{"id":7042,"date":"2021-06-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-06-23T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/znecistenie-zeme-mapuju-drony\/"},"modified":"2021-06-24T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-06-23T23:00:00","slug":"znecistenie-zeme-mapuju-drony","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/znecistenie-zeme-mapuju-drony\/","title":{"rendered":"Drony pom\u00e1haj\u00fa s mapovan\u00edm zne\u010disten\u00fdch oblast\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mnoh\u00e9 m\u00e9dia, zn\u00e1me osobnosti, ale aj odborn\u00edci varuj\u00fa pred zne\u010dis\u0165ovan\u00edm, ktor\u00e9ho sa dop\u00fa\u0161\u0165ame my \u013eudia. Najm\u00e4 plasty s\u00fa obrovsk\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom, ktor\u00fdmi si \u00faplne ni\u010d\u00edme na\u0161u kr\u00e1snu plan\u00e9tu. Plasty s\u00fa v\u0161ade. \u010ci u\u017e na brehu Antarkt\u00eddy, najvy\u0161\u0161ej hore sveta, zn\u00e1mych pl\u00e1\u017each alebo dedinsk\u00fdch potokoch. Ide o probl\u00e9m obrovsk\u00fdch rozmerov, ktor\u00fd treba okam\u017eite rie\u0161i\u0165. Probl\u00e9m nepredstavuj\u00fa len plasty, ale aj \u010fal\u0161\u00ed odpad, ktor\u00fdm ni\u010d\u00edme pr\u00edrodu a za\u0165a\u017eujeme na\u0161u zem. Viacer\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa s r\u00f4znymi rie\u0161eniami a jedn\u00fdm z nich je aj britsk\u00fd startup Ellipsis Earth, ktor\u00fd do pomoci zapojil dronov.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ako drony pom\u00e1haj\u00fa?\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n

Drony dok\u00e1\u017eu prostredn\u00edctvom kamier Ellipsis<\/strong> mapova\u0165 polohu plastov\u00e9ho zne\u010distenia. N\u00e1sledne sa po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd softv\u00e9r postar\u00e1 o rozpozn\u00e1vanie obr\u00e1zkov<\/strong>. Ur\u010d\u00ed sa o ak\u00fd typ plastu ide, jeho ve\u013ekos\u0165 a v niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch je syst\u00e9m dokonca schopn\u00fd ur\u010di\u0165 aj jeho zna\u010dku alebo p\u00f4vod. Drony t\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom v\u00fdrazne \u0161etria \u010das, ktor\u00fd by \u013eudia str\u00e1vili choden\u00edm a analyzovan\u00edm odpadu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pre\u010do je odpad nutn\u00e9 analyzova\u0165? Aj napriek tomu, \u017ee hovor\u00edme o glob\u00e1lnom zne\u010disten\u00ed<\/strong>, na r\u00f4znych pl\u00e1\u017each sa nach\u00e1dza in\u00fd druh odpadu. V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee sa podar\u00ed identifikova\u0165 konkr\u00e9tny druh, je mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1sledne vyvodi\u0165 z\u00e1very a nariadenia, ktor\u00e9 ho pom\u00f4\u017eu eliminova\u0165. Napr\u00edklad, ak sa na pl\u00e1\u017each bude nach\u00e1dza\u0165 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 mno\u017estvo hygienick\u00fdch vreckoviek, m\u00f4\u017eu na danom mieste pribudn\u00fa\u0165 informa\u010dn\u00e9 tabule o z\u00e1kaze ich vyhadzovania alebo viac odpadkov\u00fdch ko\u0161ov. Taktie\u017e bud\u00fa ma\u0165 samospr\u00e1vy podnet k rie\u0161eniu toaliet alebo m\u00f4\u017eu pr\u00eds\u0165 s vlastn\u00fdmi n\u00e1vrhmi ako tento typ odpadu eliminova\u0165.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mapovanie sveta\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n

Startup Ellipsis Earth zalo\u017eila Ellie Mackay<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 precestovala takmer cel\u00fd svet a bola zhrozen\u00e1 zo spr\u00e1vania \u013eud\u00ed. Ostrovy v ju\u017enom Pacifiku, ktor\u00e9 v\u00f4bec nie s\u00fa ob\u00fdvan\u00e9 s\u00fa zaplaven\u00e9 plastov\u00fdm odpadom. \u010clovek o svojej existencii tak d\u00e1va vedie\u0165 ve\u013emi zl\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom. Ellie Mackay jednotliv\u00e9 oblasti mapovala dronmi a n\u00e1sledne svoje zozbieran\u00e9 \u00fadaje poskytla t\u00edmu odborn\u00edkov, s ktor\u00fdmi ich za\u010dali vyhodnocova\u0165.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Na niektor\u00e9 z\u00e1bery je ve\u013emi \u0165a\u017ek\u00fd poh\u013ead (zdroj obr\u00e1zku: canva.com)\n

Po nieko\u013ek\u00fdch rokoch v\u00fdskumu a v\u00fdvoja bol v roku 2019<\/strong> zalo\u017een\u00fd startup Ellipsis Earth<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9ho cie\u013eom je realiz\u00e1cia projektov po celom svete a mapovanie miery zne\u010distenia. Projekty by mali prebieha\u0165 od pobre\u017eia Ve\u013ekej Brit\u00e1nie a\u017e po brehy rieky Gangy v Indii.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Technol\u00f3gia nie je novinkou\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n

