{"id":7170,"date":"2021-09-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-09-16T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/sochy-tiav-zo-saudskej-arabie-su-stare-takmer-8000-rokov\/"},"modified":"2021-09-17T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-09-16T23:00:00","slug":"sochy-tiav-zo-saudskej-arabie-su-stare-takmer-8000-rokov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/sochy-tiav-zo-saudskej-arabie-su-stare-takmer-8000-rokov\/","title":{"rendered":"Sochy tiav zo Saudskej Ar\u00e1bie s\u00fa star\u00e9 viac ako 7000 rokov"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>Najstar\u0161\u00ed zvierac\u00ed reli\u00e9f na svete<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Saudskoarabsk\u00e9 sochy tiav boli prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t objaven\u00e9 vedcami v roku 2018. Spo\u010diatku sa odhadovalo, \u017ee boli vytesan\u00e9 pribli\u017ene pred <strong>2000 rokmi.<\/strong> D\u00f4vodom bola ich podobnos\u0165 s reli\u00e9fmi v starovekom jord\u00e1nskom meste Petra. Vedci, ktor\u00ed stoja za novou \u0161t\u00fadiou publikovanou v \u010dasopise <strong>Journal of Archaeological Science , <\/strong>sa v\u0161ak domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee rezby tiav v \u017eivotnej ve\u013ekosti s\u00fa star\u00e9 <strong>7000 &#8211; 8000 rokov. <\/strong>Nov\u00e1 anal\u00fdza tak<strong> revidovala odhad.<\/strong><\/p>\n pravek\u00e9 rytiny tiav na soch\u00e1ch v Saudskej Ar\u00e1bii zdroj:sk.pinterest.com\n<h3><strong>Star\u0161ie ako pyram\u00eddy v G\u00edze\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Sochy boli vytesan\u00e9 v rokoch <strong>6000 p.n.l &#8211; 5000 p.n.l.<\/strong> (mlad\u0161ia kamenn\u00e1 doba) , ke\u010f bol regi\u00f3n vlhk\u00fd a chladnej\u0161\u00ed. Vyprahnut\u00e9 p\u00fa\u0161te severnej Saudskej Ar\u00e1bie boli v tom \u010dase pastvinou (podobnou savane) s tr\u00e1vnat\u00fdm porastom a roztr\u00fasen\u00fdmi jazerami. Vtedaj\u0161\u00ed obyvatelia na nich p\u00e1sli st\u00e1da hov\u00e4dzieho dobytka, oviec a k\u00f4z. Pr\u00e1ve oni boli zrejme autormi dne\u0161n\u00fdch umeleck\u00fdch diel.<\/p>\n<p>Vedci hodnotili er\u00f3zne vzorce, analyzovali stopy po n\u00e1strojoch a testovali zvieracie kosti n\u00e1jden\u00e9 bl\u00edzko jednotliv\u00fdch stavieb, aby ur\u010dili nov\u00fd d\u00e1tum vzniku s\u00f4ch.<\/p>\n<p class=\"mol-para-with-font\">Sk\u00famali tie\u017e poveternostn\u00e9 podmienky na soch\u00e1ch, ako aj spadnut\u00e9 \u00falomky a hustotu najvrchnej\u0161\u00edch vrstiev horn\u00edn. \u00dadaje potvrdili, \u017ee sochy boli vyroben\u00e9 z kamenn\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov. Sochy s\u00fa teda star\u0161ie ako starovek\u00e9 pamiatky, ak\u00fdmi s\u00fa s\u00fa <strong>egyptsk\u00e9 pyram\u00eddy v G\u00edze<\/strong> (4500 rokov) a <strong>anglick\u00fd monument Stonehenge<\/strong> (5000 rokov). Fig\u00fary zvierat vytvoren\u00e9 v severnej provincii Al-D\u017eauf (Al-Jouf) nezobrazuj\u00fa len \u0165avy, ale aj osla, ko\u0148a \u010di in\u00fdch kopytn\u00edkov.<\/p>\n najstar\u0161\u00ed zvierac\u00ed reli\u00e9f na svete zdroj:sk.pinterest.com\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Vedeck\u00e9 sk\u00famanie s\u00f4ch<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Nie je presne jasn\u00e9, k ak\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010delu boli sochy vytvoren\u00e9. Vedci ale navrhuj\u00fa, \u017ee mohli sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 ako miesto stret\u00e1vania sa ko\u010dovn\u00fdch kme\u0148ov. Takisto si v\u0161imli prepracovanos\u0165 a prec\u00edznos\u0165 stavby tak\u00fdchto diel spred tis\u00edc rokov. Mnoho reli\u00e9fov je vysoko nad zemou, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ich rezb\u00e1ri museli na ich postavenie vyu\u017ei\u0165 nie\u010do podobn\u00e9 dne\u0161n\u00e9mu le\u0161eniu. \u0160t\u00fadiu s\u00f4ch nepraje er\u00f3zia, ktor\u00e1 bola u\u017e do roku 1000 p.n.l. nato\u013eko pokro\u010dil\u00e1, \u017ee sp\u00f4sobovala po\u0161kodenie a opad\u00e1vanie jej \u010dast\u00ed. Pod\u013ea <strong>spr\u00e1v BBC proces er\u00f3zie na\u010falej pretrv\u00e1va. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdskumom sa zaober\u00e1 saudsk\u00e9 ministerstvo kult\u00fary, In\u0161tit\u00fat Maxa Plancka pre vedu \u013eudskej hist\u00f3rie <em>(Max Planck Institute\u00a0for the Science of Human History<\/em> ), Franc\u00fazske n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 centrum pre vedeck\u00fd v\u00fdskum a Univerzita Kinga Sauda.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201eNeolitick\u00e9 komunity sa opakovane vracali na \u0165avie n\u00e1lezisko, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jeho symbolika a funkcia bola zachovan\u00e1 po mnoho gener\u00e1ci\u00ed.