{"id":7095,"date":"2021-08-05T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-04T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/mozu-zvierata-tvorit-umenie\/"},"modified":"2021-08-05T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-08-04T23:00:00","slug":"mozu-zvierata-tvorit-umenie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/mozu-zvierata-tvorit-umenie\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00f4\u017eu zvierat\u00e1 tvori\u0165 umenie?"},"content":{"rendered":"Pockets Warhol, umelec, filantropista a opica v jednom (Zdroj: Pockets Warhol)\n<p>Pod\u013ea antropol\u00f3gov je tvorba umenia jedine\u010dn\u00e1 \u013eudsk\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165. Pri tejto \u010dinnosti vyr\u00e1ba \u010dlovek nie\u010do jedine\u010dn\u00e9 a <strong>o\u010dak\u00e1va ocenenie od ostatn\u00fdch<\/strong>. \u013dudsk\u00e9 mot\u00edvy s\u00fa v\u0161ak len zriedka tak\u00e9to jednoduch\u00e9. Novodob\u00ed umelci si ve\u013emi dobre uvedomuj\u00fa <strong>komer\u010dn\u00fa hodnotu svojho produktu<\/strong> a v\u00fdhody, ktor\u00e9 z toho plyn\u00fa, <strong>sl\u00e1va, peniaze a pozornos\u0165<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Na ot\u00e1zku \u010do je umenie nem\u00e1me jednotn\u00fa odpove\u010f. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 obdobie aj jednotlivci maj\u00fa rozdielne poh\u013eady na umenie a umeleck\u00e9 dielo. Mnoh\u00e9 z diel, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa vystavovan\u00e9 v m\u00faze\u00e1ch a gal\u00e9riach boli a s\u00fa u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 objekty be\u017enej \u013eudskej potreby.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Ke\u010f\u017ee si \u013eudia dodnes nevedia odpoveda\u0165 na ot\u00e1zku \u010do je umenie, nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 ani odpoveda\u0165 na to, \u010di zvierat\u00e1 s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 tvori\u0165 a oceni\u0165 umenie.<\/strong> <\/em><\/p>\n<p>Na str\u00e1nke wikipedia sa nach\u00e1dza term\u00edn<em> Animal-Made-Art<\/em> (v preklade Umenie tvoren\u00e9 zvieratami). Jednoduch\u00e1 defin\u00edcia tohoto pojmu znie: \u201eAnimal-Made-Art je umenie, ktor\u00e9 bolo vytvoren\u00e9 zviera\u0165om\u201c. Predmety, ktor\u00e9 my \u013eudia pova\u017eujeme za umeleck\u00e9 a boli vytvoren\u00e9 zvieratami m\u00f4\u017eeme rozdeli\u0165 na <strong>3 kateg\u00f3rie<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>nau\u010den\u00e9 tvorenie<\/li>\n<li>experimentovanie a opakovanie po \u013eu\u010foch<\/li>\n<li>in\u0161tinkt\u00edvne spr\u00e1vanie za cie\u013eom zauja\u0165 opa\u010dn\u00e9 pohlavie.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Tvorba pod \u013eudsk\u00fdm veden\u00edm<\/h3>\n<p>Internetom sa \u0161\u00edrilo video, na ktorom <strong>slon dr\u017e\u00ed v chobote \u0161tetec a ma\u013euje obraz na pl\u00e1tno<\/strong>. Tento slon bol s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou skupiny slonov v zoo, ktor\u00e9 boli vycvi\u010den\u00e9 k ma\u013eovaniu. Chovatelia v zoo si spo\u010diatku mysleli, \u017ee ma\u013eovanie bude <strong>atrakt\u00edvne pre slony a spestr\u00ed im pobyt v zajat\u00ed<\/strong>. Av\u0161ak pod\u013ea \u0161t\u00fadie Megan English a jej t\u00fdmu, ma\u013eovanie nem\u00e1<strong> \u017eiadne obohacuj\u00face \u00fa\u010dinky pre slony<\/strong>. Pokia\u013e je tr\u00e9novanie zvierat pod<strong> spr\u00e1vnym veden\u00edm a zviera po\u010das tr\u00e9ningu netrp\u00ed<\/strong>, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 t\u00e1to forma umenie <strong>prospe\u0161n\u00e1 pre zviera<\/strong> inak. <strong>Zisk z predaja<\/strong> zvierac\u00edch diel pom\u00e1ha zariadeniam a organiz\u00e1ci\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 