Par\u00ed\u017ei<\/strong>. V \u010dase vzniku a formovania surrealizmu sa surrealisti pova\u017eovali sk\u00f4r za <strong>\u010dinite\u013eov spolo\u010densk\u00fdch zmien<\/strong> a \u010dlenov medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho hnutia. T\u00fa\u017eili <strong>po revol\u00facii<\/strong> a ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010das\u0165 20. rokov 20. storo\u010dia sa pok\u00fa\u0161ali spoji\u0165 s <strong>franc\u00fazskou komunistickou stranou<\/strong> a bojova\u0165 proti vplyvu z\u00e1padu. V naj\u010distej\u0161ej podobe bol surrealizmus sp\u00f4sobom \u017eivota.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Surrealizmus a psychoanal\u00fdza<\/h3>\n<p>Surrealizmus bol od svojho vzniku \u00fazko sp\u00e4t\u00fd s modern\u00fdm v\u00fdvojom v <strong>psychol\u00f3gii a psychoanal\u00fdze<\/strong>. L\u00edder surrealistov, <strong>b\u00e1snik Andr\u00e9 Breton<\/strong> vy\u0161tudoval medic\u00ednu a po\u010das prvej svetovej vojny sl\u00fa\u017eil v <strong>psychiatrickej lie\u010debni<\/strong>, \u010do priamo ovplyvnilo jeho tvorbu aj v\u00fdvoj cel\u00e9ho surrealizmu. Pre v\u00fdvoj ran\u00fdch surrealistick\u00fdch techn\u00edk mala mimoriadny vplyv \u0161t\u00fadia <strong>hypn\u00f3zy a takzvan\u00e9ho automatizmu<\/strong>. Nemeck\u00fd umelec Max Ernst priniesol skupine podrobn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o rozvinutej\u0161\u00edch <strong>te\u00f3ri\u00e1ch bezvedomia od Sigmunda Freuda<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 sa stali najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou in\u0161pir\u00e1ciou pre surrealizmus. Zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 Freudovej pr\u00e1ce bolo venovan\u00e1 <strong>potla\u010denej sexualite<\/strong>, t\u00e1to my\u0161lienka sa stala hlavn\u00fdm zameran\u00edm politick\u00fdch vyhl\u00e1sen\u00ed a aktiv\u00edt odporuj\u00facich konven\u010dnej mor\u00e1lke.<\/p>\n<p>Surrealisti vo svojej vyhrotenej podobe st\u00e1li proti be\u017en\u00fdm norm\u00e1m a sna\u017eili sa podnecova\u0165 spr\u00e1vanie, ktor\u00e9 pod\u013ea nich s\u00faviselo s podvedom\u00fdmi t\u00fa\u017ebami. Oslavovali <strong>\u0161ialenstvo<\/strong> ako formu<strong> du\u0161evn\u00e9ho oslobodenia<\/strong> a radi zverej\u0148ovali ilustr\u00e1cie predmetov, ktor\u00e9 vytvorili pacienti v <strong>psychiatrick\u00fdch nemocniciach<\/strong>. Oslobodenie du\u0161e a pocit \u0161\u0165astia prisudzovali oslobodeniu sa od <strong>dusiv\u00fdch spolo\u010densk\u00fdch noriem<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Poru\u0161en\u00e9 a znehodnoten\u00e9 telo<\/strong> or <strong>objekty feti\u0161izmu<\/strong> s\u00fa\u00a0 be\u017en\u00fdmi znakmi surrealistick\u00e9ho vizu\u00e1lneho umenia.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Anamnese  (Surrealism short film)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/e06kGHSLC7U?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>\u017deny a surrealizmus<\/h3>\n<p>\u017deny boli \u00fastredn\u00fdm predmetom surrealistick\u00e9ho umenia. Na jednej strane boli vn\u00edman\u00e9 ako <strong>desiv\u00e9, ale erotick\u00fdch predmety<\/strong>, na druhej strane boli<strong> idealizovan\u00e9 ako n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 a z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 zdroje in\u0161pir\u00e1cie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Man\u017eelky a milenky mu\u017esk\u00fdch surrealistov boli \u010dasto <strong>k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdmi postavami cel\u00e9ho hnutia<\/strong>. Boli oslavovan\u00e9 v surrealistickom umen\u00ed a priamo sa z\u00fa\u010dast\u0148ovali na aktivit\u00e1ch hnutia. Najv\u00fdraznej\u0161ou postavou bola nepochybne <strong>Gala Dal\u00ed<\/strong>. Najsk\u00f4r <strong>man\u017eelka<\/strong> surrealistick\u00e9ho b\u00e1snika Paula Eluarda, potom <strong>milenka<\/strong> Maxa Ernsta a nakoniec <strong>man\u017eelka Salvadora Dal\u00edho<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd jej venoval v\u0161etku svoju tvorbu.<\/p>\n<p>Je zauj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee v tomto obdob\u00ed sa presadilo a presl\u00e1vilo ve\u013ea \u017eensk\u00fdch umelk\u00fd\u0148. Na v\u00fdstave vo Frankfurte bolo vystaven\u00fdch <strong>260 diel od 34 v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch umelk\u00fd\u0148<\/strong> surrealizmu. S pomedzi mnoh\u00fdch fascinuj\u00facich \u017eensk\u00fdch maliarok a umelk\u00fd\u0148 spomenieme dve men\u00e1. <strong>Frida Kahlo<\/strong>, ktorej \u017eivotu, tvorbe a \u00fatrap\u00e1m sme venovali cel\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok, ktor\u00fd si m\u00f4\u017eete pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 <strong>tu<\/strong> and <strong>Toyen<\/strong> (vlastn\u00fdm meno Marie \u010cerm\u00ednov\u00e1), ktor\u00e1 bola \u010desk\u00e1 maliarka a predstavite\u013eka \u017eensk\u00e9ho surrealizmu v Eur\u00f3pe.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Celebrating Female Surrealists\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/WSE3VOlQMO4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 si uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee surrealizmus vznikol z dadaizmu (umeleck\u00e9ho hnutia, ktor\u00e9 sa objavilo v Eur\u00f3pe a New Yorku ako reakcia na hr\u00f4zy prvej svetovej<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7041","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7041","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7041"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7041\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7041"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7041"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7041"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}