Zlo\u010dinci, krimin\u00e1lnici, podvodn\u00edci. Nech t\u00fdchto \u013eud\u00ed nazveme ako chceme, pokia\u013e s\u00fad vynesie rozsudok, trest si musia odpyka\u0165 vo v\u00e4zen\u00ed. P\u00f4vodn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delom zadr\u017eania\u00a0 nebolo iba potrestanie. I\u0161lo o sp\u00f4sob ako zadr\u017ea\u0165 p\u00e1chate\u013ea zlo\u010dinu, k\u00fdm sa nerozhodne o\u00a0sp\u00f4sobe jeho potrestania.<\/strong> Obvykle to bolo vo forme telesn\u00fdch trestov, ktor\u00e9 mali vinn\u00edkovi sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 boles\u0165. Najhor\u0161ie neboli v\u00e4znice, ale tresty, napr\u00edklad bitie bi\u010dom, alebo trest smrti, ktor\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edval r\u00f4zne met\u00f3dy na usmrtenie ods\u00faden\u00fdch os\u00f4b.<\/p>\n Anglick\u00fd etik, Jeremy Bentham<\/strong>,<\/strong> vytvoril koncept v\u00e4zenia, ktor\u00e9 by sl\u00fa\u017eilo na zadr\u017eiavanie v\u00e4z\u0148ov – pobyt by sa stal ich trestom. Bentham vypracoval pl\u00e1ny na zariadenie, v ktorom by v\u00e4zni zostali dlh\u0161\u00ed \u010das. Jeho n\u00e1vrh mal zaisti\u0165, aby trestanci nikdy nevedeli \u010di str\u00e1\u017ecovia sleduj\u00fa. Preto\u017ee si v\u00e4zni nemohli by\u0165 ist\u00ed, ko\u013eko str\u00e1\u017ecov bolo pr\u00edtomn\u00fdch, Bentham us\u00fadil, \u017ee na udr\u017eanie mieru bude potrebn\u00e9 naja\u0165 menej d\u00f4stojn\u00edkov. Nakoniec jeho pl\u00e1ny nevy\u0161li, ale koncept vyu\u017e\u00edvania v\u00e4zn\u00edc ako formy dlhodob\u00e9ho trestu sa uchytil.<\/p>\n V\u00e4zni boli \u010dasto n\u00faten\u00ed vykon\u00e1va\u0165 \u0165a\u017ek\u00fa pr\u00e1cu a \u017ei\u0165 vo ve\u013emi drsn\u00fdch podmienkach. Ve\u013ea \u013eud\u00ed malo pocit, \u017ee strach z od\u0148atia slobody bude sta\u010di\u0165 na to, aby v\u00e4z\u0148a odradil od opakovan\u00e9ho sp\u00e1chania \u010dinu.<\/strong> In\u00e9 te\u00f3rie tvrdili, \u017ee by mali by\u0165 zaveden\u00e9 met\u00f3dy, ktor\u00e9 pom\u00f4\u017eu reformova\u0165 v\u00e4z\u0148ov predt\u00fdm, ako bud\u00fa prepusten\u00ed.<\/p>\n Krajiny Latinskej Ameriky a Karibiku za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00facu vysok\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 n\u00e1silia u\u017e nieko\u013eko desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed. Za posledn\u00fdch 15 rokov sa po\u010det vr\u00e1\u017ed pohyboval okolo 24 pr\u00edpadov na 100 tis\u00edc obyvate\u013eov.<\/strong> Napriek katastrof\u00e1lnemu stavu v\u00e4zn\u00edc, krimin\u00e1lna \u010dinnos\u0165 pr\u00edli\u0161 neustupuje. V\u00e4znice maj\u00fa r\u00f4znu \u00farove\u0148 nebezpe\u010denstva. V\u00e4zenie Tucumbu v\u00a0Paraguaji<\/strong> je rozdelen\u00e9 na tri z\u00f3ny<\/strong>. Prv\u00e1 je veden\u00e1 katol\u00edckou cirkvou, ktor\u00e1 je relat\u00edvne bezpe\u010dnou a norm\u00e1lnou \u010das\u0165ou. Ods\u00faden\u00ed v nej m\u00f4\u017eu zosta\u0165, ak s\u00fahlasia s dodr\u017eiavan\u00edm 50 pravidiel stanoven\u00fdch cirkvou. Posledn\u00fdm strediskom je \u201epodnikate\u013esk\u00e1 z\u00f3na\u201c – v\u00e4zni naplno pracuj\u00fa v podnikoch, ako s\u00fa re\u0161taur\u00e1cie, holi\u010dstvo a pr\u00e1\u010dov\u0148a.