\u201c <\/strong>Potvrdila to <strong>Maria Guagninov\u00e1<\/strong>, archeologi\u010dka z Max Planck Institute for Science of Human <em>History,<\/em> ktor\u00e1 nov\u00fd v\u00fdskum viedla. \u0160t\u00fadia bola zverejnen\u00e1 v stredu (15. septembra) v u\u017e uvedenom vedeckom \u010dasopise <strong>Journal of Archaeological Science.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f\u017ee s\u00fa rezby poru\u0161en\u00e9 er\u00f3ziou, ich sk\u00famanie bolo naozaj n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. Okrem sk\u00famania <strong>typu n\u00e1strojov v skale<\/strong> vyu\u017e\u00edvali aj r\u00e1diokarb\u00f3nov\u00e9 datovanie kost\u00ed nach\u00e1dzaj\u00facich sa v pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdch vrstv\u00e1ch horn\u00edn. Vedci tie\u017e zmerali <strong>hustotu p\u00fa\u0161tneho laku na skal\u00e1ch<\/strong> pomocou techniky naz\u00fdvanej prenosn\u00e1 r\u00f6ntgenov\u00e1 fluorescen\u010dn\u00e1 spektrometria.\u00a0P\u00fa\u0161tny lak je miner\u00e1lny povlak, ktor\u00fd sa \u010dasom vytv\u00e1ra na p\u00fa\u0161tnych skal\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Posledn\u00fdm krokom bolo pou\u017eitie <strong>luminiscen\u010dn\u00e9ho datovania fragmentov<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 spadli zo skalnej steny. Potrebn\u00e9 bolo na ur\u010denie \u010dasu, kedy tieto fragmenty spadli. T\u00e1to met\u00f3da meria mno\u017estvo prirodzene sa vyskytuj\u00faceho \u017eiarenia v hornin\u00e1ch. M\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e odhali\u0165, kedy bola hornina prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t vystaven\u00e1 slne\u010dn\u00e9mu \u017eiareniu, pr\u00edpadne intenz\u00edvnemu teplu a ako dlho od tej doby vstreb\u00e1vala \u017eiarenie zo slnka.<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>Sochy tiav nie s\u00fa jedin\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p>Zaradenie s\u00f4ch do doby kamennej (neolitu) ich automaticky sp\u00e1ja s \u010fal\u0161\u00edm skaln\u00fdm umen\u00edm pastierov v severnej Ar\u00e1bii. Ide o ve\u013ek\u00e9 kamenn\u00e9 pomn\u00edky naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 <strong>mustatil<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa vyroben\u00e9 z pieskovcov\u00fdch m\u00farov obklopuj\u00facich n\u00e1dvorie s kamennou plo\u0161inou na jednom konci.<\/p>\n<p>Uviedli tak vedci na vedeckom spravodajskom webe <strong>livescience.com<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"mol-para-with-font\">Podobn\u00e9 rytiny trojrozmern\u00fdch reli\u00e9fov na povrchu kamenn\u00fdch \u00fatvarov mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 v niektor\u00fdch \u010dastiach Turecka, v Saudskej Ar\u00e1bii s\u00fa v\u0161ak zriedkav\u00e9. Vedci sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee i\u0161lo pravdepodobne o spolo\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasilie, mo\u017eno s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00fdch stretnut\u00ed vtedaj\u0161\u00edch komun\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p class=\"mol-para-with-font\">Rekon\u0161trukcie s\u00f4ch a procesy zvetr\u00e1vania na mieste nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee po\u010das dlh\u0161ieho obdobia boli rytiny znova vyryt\u00e9 a nanovo tvarovan\u00e9.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"jc9P1he5rp\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unitedlife.sk\/umenie-prve-umelecke-diela-sveta-ktore-je-najstarsie\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Umenie: Prv\u00e9 umeleck\u00e9 diela sveta, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa najstar\u0161ie?<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Umenie: Prv\u00e9 umeleck\u00e9 diela sveta, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa najstar\u0161ie?&#8221; &#8212; UnitedLife\" src=\"https:\/\/www.unitedlife.sk\/umenie-prve-umelecke-diela-sveta-ktore-je-najstarsie\/embed\/#?secret=4OQanHiOLQ#?secret=jc9P1he5rp\" data-secret=\"jc9P1he5rp\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <strong>www.bbc.com\/news<\/strong> ,\u00a0 <strong>www.arabnews.com<\/strong>,\u00a0 <strong>www.dailymail.co.u , www.unitedlife.sk<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Najstar\u0161\u00ed zvierac\u00ed reli\u00e9f na svete Saudskoarabsk\u00e9 sochy tiav boli prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t objaven\u00e9 vedcami v roku 2018. Spo\u010diatku sa odhadovalo, \u017ee boli vytesan\u00e9 pribli\u017ene pred 2000 rokmi.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7170","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7170","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7170"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7170\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7170"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7170"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7170"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}