{"id":7091,"date":"2021-08-02T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-01T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/kybersikana-novela-trestneho-zakona\/"},"modified":"2021-08-02T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-08-01T23:00:00","slug":"kybersikana-novela-trestneho-zakona","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/kybersikana-novela-trestneho-zakona\/","title":{"rendered":"Kybar\u0161ikana: Viete, \u010do to je a ako sa na Slovensku od 1. j\u00fala trest\u00e1?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>E\u0161te vo febru\u00e1ri tohto roku koali\u010dn\u00ed poslanci N\u00e1rodnej rady predlo\u017eili novelu Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, ktor\u00e1 sa t\u00fdkala kybernetickej \u0161ikany. <strong>Kyber\u0161ikana sa pod\u013ea ich n\u00e1zoru nepostihovala dostato\u010dne<\/strong>, trestnopr\u00e1vna \u00faprava teda bola nutn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u010eal\u0161\u00edm d\u00f4vodom pre potrebu zmeny legislat\u00edvy je aj skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee po\u010das pand\u00e9mie sa \u013eudia spolo\u010dne so svojimi aktivitami viac a viac <strong>pres\u00favali do online priestoru<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Na za\u010diatku j\u00fana podp\u00edsala novelu z\u00e1kona prezidentka Slovenskej republiky Zuzana \u010caputov\u00e1. <strong>Novela nadobudla \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 od 1. j\u00fala 2021<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 ob\u0165a\u017eovanie m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 trestan\u00e9 a\u017e 3 rokmi od\u0148atia slobody.<\/strong> Jedn\u00e1 sa o pr\u00edpad, kedy osoba prostredn\u00edctvom komunika\u010dnej slu\u017eby alebo po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovej siete\/syst\u00e9mu druh\u00fa osobu \u00famyselne a dlhodobo poni\u017euje, zastra\u0161uje, neopr\u00e1vnene kon\u00e1 v jej mene, pr\u00edpadne jej sp\u00f4sobuje in\u00e9 podobn\u00e9 dlhodob\u00e9 ob\u0165a\u017eovanie.<\/p>\n<p>Trest m\u00f4\u017ee hrozi\u0165 aj v pr\u00edpade <strong>neopr\u00e1vnen\u00e9ho zverejnenia obrazov\u00e9ho, zvukov\u00e9ho \u010di obrazovo-zvukov\u00e9ho z\u00e1znamu osobnej povahy<\/strong> (alebo spr\u00edstupnenia tohto z\u00e1znamu inej osobe), ktor\u00fd bol z\u00edskan\u00fd so s\u00fahlasom danej osoby, pri\u010dom tento z\u00e1znam m\u00f4\u017ee ohrozi\u0165 v\u00e1\u017enos\u0165 osoby alebo sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 in\u00fa v\u00e1\u017enu ujmu na jej pr\u00e1vach,<\/p>\n<p>Jeden a\u017e \u0161tyri roky za mre\u017eami hrozia p\u00e1chate\u013eovi vtedy, ke\u010f <strong>trestn\u00fd \u010din urob\u00ed na z\u00e1klade osobitn\u00e9ho mot\u00edvu<\/strong>, pr\u00edpadne ho sp\u00e1cha na chr\u00e1nenej osobe.<\/p>\n<p>Dva a\u017e \u0161es\u0165 rokov p\u00e1chate\u013eovi hrozia vtedy, <strong>ke\u010f obeti sp\u00f4sob\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00fa \u0161kodu<\/strong>, alebo kon\u00e1 s \u00famyslom z\u00edska\u0165 zna\u010dn\u00fd prospech, pr\u00edpadne ak bol za tak\u00fdto \u010din u\u017e v uplynul\u00fdch 24 mesiacoch ods\u00faden\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h3>\u010co je to kyber\u0161ikana?<\/h3>\n<p>\u201e\u200b<em>Vo v\u0161eobecnosti kybernetick\u00e1 \u0161ikana predstavuje \u0161pecifick\u00fd druh \u0161ikany, realizovan\u00fd prostredn\u00edctvom informa\u010dn\u00fdch a komunika\u010dn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed, pri\u010dom p\u00e1chate\u013e m\u00e1 k dispoz\u00edcii nov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj na ubli\u017eovanie, ktor\u00fdm je virtu\u00e1lna realita<\/em>,&#8220; uv\u00e1dza Ministerstvo spravodlivosti Slovenskej republiky na svojich webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nkach.