<\/p>\n N\u00e1silie n\u00fati \u013eud\u00ed stiahnu\u0165 sa a vyh\u00fdba\u0165 sa verejn\u00fdm priestorom, \u010d\u00edm sa oslabuj\u00fa medzi\u013eudsk\u00e9 a soci\u00e1lne v\u00e4zby, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa komunity. zdroj: unsplash.com\n Ke\u010f\u017ee Braz\u00edlia m\u00e1 \u0161tvrt\u00fa najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu v\u00e4zensk\u00fa popul\u00e1ciu na svete, nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa sa tu v\u00e4znice s pr\u00edvlastkom najhor\u0161ie. Krajina sa sna\u017e\u00ed mierni\u0165 probl\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa zle vycvi\u010den\u00fdch str\u00e1\u017ecov a nap\u00e4t\u00fa rivalitu medzi konkuren\u010dn\u00fdmi drogov\u00fdmi gangmi.<\/strong> Viacero v\u00e4zn\u00edc pravidelne za\u017e\u00edva bitky s\u00faperiacich skup\u00edn. V\u00e4zenie vo vidieckom meste Itapaje<\/strong>, m\u00e1 kapacitu 25 \u013eud\u00ed. V roku 2018 nastala bitka, pri\u010dom na jednom mieste bolo vtesnan\u00fdch 113 v\u00e4z\u0148ov. N\u00e1siln\u00fd \u010din po sebe zanechal 10 m\u0155tvych<\/strong> a\u00a0v\u00a0\u010fal\u0161\u00edch troch v\u00e4zniciach do\u0161lo k\u00a0hromadn\u00fdm \u00fatekom.<\/p>\n V\u00e4znica El Rodeo v meste Guatire<\/strong> vo Venezuele je najhor\u0161\u00edm miestom pre v\u00e4z\u0148ov v tejto krajine. Toto zariadenie s maxim\u00e1lnym stup\u0148om str\u00e1\u017eenia pojme pribli\u017ene 50 000<\/strong> v\u00e4z\u0148ov. V roku 2011 vypukla obrovsk\u00e1 vojna gangov, ktor\u00e1 si vy\u017eiadala pomoc ozbrojen\u00fdch s\u00edl.<\/p>\n San Juan de Lurigancho<\/strong> sa nach\u00e1dza v peru\u00e1nskej Lime a je zn\u00e1me ako naj\u0165a\u017e\u0161ie v\u00e4zenie v Ju\u017enej Amerike. V\u00e4znica bola skon\u0161truovan\u00e1 pre 2500 ods\u00faden\u00fdch, no nach\u00e1dza sa ich tam podstatne viac. Nedbanliv\u00fd pr\u00edstup vedie\u00a0 k vysok\u00e9mu v\u00fdskytu obchodovania s drogami, bitiek a vr\u00e1\u017ed.<\/p>\n Diametr\u00e1lne odli\u0161n\u00e9 podmienky prevl\u00e1daj\u00fa v\u00a0seversk\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch. Dreven\u00e9 chatr\u010de, pripom\u00ednaj\u00face ubytov\u0148u, sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v pevnosti Suomenlinna<\/strong> (Helsinki). Ide o\u00a0formu otvoren\u00e9ho v\u00e4zenia<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 je jedn\u00fdm z\u00a0trin\u00e1stich v\u00a0celom F\u00ednsku. Takzvan\u00e1 \u201epracovn\u00e1 kol\u00f3nia\u201c funguje od roku 1973<\/strong> a\u00a0m\u00f4\u017ee prija\u0165 95 v\u00e4z\u0148ov. Jednol\u00f4\u017ekov\u00e9 a jednopodla\u017en\u00e9 ubytovacie jednotky maj\u00fa spolo\u010dn\u00fa kuchy\u0148u, toalety, sprchy a sauny. V sal\u00f3niku dominuj\u00fa obrovsk\u00e9 telev\u00edzory s plochou obrazovkou a v bl\u00edzkosti tich\u00e9ho rybn\u00edka je pr\u00edstre\u0161ok na grilovanie.