{"id":7158,"date":"2021-09-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-09-09T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/11-september-20-vyrocie-svetove-obchodne-centrum-teroristicky-utok-world-trade-center-20-rokov-pentagon-pensylvania-al-kaida-shanksville-pamatniky-let-unos-dejiny-usa\/"},"modified":"2021-09-10T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-09-09T23:00:00","slug":"11-september-20-vyrocie-svetove-obchodne-centrum-teroristicky-utok-world-trade-center-20-rokov-pentagon-pensylvania-al-kaida-shanksville-pamatniky-let-unos-dejiny-usa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/11-september-20-vyrocie-svetove-obchodne-centrum-teroristicky-utok-world-trade-center-20-rokov-pentagon-pensylvania-al-kaida-shanksville-pamatniky-let-unos-dejiny-usa\/","title":{"rendered":"Uplynie 20 rokov od \u00fatokov z 11. septembra"},"content":{"rendered":"

20 rokov od \u00fatokov militantov<\/h3>\n

V utorok r\u00e1no 11. septembra 2001<\/strong> unieslo 19 militantov z teroristickej islamskej siete al-K\u00e1ida \u0161tyri dopravn\u00e9 lietadl\u00e1. \u00danoscovia boli rozdelen\u00ed do troch skup\u00edn po piatich, v jednej skupine boli \u0161tyria. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 jedna musela ma\u0165 \u00fanoscu, ktor\u00fd absolvoval leteck\u00fd v\u00fdcvik a prevzal tak \u00fapln\u00fa kontrolu nad lietadlom. Dve z nich mali namieren\u00e9 do Svetov\u00e9ho obchodn\u00e9ho centra v\u00a0New Yorku (World Trade Center \u2013 WTC)<\/strong>, tretie zni\u010dilo z\u00e1padn\u00fa stranu Pentag\u00f3nu (s\u00eddlo americk\u00e9ho ministerstva obrany)<\/strong> ne\u010faleko Washingtonu a\u00a0\u0161tvrt\u00e9 sa zr\u00fatilo v\u00a0poli v\u00a0Shanksville (Pensylv\u00e1nia)<\/strong>. K\u00a0zorganizovaniu \u00fatokov sa form\u00e1lne priznal vodca al- K\u00e1idy \u2013 Us\u00e1ma bin L\u00e1din.<\/p>\n

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Svetov\u00e9 obchodn\u00e9 centrum – World Trade Center (WTC)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Za jasn\u00e9ho utorkov\u00e9ho r\u00e1na o 8.45 h. miestneho \u010dasu narazil Boeing 767 spolo\u010dnosti American Airlines<\/strong> do severnej ve\u017ee Svetov\u00e9ho obchodn\u00e9ho centra v New Yorku<\/strong>. Zanechal otvoren\u00fa horiacu dieru v bl\u00edzkosti 80. poschodia<\/strong> 110-poschodov\u00e9ho mrakodrapu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Za\u010dala sa okam\u017eit\u00e1 evaku\u00e1cia ve\u017ee a telev\u00edzie za\u010dali vysiela\u0165 z\u00e1bery ne\u0161\u0165astia, ktor\u00e9 spo\u010diatku vyzeralo ako nehoda. Av\u0161ak o 18 min\u00fat nesk\u00f4r nastal \u010fal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1raz, a to do do ju\u017enej ve\u017ee bl\u00edzko 60.poschodia. <\/strong>V podp\u00e1len\u00fdch budov\u00e1ch boli na horn\u00fdch poschodiach uv\u00e4znen\u00ed \u013eudia a horiace \u00falomky posiali okolit\u00e9 stavby, ale aj cel\u00e9 mesto \u0161ed\u00fdm dymom. Dvoji\u010dky na ikonickom Manhattane\u00a0<\/strong>sa o necel\u00e9 dve hodiny zr\u00fatili v mas\u00edvnych oblakoch prachu. U\u017e nebolo poch\u00fdb, \u017ee Amerika sa stala obe\u0165ou teroristick\u00fdch \u00fatokov.<\/p>\n

