{"id":7052,"date":"2021-07-08T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-07T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/graffiti-vs-street-art\/"},"modified":"2021-07-08T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-07-07T23:00:00","slug":"graffiti-vs-street-art","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/graffiti-vs-street-art\/","title":{"rendered":"Graffiti vs Street Art"},"content":{"rendered":"Graffiti vs street art (Foto: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432)\n<p>Pri prech\u00e1dzke mestom takmer v\u017edy naraz\u00edme na posprejovan\u00e9 steny a m\u00fary. \u010co z toho je umenie a \u010do vandalizmus? Vedeli ste o tom, \u017ee nasprejovan\u00e9 a nama\u013eovan\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky na budov\u00e1ch predstavuj\u00fa <strong>pouli\u010dn\u00e9 umenie, street art<\/strong>, zatia\u013e \u010do n\u00e1pisy patria pod <strong>graffiti<\/strong>. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku si predstav\u00edme oba tieto umeleck\u00e9 smery, ktor\u00e9 by sme mohli nazva\u0165 aj <strong>subkult\u00farami<\/strong>. Povieme si ak\u00e9 s\u00fa medzi nimi rozdiely a \u010do maj\u00fa spolo\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Aj v na\u0161ich mest\u00e1ch si pozorn\u00fd pozorovate\u013e v\u0161imne <strong>tich\u00fd boj<\/strong> medzi \u010dlenmi t\u00fdchto dvoch klubov. Ako pr\u00edklad si v\u0161ak uvedieme \u0161tvr\u0165 <strong>Bushwick v Brooklyne<\/strong>.\u00a0 Pod\u013ea str\u00e1nky columbia.edu\u00a0 tvor\u00ed t\u00fato \u0161tvr\u0165 nieko\u013eko blokov, kde maj\u00fa pouli\u010dn\u00ed umelci <strong>povolenie ma\u013eova\u0165 n\u00e1stenn\u00e9 ma\u013eby na steny budov<\/strong>. T\u00e1to oblas\u0165 sa stala tak zn\u00e1mou, \u017ee ju nav\u0161tevuj\u00fa <strong>umelci z cel\u00e9ho sveta<\/strong>. Ned\u00e1vno sa v\u0161ak na n\u00e1stenn\u00fdch ma\u013eb\u00e1ch objavilo nie\u010do nov\u00e9,<strong> ne\u00f3nov\u00e9 smajl\u00edky<\/strong>. Pre n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch okoloid\u00facich zostan\u00fa tieto smajl\u00edky bu\u010f nepov\u0161imnut\u00e9, alebo si pomyslia, \u017ee je to dielo nejak\u00e9ho svojr\u00e1zneho umelca. V skuto\u010dnosti s\u00fa v\u0161ak tieto <strong>smajl\u00edky umeleck\u00fdmi n\u00e1lepkami<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pouli\u010dn\u00ed umelci, ktor\u00ed ma\u013eovali steny, aby <strong>zakryli zna\u010dky na ich dielach od autorov graffiti.<\/strong> Tak\u00e9to zna\u010dkovanie a prekr\u00fdvanie tvorby niekoho in\u00e9ho m\u00f4\u017eeme pova\u017eova\u0165 za<strong> viac ako vandalizmus. <\/strong>Sledujeme a st\u00e1vame sa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou <strong>pouli\u010dnej bitky<\/strong> medzi umelcami graffiti a street art.<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>\u010co s\u00fa to graffiti?<\/h3>\n<p>Pod\u013ea dictionary.com s\u00fa graffiti bu\u010f formou <strong>vandalizmu<\/strong>, alebo <strong>formou umenia<\/strong>, alebo <strong>oboje s\u00fa\u010dasne<\/strong>. Pod\u013ea defin\u00edcie sa graffiti t\u00fdka <strong>ozna\u010den\u00ed,\u00a0 slov, inici\u00e1l alebo kresieb, ktor\u00e9 boli nastriekan\u00e9, na\u010drtnut\u00e9 alebo dokonca po\u0161kriaban\u00e9 na steny, chodn\u00edky alebo in\u00e9 verejne pr\u00edstupn\u00e9 miesta.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Graffiti, ktor\u00e9 dnes pozn\u00e1me sa za\u010dali po prv\u00fd raz objavova\u0165 na sten\u00e1ch podzemn\u00e9ho metra vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch mest\u00e1ch ako je napr\u00edklad New York u\u017e v <strong>20. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia<\/strong>. Graffiti sa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa <strong>neleg\u00e1lne<\/strong>, \u010do prispieva k negat\u00edvnej povesti tejto umeleckej formy. Pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 graffitov v\u0161ak nie je v\u017edy negat\u00edvna. V priebehu hist\u00f3rie sa graffiti neust\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvali <strong>ako prostriedok politick\u00e9ho a soci\u00e1lneho aktivizmu.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n Takto vyzeraj\u00fa origin\u00e1l graffiti (Foto: Cottonbro na pexels.com)\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Street Art vs Graffiti<\/h3>\n<p><em>\u201eGraffiti sa objavilo sk\u00f4r ako street art umenie. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee street art umenie sa in\u0161pirovalo graffitmi. Graffiti s\u00fa zalo\u017een\u00e9 na slov\u00e1ch a ich autori s\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou samoukmi. Umeleck\u00e1 forma graffiti vznikla z potreby sebavyjadrenia pre mestsk\u00fa ml\u00e1de\u017e,\u201c<\/em> \u00a0uv\u00e1dza zn\u00e1my kur\u00e1tor a autor publik\u00e1cii o street arte Lois Stavsky.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Na druhej strane pouli\u010dn\u00e9 umenie, street art, robia naj\u010dastej\u0161ie umelci, ktor\u00ed pre\u0161li \u0161kolen\u00edm a umeleckou praxou. Na za\u010diatku t\u00edto umelci s\u00edce\u00a0 vych\u00e1dzali z graffitov ale nesk\u00f4r sa <strong>prisp\u00f4sobili konvekci\u00ed a spolo\u010densk\u00fdm norm\u00e1m<\/strong>. Ich diela maj\u00fa zvy\u010dajne pre verejnos\u0165 nejak\u00fd v\u0161eobecn\u00fd v\u00fdznam. S\u00fa <strong>nama\u013eovan\u00e9 so s\u00fahlasom alebo na objedn\u00e1vku<\/strong>. