{"id":7195,"date":"2021-09-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-09-24T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/ako-funguje-karma-a-karmicke-tresty\/"},"modified":"2021-09-25T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-09-24T23:00:00","slug":"ako-funguje-karma-a-karmicke-tresty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/ako-funguje-karma-a-karmicke-tresty\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako funguje karma a karmick\u00e9 tresty?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Ako funguje karma a karmick\u00e9 tresty?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Hinduistick\u00fd z\u00e1kon karmy<\/strong> tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee na\u0161e \u010diny maj\u00fa <strong>mor\u00e1lne d\u00f4sledky<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1s ovplyvnia bu\u010f v tomto \u017eivote, alebo v reinkarnovanom \u017eivote. Obrazec, ktor\u00fdm si m\u00f4\u017eeme pribl\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 tento hinduistick\u00fd pojem, je, \u017ee n\u00e1s sleduje nevidite\u013en\u00fd najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed sudca a zhodnocuje na\u0161e dobr\u00e9 a zl\u00e9 skutky. Potom n\u00e1s primerane <strong>odmen\u00ed alebo potrest\u00e1<\/strong>, ako to \u010das dovol\u00ed, a ak v tomto \u017eivote vypr\u0161\u00ed \u010das, odnesieme si odmeny a tresty do \u010fal\u0161ieho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n<p>Buddha odmietol tento konkr\u00e9tny obraz doktr\u00edny karmy. Pod\u013ea neho neexistuj\u00fa \u017eiadne z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy s na\u0161imi menami. Buddha v\u0161ak \u00faplne neodmieta pojem karma, ale namiesto toho mu d\u00e1va pozemsky podlo\u017een\u00fa interpret\u00e1ciu. Buddhove videnie karmy je nasledovn\u00e9: <strong>v\u0161etky udalosti, ktor\u00e9 sa dej\u00fa, s\u00fa v\u00fdsledkom presn\u00fdch pr\u00ed\u010dinn\u00fdch re\u0165azcov udalost\u00ed<\/strong>. Ke\u010f sp\u00e4tne vystopujem s\u00e9riu pr\u00ed\u010din akejko\u013evek danej ne\u0161\u0165astnej udalosti, zist\u00edm, \u017ee to pr\u00ed\u010dinne spo\u010d\u00edva v mojej t\u00fa\u017ebe, a v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku na neopodstatnenom koncepte m\u00f4jho vedom\u00e9ho ja. Tento pojem kauz\u00e1lnej prepojenosti sa naz\u00fdva <strong>doktr\u00edna z\u00e1visl\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu.<\/strong><br \/>\nV dial\u00f3gu v P\u00e1lijskom k\u00e1none jeden z Buddhov\u00fdch nasledovn\u00edkov tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee m\u00e1 \u00faplne jasn\u00fa koncepciu doktr\u00edny &#8222;z\u00e1visl\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1visl\u00fd p\u00f4vod sa zd\u00e1 by\u0165 komplikovan\u00fd a skuto\u010dne zlo\u017eit\u00fd. V\u010faka nepochopeniu a prieniku tejto doktr\u00edny je \u013eudstvo v tomto zmysle ako uv\u00e4znen\u00e1 sie\u0165.<strong> Nedok\u00e1\u017ee sa odp\u00fata\u0165 od trestu, utrpenia<\/strong>, ni\u010denia a znovuzrodenia.<br \/>\nV z\u00e1vere Buddha nazna\u010duje, \u017ee nespr\u00e1vne predstavy o treste s\u00fa sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 t\u00fdm, \u017ee nedok\u00e1\u017eeme pochopi\u0165 skuto\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00ed\u010dinn\u00e9 s\u00favislosti.