{"id":7156,"date":"2021-09-09T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-09-08T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/v-keni-su-influenceri-plateni-aby-ociernovali-a-sirili-dezinformacie\/"},"modified":"2021-09-09T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-09-08T23:00:00","slug":"v-keni-su-influenceri-plateni-aby-ociernovali-a-sirili-dezinformacie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/v-keni-su-influenceri-plateni-aby-ociernovali-a-sirili-dezinformacie\/","title":{"rendered":"V Keni s\u00fa influenceri platen\u00ed, aby o\u010dier\u0148ovali a \u0161\u00edrili dezinform\u00e1cie"},"content":{"rendered":"Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, TikTok a \u010fal\u0161ie, to s\u00fa v\u0161etko len platformy na zdie\u013eanie obsahu. Ich prev\u00e1dzkovatelia nie s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00ed za spr\u00e1vanie pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, napriek tomu by mali viac dba\u0165 na to, \u010do sa zdie\u013ea – umelo sa tak m\u00f4\u017ee ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165 verejn\u00e1 mienka falo\u0161n\u00fdmi inform\u00e1ciami.\n

Kon\u0161pir\u00e1tori. Antir\u00fa\u0161kari. Dezinform\u00e1tori. Trollovia.<\/strong> To s\u00fa v\u0161etko pojmy, ktor\u00e9 vzbudzuj\u00fa odpor, a to ako na jednej, tak i druhej strane. T\u00ed, ktor\u00fdch sa to t\u00fdka, sa okam\u017eite br\u00e1nia tvrdeniami, \u017ee ide o ust\u00e1len\u00e9 pomenovania od takzvan\u00fdch \u201eslnie\u010dk\u00e1rov\u201c, ktor\u00ed nevidia svet realisticky, ale pr\u00edli\u0161 optimisticky a naivne. A t\u00edto si zasa pripom\u00ednaj\u00fa incidenty, kedy sa odporcovia syst\u00e9mu a samozvan\u00ed bojovn\u00edci za \u013eudsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va pr\u00e1ve k \u013eu\u010fom bezd\u00f4vodne spr\u00e1vaj\u00fa vulg\u00e1rne, agres\u00edvne, n\u00e1siln\u00edcky, niekedy priam brut\u00e1lne. Je to aj vec Slovenska, nielen Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov a Ruska, odkia\u013e prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa otrasn\u00e9 vide\u00e1 medzi\u013eudsk\u00fdch konfliktov naj\u010dastej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n

Spo\u010diatku sa zdalo, \u017ee internet v\u010faka svojej anonymite umo\u017e\u0148uje rozkvet \u013eudskej hl\u00faposti. Potom v roku 2008 pri\u0161iel Facebook, prakticky v\u0161etci na internete anonymitu postupne stratili, ale zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee hl\u00fapos\u0165 rozkvitla e\u0161te viac. Vieme, pre\u010do je to tak. Prejavil sa toti\u017e najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed nedostatok demokracie – \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd hlas je rovnocenn\u00fd bez oh\u013eadu na mor\u00e1lne kvality jednotlivca.<\/p>\n

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Mo\u017enos\u0165 hlasova\u0165, slobodne sa vyjadrova\u0165 a nenies\u0165 za to zodpovednos\u0165 sa st\u00e1va probl\u00e9mom, to je jasn\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00e9mu racion\u00e1lnemu \u010dloveku. T\u00e1to sloboda toti\u017e prin\u00e1\u0161a aj rozmach cielene vytv\u00e1ran\u00fdch a podporovan\u00fdch dezinform\u00e1ci\u00ed. My na Slovensku niekedy \u017easneme nad t\u00fdm, \u010do sa deje v prostred\u00ed slovensk\u00e9ho internetu, ak\u00e9 bludy s\u00fa \u013eudia schopn\u00ed zdie\u013ea\u0165 a podporova\u0165.<\/p>\n

V zahrani\u010d\u00ed sa \u013eudia stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa s cielen\u00fdm \u0161\u00edren\u00edm podvodov a dezinform\u00e1ci\u00ed v e\u0161te intenz\u00edvnej\u0161ej podobe. Magaz\u00edn Wired vydal pr\u00edspevok In Kenya, Influencers Are Hired to Spread Disinformation, v ktorom extern\u00fd autor\u00a0 Odanga Madun G<\/strong> and Brian Obilo z Mozilla Foundation<\/strong> pouk\u00e1zali na vyu\u017e\u00edvanie influencerov na podporu zav\u00e1dzaj\u00face a podvodn\u00e9ho obsahu na internete.<\/p>\n

V Keni sa moment\u00e1lne v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom \u0161\u00edria spr\u00e1vy s hashtagom #AnarchistJudges<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1plava tweetov, zjavne tvoren\u00e1 nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi robotmi a retweetovan\u00e1 s\u00e9riou nastr\u010den\u00fdch falo\u0161n\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dtov, vrhla podozrenie na kompetentnos\u0165 a bez\u00fahonnos\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch sudcov najvy\u0161\u0161ieho s\u00fadu v Keni, ktor\u00ed pr\u00e1ve zamietli n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona o zmen\u00e1ch \u00fastavy z tohto roka, zn\u00e1my ako iniciat\u00edva Building Bridges Initiative<\/strong> (BBI). Ke\u0148sk\u00fd vrchn\u00fd s\u00fad zru\u0161il BBI 14. m\u00e1ja a odvolac\u00ed s\u00fad rozsudok 20. augusta 2021 potvrdil s od\u00f4vodnen\u00edm, \u017ee iniciat\u00edva bola proti\u00fastavn\u00e1. Rozhodnutie nielen\u017ee naru\u0161ilo u\u017e tak zl\u00fd vz\u0165ah medzi ke\u0148sk\u00fdm s\u00fadnictvom a jeho v\u00fdkonnou mocou, ale viedlo aj k vln\u00e1m dezinforma\u010dn\u00fdch \u00fatokov, ktor\u00fdch cie\u013eom bolo spochybni\u0165 ich nez\u00e1vislos\u0165 na s\u00fadoch a spr\u00e1vnos\u0165 ich rozhodnutia.<\/p>\n