<\/p>\n<p>Obe\u0165ami online \u0161ikanovania nie s\u00fa len malolet\u00e9 osoby, ale aj osoby bl\u00edzke veku mladistv\u00fdch a dospel\u00ed. \u201e<em>Vo v\u0161eobecnosti sa \u0161ikanovanie vyzna\u010duje znakom opakovan\u00e9ho a trvaj\u00faceho konania s \u00famyslom \u0161kodi\u0165 druh\u00e9mu poni\u017eovan\u00edm, ob\u0165a\u017eovan\u00edm, vystupovan\u00edm v mene obete, vylu\u010dovan\u00edm zo skupiny s preuk\u00e1zate\u013en\u00fdm dopadom na obe\u0165 a zverejnen\u00edm prejavov osobnej povahy obete vo virtu\u00e1lnom priestore, resp. internete,&#8220; <\/em>MSSR \u010falej pokra\u010duje.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kvalita \u017eivota obete sa kv\u00f4li tak\u00fdmto \u010dinom m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00fdrazne zhor\u0161i\u0165<\/strong>. Najm\u00e4 mlad\u00ed \u013eudia situ\u00e1ciu rie\u0161ia aj\u00a0 extr\u00e9mnou cestou- siahnut\u00edm si na \u017eivot.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Dobr\u00e9 r\u00e1no: S pand\u00e9miou pri\u0161iel aj n\u00e1rast kyber\u0161ikany. Agresorom hroz\u00ed v\u00e4zenie (28.7.2021)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2HlcupSgW84?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>\u010c\u00edm sa kyber\u0161ikana odli\u0161uje od \u201eklasickej\u201c \u0161ikany?<\/h3>\n<p>\u00daplne zrete\u013en\u00fdm rozdielom je priestor, v ktorom sa \u0161ikana odohr\u00e1va. V pr\u00edpade \u201eklasickej&#8220; \u0161ikany \u010dasto hovor\u00edme napr\u00edklad o \u0161kol\u00e1ch. <strong>Ak hovor\u00edme o kyber\u0161ikane, situ\u00e1cie prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa do online priestoru<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Zatia\u013e \u010do obe\u0165 \u0161ikany v \u0161kole agresora vid\u00ed a spozn\u00e1, v priestoroch internetu to tak by\u0165 nemus\u00ed. <strong>Anonymita v online priestore nie je ni\u010d exkluz\u00edvne<\/strong>. Ktoko\u013evek z n\u00e1s si vie v priebehu p\u00e1r min\u00fat zalo\u017ei\u0165 \u00fa\u010det s falo\u0161nou identitou. A keby len jeden.<\/p>\n<p>Osoba, ktor\u00e1 sa rozhodne niekoho \u0161ikanova\u0165 prostredn\u00edctvom internetu, <strong>nec\u00edti tak siln\u00fa hrozbu, preto\u017ee nemus\u00ed by\u0165 nikdy odhalen\u00e1<\/strong> a n\u00e1sledne nies\u0165 n\u00e1sledky za svoje \u010diny. Deje sa to aj napriek tomu, \u017ee obe\u0165 sa s agresorom vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov pozn\u00e1 aj osobne.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vek a vzh\u013ead pri kyber\u0161ikanovan\u00ed nehr\u00e1 \u017eiadnu \u00falohu<\/strong>. Internetov\u00e1 \u0161ikana m\u00f4\u017ee prebieha\u0165 medzi rovesn\u00edkmi, ale aj medzi r\u00f4znymi vekov\u00fdmi skupinami.<\/p>\n<p>Pri \u201ebe\u017enej&#8220; \u0161ikane na \u0161kol\u00e1ch sa obe\u0165 c\u00edti ohrozen\u00e1 najm\u00e4 v \u010dase, kedy sa v \u0161kole alebo v jej okol\u00ed zdr\u017eiava. <strong>V pr\u00edpade online \u0161ikanovania nie je vymedzen\u00fd konkr\u00e9tny priestor a \u010das, obe\u0165 je v strehu v podstate 24 hod\u00edn denne.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ne\u00famyseln\u00e1 kyber\u0161ikana<\/strong> vznik\u00e1 v situ\u00e1cii, kedy osoba nedomysl\u00ed d\u00f4sledky. Obe\u0165 svoj\u00edm konan\u00edm po\u0161kod\u00ed, pri\u010dom n\u00e1sledky v\u00f4bec nemus\u00ed vidie\u0165, neuvedomuje si rozsah sp\u00e1chanej \u0161kody.<\/p>\n<h3>Ako kyber\u0161ikane predch\u00e1dza\u0165?<\/h3>\n<p>Odborn\u00edci pripisuj\u00fa \u00faspech pr\u00e1ve komunik\u00e1cii. S de\u0165mi je potrebn\u00e9 komunikova\u0165 a diskutova\u0165 o internete a probl\u00e9moch online sveta. Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 obozn\u00e1mi\u0165 ich s t\u00fdm, <strong>aby o sebe nezverej\u0148ovali citliv\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie<\/strong>. Opatrnos\u0165 je potrebn\u00e1 aj v pr\u00edpade zverej\u0148ovania fotografii \u010di vide\u00ed. Ma\u0165 svoje die\u0165a v priate\u013eoch v online priestore je skvelou cestou ako ich aktivitu na internete odkontrolova\u0165.