<\/p>\n<p>Zoberme si <strong>pr\u00edklad, \u017ee sa m\u00f4j priate\u013e zran\u00ed pri automobilovej nehode kr\u00e1tko potom, \u010do sme sa navz\u00e1jom nav\u0161t\u00edvili.<\/strong> Potom by som sa mohol c\u00edti\u0165 \u010diasto\u010dne zodpovedn\u00fd za nehodu, preto\u017ee na\u0161a n\u00e1v\u0161teva trvala pr\u00edli\u0161 dlho, \u010do ho zaradilo v zlom \u010dase na nespr\u00e1vne miesto. Potom by som mohol o\u010dak\u00e1va\u0165, \u017ee za svoju \u00falohu dostanem nejak\u00fd karmick\u00fd trest. Mali by sme teda ma\u0165 realistickej\u0161\u00ed poh\u013ead na svoju zodpovednos\u0165 a lep\u0161ie porozumie\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdm pr\u00ed\u010dinn\u00fdm sil\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 pri nehode p\u00f4sobia, najm\u00e4 du\u0161evn\u00fdm stavom z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00fdch os\u00f4b a dlh\u00e9mu radu smutn\u00fdch n\u00e1sledkov, ktor\u00e9 z nehody vypl\u00fdvaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>Z prv\u00fdch dvoch vzne\u0161en\u00fdch pr\u00e1vd vieme, \u017ee <strong>t\u00fa\u017eba je kone\u010dnou pr\u00ed\u010dinou utrpenia<\/strong>. Pod\u013ea Budhu n\u00e1m doktr\u00edna z\u00e1visl\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu umo\u017e\u0148uje ve\u013emi presne vysvetli\u0165 spojovacie v\u00e4zby medzi t\u00fa\u017ebou a utrpen\u00edm. Buddha sa zameriava na utrpenie s\u00favisiace so starobou a smr\u0165ou a sleduje ich sp\u00e4\u0165 k ich p\u00f4vodn\u00fdm zdrojom:<\/p>\n<p>Ak sa p\u00fdtame, \u010di staroba a smr\u0165 od nie\u010doho z\u00e1visia, odpove\u010f by mala by\u0165, \u017ee staroba a smr\u0165 z\u00e1visia od narodenia. . . . narodenie z\u00e1vis\u00ed od existencie. . . existencia z\u00e1vis\u00ed od prip\u00fatanosti. . . prip\u00fatanos\u0165 z\u00e1vis\u00ed od t\u00fa\u017eby. . . t\u00fa\u017eba z\u00e1vis\u00ed od pocitu. . . senz\u00e1cia z\u00e1vis\u00ed od kontaktu. . . kontakt z\u00e1vis\u00ed od psychick\u00fdch a fyzick\u00fdch javov. . . fyzick\u00e9 javy z\u00e1visia od vedomia.<br \/>\n<strong>\u013dudsk\u00e9 vedomie potom od\u0161tartuje cel\u00fd rad pr\u00ed\u010dinn\u00fdch udalost\u00ed,<\/strong> ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa za n\u00e1sledok utrpenie zo staroby a zo smrti.<br \/>\nAby sme mohli rie\u0161i\u0165 probl\u00e9m v jeho zdroji, mali by sme si podmani\u0165 svoje vedomie, a to je posolstvo tretej u\u0161\u013eachtilej pravdy &#8211; <strong>uhasi\u0165 v\u0161etku t\u00fa\u017ebu prostredn\u00edctvom nirv\u00e1ny.<\/strong><\/p>\n Ilustra\u010dn\u00e1 fotografia (medituj\u00faci budhista)\n<p><strong>Theravada a Mahayana<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Okolo roku 100 n.l. sa <strong>budhizmus rozdelil na dva hlavn\u00e9 pr\u00fady<\/strong> &#8211; Theravada a Mahayana. Zatia\u013e \u010do sa Theravadisti dr\u017eali u\u010denia Paliho k\u00e1nonu, Mahayanisti tvrdili, \u017ee pokro\u010dilej\u0161ie Buddhovo u\u010denie bolo pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00e9 \u00fastne a v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku zaznamenan\u00e9 v neskor\u0161\u00edch textoch Mahayany. Be\u017enou t\u00e9mou t\u00fdchto nov\u00fdch mah\u00e1j\u00e1nskych diel je pojem pr\u00e1zdnoty a n\u00e1zor, \u017ee v\u0161etka realita postr\u00e1da rozpoznate\u013en\u00fd obsah alebo popis.