Aj napriek tomu, \u017ee technol\u00f3gia mapovania miest prostredn\u00edctvom dronov je ve\u013emi n\u00e1pomocn\u00e1, nejde o \u00fapln\u00fa novinku a tento n\u00e1pad m\u00e1 svojich predchodcov. Predt\u00fdm sa o mapovanie pok\u00fa\u0161ali bezpilotn\u00e9 lietadl\u00e1 a vedci tie\u017e experimentovali s vysielan\u00edm bal\u00f3nov, ktor\u00e9 na sebe mali pripevnen\u00e9 kamery. Eur\u00f3pska vesm\u00edrna agent\u00fara<\/strong> dokonca vyu\u017eila na identifik\u00e1ciu zne\u010disten\u00fdch oblast\u00ed aj satelity.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Drony, ktor\u00e9 za\u010dal vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 startup Ellipsis Earth maj\u00fa vylep\u0161en\u00fa kameru a tak je ich obraz jasnej\u0161\u00ed. Cel\u00fd \u00fasek pobre\u017eia dok\u00e1\u017eu presk\u00fama\u0165 za nieko\u013eko min\u00fat \u010do v\u00fdrazne ur\u00fdch\u013euje pr\u00e1cu \u013eud\u00ed. Drony<\/strong> dok\u00e1\u017eu detekova\u0165 a\u017e 47 kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed odpadu s presnos\u0165ou a\u017e 95%<\/strong>. S \u010d\u00edm v\u0161ak maj\u00fa drony probl\u00e9m s\u00fa mikroplasty, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa men\u0161ie ako p\u00e4\u0165 milimetrov. Tak\u00e9to mikroplasty tvoria najm\u00e4 oce\u00e1nske dno. Vytvoren\u00e9 s\u00fa z rozlo\u017een\u00fdch plastov. Ellie Mackay tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee aj napriek tomu, \u017ee drony zatia\u013e nedok\u00e1\u017eu rozpozna\u0165 mikroplasty, je ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, \u017ee vedia rozozna\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie plastov\u00e9 \u010dasti. Pr\u00e1ve z nich sa toti\u017e nesk\u00f4r vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa mikroplasty. Pre porovnanie, z jednej plastovej f\u013ea\u0161e<\/strong> m\u00f4\u017ee vznikn\u00fa\u0165 a\u017e 25 000 mikroplastov<\/strong>. Mapovan\u00edm \u00fazem\u00ed sa tak predch\u00e1dza vzniku mikroplastov.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Tony plastov zahlcuj\u00fa na\u0161u plan\u00e9tu (zdroj obr\u00e1zku: canva.com)\n

Dosiahnut\u00e9 zmeny\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n

S v\u00fdskumom prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa aj zmeny. Jednou z prv\u00fdch kraj\u00edn, ktor\u00e1 reagovala na nepriazniv\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky je Ekv\u00e1dor<\/strong>. Org\u00e1ny Galap\u00e1gov zaviedli na cel\u00e9 s\u00faostrovie z\u00e1kaz plastov na jedno pou\u017eitie<\/strong>, vr\u00e1tane plastov\u00fdch ta\u0161iek a polystyr\u00e9nov\u00fdch n\u00e1dob. Z\u00e1kaz sa vz\u0165ahuje aj na turistov a poskytovate\u013eov slu\u017eieb.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Jedn\u00fdm z projektov Ellipsis Earth bolo sledovanie odpadu, ktor\u00e9 tvorili cigaretov\u00e9 \u0161paky<\/strong>. Projekt bol realizovan\u00fd v talianskom Sorrente. V\u00fdsledky boli tak\u00e9 zl\u00e9, \u017ee samospr\u00e1va mesta za\u010dala ihne\u010f kona\u0165. Na pl\u00e1\u017each pribudlo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mno\u017estvo popoln\u00edkov a odpadkov\u00fdch ko\u0161ov, \u010d\u00edm sa zn\u00ed\u017eilo mno\u017estvo odpadu<\/strong> z cigariet a\u017e o 70%<\/strong>. Na tomto pr\u00edklade je jasne vidie\u0165 ako mapovanie \u00fazemia pomohlo k odhaleniu najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho probl\u00e9mu a prispelo tak k jeho rie\u0161eniu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Aktu\u00e1lne prebieha v\u00fdskum v Bournemouthe. Ve\u013ek\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nia takisto \u010del\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9mu probl\u00e9mu s odpadom a tento projekt jej m\u00e1 pom\u00f4c\u0165 s jeho lep\u0161\u00edm identifikovan\u00edm a vymyslen\u00edm pl\u00e1nu na nutn\u00e9 zmeny.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010co si o tomto projekte mysl\u00edte vy? Za\u010dn\u00fa zmapovan\u00e9 plochy pln\u00e9 odpadu \u013eu\u010fom otv\u00e1ra\u0165 o\u010di alebo sa budeme tv\u00e1ri\u0165, \u017ee sa n\u00e1s to net\u00fdka?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mnoh\u00e9 m\u00e9dia, zn\u00e1me osobnosti, ale aj odborn\u00edci varuj\u00fa pred zne\u010dis\u0165ovan\u00edm, ktor\u00e9ho sa dop\u00fa\u0161\u0165ame my \u013eudia. Najm\u00e4 plasty s\u00fa obrovsk\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom, ktor\u00fdmi si \u00faplne ni\u010d\u00edme na\u0161u<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7042","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7042","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7042"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7042\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7042"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7042"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7042"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}