<\/p>\n<h3>Zbiera\u0165 d\u00f4kazy je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p>V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee ste sa vy alebo va\u0161e die\u0165a internetovej \u0161ikane nevyhli, je nutn\u00e9 t\u00fato situ\u00e1ciu rie\u0161i\u0165 \u010do najsk\u00f4r. <strong>Je ve\u013emi vhodn\u00e9 dokumentova\u0165 si formy tak\u00e9hoto ob\u0165a\u017eovania.<\/strong> Mo\u017enost\u00ed je viac. Fotografia obrazovky, ulo\u017eenie a vytla\u010denie si komunik\u00e1cie prostredn\u00edctvom e-mailu alebo sms spr\u00e1v, pr\u00edpadne m\u00f4\u017eete nato\u010di\u0165 video.<\/p>\n<p>Dokument\u00e1cia d\u00f4kazov by mala obsahova\u0165 aj detailn\u00e9 \u00fadaje- <strong>kde, kedy, na akom webe\/ soci\u00e1lnej sieti alebo inej platforme bol pr\u00edspevok zverejnen\u00fd alebo kedy bola spr\u00e1va doru\u010den\u00e1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Toto v\u0161etko je potrebn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ve ako d\u00f4kaz, \u017ee s\u00fa proti v\u00e1m tieto aktivity konan\u00e9 dlhodobo.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>Bratislavsk\u00e1 pol\u00edcia rie\u0161i prv\u00e9 pr\u00edpady kyber\u0161ikany<\/h3>\n<p>Hospod\u00e1rske noviny e\u0161te 25. j\u00fala informovala o pr\u00edpad kyber\u0161ikany, ktor\u00fd poch\u00e1dza z bratislavskej Petr\u017ealky.<\/p>\n<p>Ozn\u00e1menie vo veci podozrenia z trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu <strong>nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho elektronick\u00e9ho ob\u0165a\u017eovania<\/strong> s\u00favis\u00ed so zverejnen\u00edm audiovizu\u00e1lneho z\u00e1znamu na jednej zo soci\u00e1lnych siet\u00ed.<\/p>\n Za kyber\u0161ikanu si m\u00f4\u017ee agresor odsedie\u0165 a\u017e 6 rokov za mre\u017eami, Pixabay\/Anemone123\n<h3>S\u00favis\u00ed kyber\u0161ikana s obmedzen\u00edm slobody slova?<\/h3>\n<p>Trestn\u00e1 obhajky\u0148a Jitka Has\u00edkov\u00e1 sa ob\u00e1va obmedzenia slobody slova. Z\u00e1kon by sa v niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch mohol da\u0165 pou\u017ei\u0165 ako obrana pred kritikou verejn\u00fdch \u010dinite\u013eov.<\/p>\n<p>Odborn\u00ed\u010dka na trestn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo Lucia Kurilovsk\u00e1 s n\u00e1zorom Has\u00edkovej nes\u00fahlas\u00ed. Pod\u013ea nej by si <strong>verejn\u00fd \u010dinite\u013e mal uvedomova\u0165 svoju zodpovednos\u0165<\/strong> a prija\u0165, \u017ee jeho \u010dinnos\u0165 je kontrolovan\u00e1, napr\u00edklad aj m\u00e9diami. Be\u017en\u00e9 pr\u00edpady kritiky novin\u00e1rov preto za kyber\u0161ikanu nepova\u017euje. Aby sa t\u00e1to mo\u017enos\u0165 zva\u017eovala, novin\u00e1rovi by sa muselo dok\u00e1za\u0165 to, \u017ee <strong>konal s \u00famyslom niekoho po\u0161kodi\u0165<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Be\u017en\u00e1 kritika preto ur\u010dite nebude obmedzen\u00e1 novelou Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/strong>. \u00damyseln\u00e9 ubli\u017eovanie a \u00fatoky na ak\u00fako\u013evek osobu by sa v\u0161ak nemali bra\u0165 ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 \u201eslobody slova&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sources:<\/strong> Hospod\u00e1rske noviny, Teraz, Ministerstvo zdravotn\u00edctva Slovenskej republiky, Aktuality, Pr\u00edru\u010dka- Predch\u00e1dzajme kyber\u0161ikane, Uniqua, Kyber\u0161ikanovanie, Cyberhelp, Webnoviny<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>E\u0161te vo febru\u00e1ri tohto roku koali\u010dn\u00ed poslanci N\u00e1rodnej rady predlo\u017eili novelu Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, ktor\u00e1 sa t\u00fdkala kybernetickej \u0161ikany. Kyber\u0161ikana sa pod\u013ea ich n\u00e1zoru nepostihovala dostato\u010dne,<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7091","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7091","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7091"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7091\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7091"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7091"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7091"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}