<\/p>\n Suomenlinna je zap\u00edsan\u00e1 v UNESCO a jednou z najnav\u0161tevovanej\u0161\u00edch f\u00ednskych turistick\u00fdch destin\u00e1ci\u00ed. zdroj: pinterest.com\n „Hlavnou my\u0161lienkou je pripravi\u0165 v\u00e4z\u0148ov na vstup do spolo\u010dnosti. Nem\u00e1 zmysel by\u0165 napr\u00edklad v uzavretom v\u00e4zen\u00ed na \u0161es\u0165 rokov a odrazu vst\u00fapi\u0165 do civilu. Pon\u00fakame tie\u017e rehabilit\u00e1ciu pre \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed mali probl\u00e9my s\u00favisiace s alkoholom, drogami alebo du\u0161evn\u00fdmi chorobami. Pobyt tu nie je tak\u00fd \u013eahk\u00fd ako sa na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead m\u00f4\u017ee zda\u0165,\u201c<\/strong> tvrd\u00ed Tapio Iinatti<\/strong>, riadite\u013e v\u00e4znice.<\/p>\n \u0160v\u00e9dsky syst\u00e9m<\/strong> sa predov\u0161etk\u00fdm zameriava na rehabilit\u00e1ciu v\u00e4z\u0148ov. Rehabilita\u010dn\u00e1 met\u00f3da sa dosahuje t\u00fdm, \u017ee sa v\u00e4z\u0148om poskytne dostato\u010dn\u00fd pr\u00edstup do kni\u017enice a k univerzitn\u00fdm kurzom. U\u010d\u0148ovsk\u00e9 hodiny im pom\u00f4\u017eu osvoji\u0165 si r\u00f4zne zru\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n Otvoren\u00e9 v\u00e4znice sa ukazuj\u00fa ako dobr\u00fd po\u010din oproti syst\u00e9mu v Ju\u017enej Amerike. Po\u010det \u0161v\u00e9dskych v\u00e4z\u0148ov zn\u00ed\u017eil z 5 722 na 4 500 a minul\u00fd rok boli \u0161tyri v\u00e4znice zatvoren\u00e9 kv\u00f4li nenaplnenej kapacite. \u0160v\u00e9dsko m\u00e1 dokonca najmen\u0161\u00ed po\u010det p\u00e1chate\u013eov trestn\u00fdch \u010dinov v celej Eur\u00f3pe,<\/strong> iba 16%.<\/p>\n Sources:<\/strong> www.crimemuseum.org, www.kickassfacts.com, latimes.com, thehorizonsun.com<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Za\u010diatky vyu\u017e\u00edvania v\u00e4zn\u00edc Zlo\u010dinci, krimin\u00e1lnici, podvodn\u00edci. Nech t\u00fdchto \u013eud\u00ed nazveme ako chceme, pokia\u013e s\u00fad vynesie rozsudok, trest si musia odpyka\u0165 vo v\u00e4zen\u00ed. P\u00f4vodn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delom zadr\u017eania\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7203","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7203","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7203"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7203\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7203"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7203"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7203"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Najhor\u0161ie v\u00e4znice v Ju\u017enej Amerike<\/h3>\n
\u0160kandin\u00e1vske otvoren\u00e9 v\u00e4znice<\/h3>\n