sa venuj\u00fa <strong>ochrane div\u00fdch zvierat<\/strong> a takisto m\u00f4\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 povedomie o ich \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Okrem slonov aj in\u00e9 zvierat\u00e1 ako <strong>delf\u00edny, belugy, zajace<\/strong> or<strong> psy<\/strong> boli nau\u010den\u00e9 ma\u013eova\u0165 abstraktn\u00e9 obrazy. Video ni\u017e\u0161ie, ktor\u00e9 bolo zverejnen\u00e9 na youtube kan\u00e1ly <strong>Animal Planet, <\/strong>zachyt\u00e1va slep\u00e9ho psa, ktor\u00e9ho majite\u013eka nau\u010dila ma\u013eova\u0165. Finan\u010dn\u00e9 prostriedky z predaja jeho diel s\u00fa venovan\u00e9 miestnemu \u00fatulku.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Blind Dog Learns to Paint\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TJbsVFX3eUM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Experimentovanie zvierat<\/h3>\n<p>Azda <strong>najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edm umelcom zo zvieracej r\u00ed\u0161e<\/strong> je <strong>\u0161impanz Congo<\/strong>. Kongo sa narodil v roku 1954 a zomrel o 10 rokov nesk\u00f4r. Kresli\u0165 sa nau\u010dil vo veku dvoch rokov, ke\u010f mu <strong>zool\u00f3g Desmond Morris<\/strong> dal ceruzku a pl\u00e1tno.<\/p>\n<p>&quot;<em>Kongo vzal ceruzku a ja som pred neho polo\u017eil karti\u010dku. Z konca ceruzky vych\u00e1dzalo nie\u010do zvl\u00e1\u0161tne. Bola to prv\u00e1 \u010diara Konga. Chv\u00ed\u013eu sa zam\u00fd\u0161\u013eal a potom prestal. Stalo by sa to znova? \u00c1no, stalo sa to znova a znova. \u201c\u00a0\u00a0<\/em> Desmod Morris, opis prv\u00e9ho Congov\u00e9ho stretnutia s umen\u00edm<\/p>\n<p>Morris pri \u010fal\u0161om pozorovan\u00ed Conga zistil, \u017ee \u0161impanz dok\u00e1zal <strong>kresli\u0165 kruhy<\/strong> a vo svojich kresb\u00e1ch mal <strong>z\u00e1kladn\u00fd zmysel pre kompoz\u00edciu<\/strong>. Vykazoval tie\u017e schopnos\u0165 <strong>symetrickej konzistencie<\/strong> medzi dvoma stranami skice, ke\u010f Morris nakreslil<strong> tvar na jednu stranu papiera<\/strong>, Congo vyrovnalo \u0161trukt\u00faru tak, \u017ee <strong>na druhej polovici papiera urobil zna\u010dky<\/strong>. Podobne, ak by farba na jednej strane obsahovala napr\u00edklad modr\u00fa, pridal by modr\u00fa farbu aj na druh\u00fa stranu, aby udr\u017eal rovnov\u00e1hu.<\/p>\n Dielo \u0160impanza Conga\n<p id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large XcVN5d tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Preklad\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"sk\">\u00a0<\/span>Congov umeleck\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl bol op\u00edsan\u00fd ako <strong>\u201elyrick\u00fd abstraktn\u00fd impresionizmus\u201c<\/strong>. <strong>Pablo Picasso<\/strong> bol \u00fadajne tie\u017e fan\u00fa\u0161ikom jeho obrazov a jeden si aj zavesil do svojho ateli\u00e9ru, ke\u010f ho dostal ako dar\u010dek.<\/p>\n<p>Po Congovej smrti prebral jeho poz\u00edciu v umeleckom svete <strong>samec kapuc\u00ednskej opice<\/strong> s menom Pockets Warhol.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n Zvierac\u00ed umelec Pockets Warhol je akt\u00edvny aj na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach a pom\u00e1ha zbiera\u0165 financie pre rezerv\u00e1ciu, v ktorej \u017eije (Zdroj: Twitter)\n<h3 data-placeholder=\"Preklad\">Skvel\u00ed tvorcovia hudby v zvieracej r\u00ed\u0161i<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Preklad\">Re\u010d je o <strong>vt\u00e1koch l\u00fdrochvostochoch<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 \u017eij\u00fa v <strong>strednej Austr\u00e1lii<\/strong>. Na rozdiel od ostatn\u00fdch vt\u00e1kov sa samec l\u00fdrochvosta nenau\u010d\u00ed svoju piese\u0148 od svojho otca. Namiesto toho komponuje svoju vt\u00e1\u010diu piese\u0148 <strong>zo zvukov poch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich z biotopu<\/strong>, v ktorom \u017eije. V zajat\u00ed je dokonca zn\u00e1me, \u017ee tieto vt\u00e1ky napodob\u0148uj\u00fa aj zvuky \u013eudskej \u010dinnosti, ako s\u00fa napr\u00edklad <strong>zvuky re\u0165azovej p\u00edly<\/strong> na \u0165a\u017ebu stromov alebo dokonca <strong>\u013eudsk\u00fa hudbu<\/strong>, ktor\u00fa hraj\u00fa drevoruba\u010di.