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Pentag\u00f3n<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Po\u010das toho ako mili\u00f3ny \u013eud\u00ed sledovali hr\u00f4zostra\u0161n\u00e9 dianie v New Yorku, let American Airlines 77<\/strong> kr\u00fa\u017eil nad centrom Washingtonu D.C. Tretie lietadlo sa zr\u00fatilo na z\u00e1padn\u00fa stranu vojensk\u00e9ho velite\u013estva Pentagon <\/strong>o 9.45 h. <\/strong>P\u00e4\u0165uholn\u00edkov\u00e1 stavba v okrese Virg\u00ednia le\u017e\u00ed ne\u010faleko Washingtonu a sl\u00fa\u017ei ako s\u00eddlo Ministerstva obrany USA.<\/strong> Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v sebe zah\u0155\u0148a v\u0161etky tri vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby – arm\u00e1du, n\u00e1morn\u00edctvo a letectvo. Na symbol americkej vojenskej moci za\u00fato\u010dili teroristi v de\u0148 jeho 60. v\u00fdro\u010dia.<\/strong> \u010cas\u0165 juhoz\u00e1padnej strany budovy bola zni\u010den\u00e1 a zabit\u00fdch bolo 125 vojakov a civilistov <\/strong>(zamestnancov rezortu obrany),\u00a0spolo\u010dne s \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi 64 \u013eu\u010fmi na palube lietadla.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Shanksville, Pensylv\u00e1nia\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Pribli\u017ene 40 min\u00fat po odlete z medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho letiska v New Jersey bol unesen\u00fd let United Airlines 93. <\/strong>I\u0161lo o jedin\u00fd let, ktor\u00fd netrafil svoj zam\u00fd\u0161\u013ean\u00fd cie\u013e. \u0160tvrt\u00e9 lietadlo havarovalo v poli v Pensylv\u00e1nii o 10.03 h. Ke\u010f\u017ee lietadlo \u0161tartovalo s me\u0161kan\u00edm, cestuj\u00faci sa dozvedeli o udalostiach v New Yorku a Washingtone prostredn\u00edctvom mobiln\u00fdch telef\u00f3nov a telefon\u00e1tov na Airfone (r\u00e1diotelef\u00f3nna slu\u017eba vzduch-zem). Teroristi sa sna\u017eili pos\u00e1dku upokoji\u0165 a tvrdili, \u017ee pristan\u00fa na letisku a bud\u00fa vyjedn\u00e1va\u0165. Cestuj\u00faci spolu s letu\u0161kami v\u0161ak \u00fanoscom ned\u00f4verovali a rozhodli sa extr\u00e9mistom postavi\u0165. Pok\u00fasili a z\u00edska\u0165 kontrolu nad lietadlom a odkloni\u0165 let od pl\u00e1novan\u00e9ho cie\u013ea, \u010do sa im aj podarilo. \u017divoty si v\u0161ak u\u017e nezachr\u00e1nili. Na palube zahynulo 44 \u013eud\u00ed.<\/strong> Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee \u00fanoscovia mali v pl\u00e1ne narazi\u0165 do budovy Kapitolu vo Washingtone \u010di Bieleho domu. Obete trag\u00e9die si uctili\u00a0 N\u00e1rodn\u00fdm pam\u00e4tn\u00edkom letu 93 ne\u010faleko Shanksvillu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Takmer 3000 obet\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Dokopy pri\u0161lo o \u017eivot 2977 \u013eud\u00ed, <\/strong>pri\u010dom pribli\u017ene 2750 z nich zahynulo v Svetovom obchodnom centre. Pri prvom kolapse ve\u017e\u00ed bolo m\u0155tvych 343 New Yorsk\u00fdch hasi\u010dov, 23 policajtov a 37 \u00faradn\u00edkov pr\u00edstavu. Obete boli vo veku od dvoch do 85 rokov a asi\u00a0 75-80% tvorili mu\u017ei.<\/p>\n

Tis\u00edcky \u013eud\u00ed utrpeli zranenia alebo sa u nich nesk\u00f4r vyvinuli choroby s\u00favisiace s \u00fatokmi (vr\u00e1tane hasi\u010dov, ktor\u00ed pracovali s toxick\u00fdm odpadom).<\/p>\n

Na mieste padl\u00fdch budov Svetov\u00e9ho obchodn\u00e9ho centra Ground Zero (epicentrum)<\/strong> sa v de\u0148 v\u00fdro\u010dia stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa rodiny obet\u00ed, ale aj t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed \u00fatok pre\u017eili. Uctia si ich min\u00fatou ticha, \u00fadermi zvonov a \u010d\u00edtan\u00edm mien.<\/p>\n Ground Zero (epicentrum) Svetov\u00e9 obchodn\u00e9 centrum Zdroj:pixabay.com\n

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Dejiny USA sa menili za pochodu<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Necel\u00fd mesiac po \u00fatokoch viedol vtedaj\u0161\u00ed prezident George W. Bush inv\u00e1ziu do Afganistanu (oper\u00e1cia Trval\u00e1 sloboda), podporovan\u00fa medzin\u00e1rodnou koal\u00edciou – s cie\u013eom vyhladi\u0165 \u00e1l- K\u00e1idu a dolapi\u0165 Us\u00e1mu bin L\u00e1dina. Av\u0161ak a\u017e v roku 2011 ho americk\u00e9 jednotky lokalizovali a zabili v susednom Pakistane.<\/p>\n