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou maj\u00fa za cie\u013e skr\u00e1\u0161li\u0165 alebo o\u017eivi\u0165 o\u0161arpan\u00e9 steny a siv\u00e9 ulice, alebo pril\u00e1ka\u0165 turistov.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n Street art (Foto: Eva Elijas)\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Vandalizmus alebo sebavyjadrenie?<\/h3>\n<p>Niektor\u00ed maj\u00fa radi graffiti, in\u00fd ich nezn\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa. \u00daprimne sa zhodn\u00fa obyvatelia miest aj kritici umenia, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina graffitov nem\u00e1 hlbok\u00fd v\u00fdznam, my\u0161lienku alebo dostato\u010dn\u00e9 umeleck\u00e9 prevedenie a m\u00f4\u017eeme ich pova\u017eova\u0165 za vandalizmus. Len mal\u00e9 percento z graffitov n\u00e1s don\u00fati sa zastavi\u0165 a zamyslie\u0165, alebo vyjadr\u00ed presne na\u0161u my\u0161lienku. V takomto pr\u00edpade, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed uprednostn\u00ed street art umenie, ktor\u00e9 sa viac prikl\u00e1\u0148a k na\u0161ej predstave o umen\u00ed a kr\u00e1se. Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, \u017ee graffiti z minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia, boli v \u010dase svojho vzniku pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za vandalizmus, ale dnes maj\u00fa obrovsk\u00fa historick\u00fa hodnotu. Vyjadruj\u00fa my\u0161lienky a pocity tej doby a m\u00f4\u017eeme sa z nich ve\u013ea dozvedie\u0165. Preto sa treba zamyslie\u0165 aj nad graffitmi, ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa teraz. N\u00e1m sa m\u00f4\u017eu zda\u0165 nepekn\u00e9 a hl\u00fape, ale mo\u017eno nes\u00fa odkaz, ktor\u00fd odmietame vidie\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eMysl\u00edm si, \u017ee graffiti umenie mo\u017eno pova\u017eova\u0165 za formu kolekt\u00edvneho vyjadrenia, formu meta-umenia.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Emilion Fanti, umelec a vyu\u010duj\u00faci na univerzite v Mil\u00e1ne<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eMor\u00e1lna predstavivos\u0165 a kritick\u00e1 kapacita zimbabwianskych umelcov graffiti je v\u00fdzvou pre trhovo orientovan\u00fa zdatnos\u0165.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Pauline Bullen Phd., vyu\u010duj\u00faca na univerzite v Zimbabwe vyjadrila podporu umelcom graffiti, ktor\u00ed upozor\u0148uj\u00fa na ve\u013ek\u00e9 rozdiely medzi spolo\u010densk\u00fdmi vrstvami v krajine a taktie\u017e svoj\u00edm umen\u00ed buduj\u00fa n\u00e1rodn\u00fa kult\u00faru.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eV Bogote m\u00e1me graffiti. Mlad\u00ed \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed sleduj\u00fa futbal, p\u00ed\u0161u hip hopov\u00e9 piesne, robia umeleck\u00e9 n\u00e1stenn\u00e9 ma\u013eby a politick\u00e9 graffiti maj\u00fa ve\u013ea pr\u00edbehov na vyrozpr\u00e1vanie.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Germ\u00e1n Gom\u00e9z, sociol\u00f3g z Bogoty<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eGraffiti s\u00fa pravdepodobne najrelevantnej\u0161ou umeleckou formou na\u0161ej doby, napriek tomu s\u00fa napadan\u00e9, ni\u010den\u00e9 a be\u017ene komodifikovan\u00e9 v slu\u017eb\u00e1ch gentrifik\u00e1cie.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Sidd Joag, umelec a novin\u00e1r z New Yorku<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eRiziko spojen\u00e9 s produkciou umenia (z ve\u013ekej \u010dasti politick\u00e9ho smeru) predstavuje n\u00e1rok na pr\u00e1vo \u017eien na mesto. Je to po\u017eiadavka na bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a schopnos\u0165 podie\u013ea\u0165 sa na vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed mestsk\u00e9ho priestoru.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Laura Shillington, v\u00fdskumn\u00ed\u010dka v oblasti soci\u00e1lnej vedy na univerzite v Montreale upozor\u0148uje na to, \u017ee graffiti \u010dasto sl\u00fa\u017eia gangom na vymedzenie hran\u00edc ich \u00fazemia. Zo \u0161tatist\u00edk vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu graffitov tvoria mu\u017ei na okrajoch miest v nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch a chudobn\u00fdch \u0161tvrtiach.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pri prech\u00e1dzke mestom takmer v\u017edy naraz\u00edme na posprejovan\u00e9 steny a m\u00fary. \u010co z toho je umenie a \u010do vandalizmus? Vedeli ste o tom, \u017ee nasprejovan\u00e9<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7052","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7052","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7052"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7052\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7052"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7052"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7052"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}