<\/p>\n<p>Ako u mu\u017esk\u00fdch spev\u00e1kov je aj cie\u013eom samca l\u00fdrochvosta vytvori\u0165 <strong>hudbu, ktor\u00e1 bude pri\u0165ahova\u0165 samice<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Amazing! Bird Sounds From The Lyre Bird - David Attenborough  - BBC Wildlife\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/VjE0Kdfos4Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Prehliadka vyzdoben\u00fdch hniezd<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Samce austr\u00e1lskych \u0161korcov<\/strong> vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa a zdobia svoje hniezda. Ich hniezda pripom\u00ednaj\u00fa alt\u00e1nok,<strong> ktor\u00fdm sa sna\u017eia zap\u00f4sobilo na samice<\/strong>. Pred svojim alt\u00e1nkom takisto vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa<strong> n\u00e1dvorie z predmetov<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 na\u0161li. Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie objekty umiest\u0148uj\u00fa \u010falej a vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa perspekt\u00edvu, \u017ee s\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie, ne\u017e v skuto\u010dnosti s\u00fa. Radi vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa farebn\u00e9 a leskl\u00e9 plasty alebo skl\u00ed\u010dka na zdobenie svojich n\u00e1dvor\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Samce stoja hrdo pred svojimi alt\u00e1nkami a samice sa prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa pomedzi ne a hodnotia ich.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ak na samicu zap\u00f4sob\u00ed umeleck\u00fd talent samca, sp\u00e1ri sa s n\u00edm. Po sp\u00e1ren\u00ed samica opust\u00ed samca a vyd\u00e1 sa pre\u010d, aby si vytvorila vlastn\u00e9 hniezdo a vychov\u00e1vala svoje potomstvo sama.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Satin Bowerbird courtship behavior (4K)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1EN9k6LEulg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large XcVN5d tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Preklad\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"sk\">Pod\u013ea US Copyright Office sa na polo\u017eky vytvoren\u00e9 nie-\u010dlovekom (zviera) nem\u00f4\u017ee vz\u0165ahova\u0165 autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee umeleck\u00e9 diela aj selfie fotografie vytvoren\u00e9 zviera\u0165om nie s\u00fa chranen\u00e9 autorsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vom (copyright).<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pod\u013ea antropol\u00f3gov je tvorba umenia jedine\u010dn\u00e1 \u013eudsk\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165. Pri tejto \u010dinnosti vyr\u00e1ba \u010dlovek nie\u010do jedine\u010dn\u00e9 a o\u010dak\u00e1va ocenenie od ostatn\u00fdch. \u013dudsk\u00e9 mot\u00edvy s\u00fa v\u0161ak len<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7095","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7095","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7095"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7095\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7095"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7095"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7095"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}