Mnoh\u00e9 tweety falo\u0161ne tvrdili, \u017ee sudcovia boli zapojen\u00ed do obchodovania s narkotikami, \u00faplatk\u00e1rstva a politickej korupcie. T\u00e9ma vyvolala v krajine ve\u013ek\u00fd rozruch a stala sa ter\u010dom pozornosti celej spolo\u010dnosti. Pr\u00e1ve to bol cie\u013e dezinform\u00e1torov, zlomi\u0165 vierohodnos\u0165 sudcov.<\/p>\n

Od potvrdenia rozsudku sa tieto \u00fatoky v\u00fdrazne zmenili, dostali lep\u0161ie vizu\u00e1lne spracovanie. \u010coraz viac pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa vzh\u013ead novinov\u00fdch karikat\u00far a obrazov\u00fdch spracovan\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 uprednost\u0148uje americk\u00fd pravicov\u00fd Twitter, s opakovan\u00edm konkr\u00e9tnych predl\u00f4h pomocou obr\u00e1zkov sudcov. M\u00e1 to by\u0165 prejav zmeny strat\u00e9gie, ktor\u00e1 sa sna\u017eila urobi\u0165 obsah pr\u00edjemnej\u0161\u00edm a zdie\u013eate\u013enej\u0161\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Zapojen\u00ed boli aj influenceri – za peniaze<\/h3>\n

Prostredn\u00edctvom s\u00e9rie rozhovorov s influencermi zapojen\u00fdmi do t\u00fdchto kampan\u00ed presk\u00famali d\u00f4kazy o rozm\u00e1haj\u00facom sa a temnom priemysle ovplyv\u0148ovate\u013eov soci\u00e1lnych m\u00e9di\u00ed na politick\u00e9 ciele v Keni. Zdroje uviedli, \u017ee za \u00fa\u010das\u0165 na troch kampaniach denne dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa zaplaten\u00e9 od 10 do 15 dol\u00e1rov. In\u00ed dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa pau\u0161\u00e1lne odmeny 250 dol\u00e1rov mesa\u010dne. V krajine, kde mno\u017estvo \u013eud\u00ed zar\u00e1ba jeden dol\u00e1r denne, s\u00fa to obrovsk\u00e9 sumy, ktor\u00e9 motivuj\u00fa aj \u0161\u00edreniu evidentn\u00fdch podvodov.<\/p>\n

Dopyt po tejto slu\u017ebe zo strany politickej triedy v Keni je siln\u00fd. Len v m\u00e1ji a j\u00fani Wired a Mozilla Foundation napo\u010d\u00edtali najmenej 31 trendov\u00fdch umel\u00fdch politick\u00fdch hashtagov – \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee Ke\u0148ania sa museli ka\u017ed\u00fd druh\u00fd de\u0148 zaobera\u0165 najmenej jednou politickou dezinforma\u010dnou kampa\u0148ou.\u00a0 Pod\u013ea Wired v\u0161ak cel\u00e1 kampa\u0148 doteraz pozost\u00e1vala #AnarchistJudges z viac ako 23-tis\u00edc tweetov vyprodukovan\u00fdch takmer 4-tis\u00edc \u00fa\u010dtami<\/strong>. Medzi nimi boli aj tak\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 spravovali takzvan\u00ed influnceri. To s\u00fa osoby, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach dosah na tis\u00edce, desiatky a\u017e stovky tis\u00edc \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Centrom t\u00fdchto oper\u00e1ci\u00ed bol Twitter, ktor\u00fd silne ovplyv\u0148uje spravodajsk\u00fd cyklus krajiny a m\u00e1 vyu\u017eite\u013en\u00e9 funkcie, ako je napr\u00edklad trendov\u00fd algoritmus. Mnoh\u00e9 zo z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dtov a jednotlivcov propaguj\u00fa pr\u00ed\u010diny a politick\u00e9 ideol\u00f3gie bez toho, aby odhalili, \u017ee s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou platen\u00fdch kampan\u00ed. Wired preto vyz\u00fdva Twitter, aby robil nad svojim mechanizmom v\u00fdberu trendov lep\u0161\u00ed dozor a zoh\u013ead\u0148oval skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee internet je pln\u00fd dezinforma\u010dn\u00e9ho obsahu.<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f\u017ee Ke\u0148a smeruje k sporn\u00fdm vo\u013eb\u00e1m v roku 2022<\/strong>, dopyt po t\u00fdchto slu\u017eb\u00e1ch sa e\u0161te zv\u00fd\u0161i. Nieko\u013eko politick\u00fdch str\u00e1n a predstavite\u013eov bude h\u013eada\u0165 neautentick\u00e9 koordinovan\u00e9 kampane, z ktor\u00fdch mnoh\u00e9 sa zlomyse\u013ene zameraj\u00fa na jednotlivcov a kensk\u00e9 in\u0161tit\u00facie. Kampane, na ktor\u00e9 Wired pouk\u00e1zal, s\u00fa predzves\u0165ou toho, \u010do pr\u00edde a Twitter mus\u00ed za\u010da\u0165 venova\u0165 pozornos\u0165 tejto v\u00e1\u017enej t\u00e9me.<\/p>\n

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bez<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Za jeden pr\u00edspevok influenceri dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa a\u017e desa\u0165n\u00e1sobok denn\u00e9ho platu.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7156"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7156\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7156"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}