<\/p>\n<p>Metafora pr\u00e1zdnoty predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee existuje nie\u010do ako n\u00e1doba, v ktorej ni\u010d nie je. V tomto pr\u00edpade je na n\u00e1dobe \u0161t\u00edtok s n\u00e1pisom \u201erealita\u201c. Je v\u0161ak n\u00e1doba doslova pr\u00e1zdna v tom zmysle, \u017ee v nej v\u00f4bec ni\u010d neexistuje? Jedna vec je poveda\u0165, \u017ee realita nie je tak\u00e1, ako sa p\u00f4vodne zd\u00e1, a druh\u00e1 je jednoducho poveda\u0165, \u017ee ni\u010d neexistuje. Pointa metafory pojedn\u00e1va o tom, \u017ee ke\u010f sa pozrieme dovn\u00fatra n\u00e1doby, zist\u00edme, \u017ee nem\u00e1 \u017eiadne rozl\u00ed\u0161ite\u013en\u00e9 \u010dasti alebo vlastnosti, ktor\u00e9 definuj\u00fa jej skuto\u010dn\u00fa povahu. Na v\u0161etky praktick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely je teda pr\u00e1zdna, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa v nej st\u00e1le nach\u00e1dza nejak\u00e1 neidentifikovate\u013en\u00e1 vec.<\/p>\n<p>Jeden anonymne nap\u00edsan\u00fd text Mahayany, Srdcov\u00e1 s\u00fatra, pos\u00fava pojem pr\u00e1zdnoty do extr\u00e9mu. Nech\u00e1me na v\u00e1s <strong>ak\u00fd n\u00e1zor si na t\u00fato &#8222;vyhroten\u00fa&#8220; vetvu n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva urob\u00edte. \ud83d\ude42<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Te\u00f3ria sa za\u010d\u00edna sa t\u00fdm, \u017ee v\u0161etko o na\u0161ich identit\u00e1ch a be\u017enom svete, v ktorom \u017eijeme, je pr\u00e1zdne a nem\u00e1 \u017eiadny skuto\u010dn\u00fd obsah. <strong>Autor v\u0161ak pokra\u010duje v radik\u00e1lnej\u0161om tvrden\u00ed,<\/strong> \u017ee aj \u0161tyri vzne\u0161en\u00e9 pravdy a nirv\u00e1na s\u00fa pr\u00e1zdne.\u00a0Nedoch\u00e1dza k \u00fapadku a smrti, ani k ni\u010deniu rozkladu a smrti. Neexistuje boles\u0165, p\u00f4vod bolesti, odstr\u00e1nenie bolesti ani cesta k nej.<\/p>\n<p>Vo v\u00fdchodnej filozofii, sa tak ako na celom svete, jednotliv\u00e9 filozofick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 pr\u00fady delia na mno\u017estvo pr\u00fadov. Je u\u017e na n\u00e1s, \u010do si z nich zoberieme, a ktor\u00fdmi sa nech\u00e1me in\u0161pirova\u0165. Ka\u017edop\u00e1dne je v\u017edy v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9 si roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 obraz a preh\u013abi\u0165 inform\u00e1cie o \u013eudskej existencii.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ako funguje karma a karmick\u00e9 tresty? Hinduistick\u00fd z\u00e1kon karmy tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee na\u0161e \u010diny maj\u00fa mor\u00e1lne d\u00f4sledky, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1s ovplyvnia bu\u010f v tomto \u017eivote, alebo v<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7195","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7195","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7195"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7195\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7195"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7195"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7195"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}