Kongres Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov 18. decembra 2001 schv\u00e1lil pomenovanie 11. septembra na „De\u0148 patriotov“.\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

V rokoch 2001 a\u017e 2004<\/strong> bolo rodin\u00e1m obet\u00ed a 2680 osob\u00e1m zranen\u00fdch pri \u00fatokoch poskytnut\u00e9 od\u0161kodnenie vo v\u00fd\u0161ke viac ako 7 mili\u00e1rd dol\u00e1rov. <\/strong>I\u0161lo o takzvan\u00fd Fond na od\u0161kodnenie obet\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Financovanie bolo obnoven\u00e9 2. janu\u00e1ra 2011, ke\u010f prezident Barack Obama<\/strong> podp\u00edsal z\u00e1kon o zdrav\u00ed a kompenz\u00e1ci\u00e1ch Jamesa Zadrogu 9\/11.<\/strong> Z\u00e1kon je pomenovan\u00fd po Jamesovi Zadrogovi, policajnom d\u00f4stojn\u00edkovi z New Yorku, ktor\u00fd zomrel na respira\u010dn\u00e9 ochorenie. To sa pripisuje jeho \u00fa\u010dasti na z\u00e1chrann\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00e1ch v trosk\u00e1ch Svetov\u00e9ho obchodn\u00e9ho centra. V roku 2019 prezident Donald Trump<\/strong> podp\u00edsal z\u00e1kon, ktor\u00fdm sa povo\u013euje podpora Fondu na kompenz\u00e1ciu obet\u00ed<\/strong> 11. septembra\u00a0do roku 2092.<\/p>\n

Chod letov po celom svete sa spr\u00edsnil a v USA bola vytvoren\u00e1 spr\u00e1va pre bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 dopravy<\/strong>, s cie\u013eom posilni\u0165 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 v lietadl\u00e1ch a na letisk\u00e1ch. Vy\u010distenie Ground Zero<\/strong> (miesta padl\u00fdch Dvoji\u010diek) trvalo viac ako osem mesiacov. One World Trade Center<\/strong> or 1 World Trade Center<\/strong> (niekedy Freedom Tower) je dnes e\u0161te vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mrakodrap (541 m) na Manhattane t\u00fd\u010diaci sa na mieste Ground Zero.<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

Pam\u00e4tn\u00edky obetiam trag\u00e9die<\/h3>\n

Prv\u00e9 pam\u00e4tn\u00edky sa objavili bezprostredne po \u00fatokoch. Na americk\u00fdch ambas\u00e1dach po celom svete sa uskuto\u010dnili svie\u010dkov\u00e9 vig\u00edlie a pocty v podobe kvetov. Na mieste Svetov\u00e9ho obchodn\u00e9ho centra sa zorganizovala s\u00fa\u0165a\u017e s cie\u013eom vybra\u0165 st\u00e1ly pam\u00e4tn\u00edk obetiam trag\u00e9die.<\/strong> V\u00ed\u0165azn\u00fd n\u00e1vrh architekta\u00a0 Michaela Aradu – Reflektuj\u00faca nepr\u00edtomnos\u0165<\/strong>\u00a0 (Reflecting Absence)<\/strong> sa sklad\u00e1 z dvoch pam\u00e4tn\u00fdch font\u00e1n (n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed), po ktor\u00fdch stek\u00e1 voda do \u0161tvorcov\u00e9ho otvoru na dne. Na ich bronzov\u00fdch dosk\u00e1ch s\u00fa zap\u00edsan\u00e9 men\u00e1 obet\u00ed terorizmu. Men\u00e1 s\u00fa zoraden\u00e9 pod\u013ea toho, kde sa jednotlivci po\u010das \u00fatokov nach\u00e1dzali. Na p\u00f4vodnom mieste Svetov\u00e9ho obchodn\u00e9ho centra\u00a0 sa postavil N\u00e1rodn\u00fd pam\u00e4tn\u00edk a M\u00fazeum 11. septembr<\/strong>and (The 9\/11 Memorial & Museum)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Pam\u00e4tn\u00edk obet\u00ed 11.septembra- Reflecting Absence Zdroj: pixabay.com\n

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Zdroj: https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/21st-century\/9-11-attacks<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

20 rokov od \u00fatokov militantov V utorok r\u00e1no 11. septembra 2001 unieslo 19 militantov z teroristickej islamskej siete al-K\u00e1ida \u0161tyri dopravn\u00e9 lietadl\u00e1. \u00danoscovia boli rozdelen\u00ed<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7158","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7158","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7158"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7158\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7158"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7158"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7158"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}