{"id":7206,"date":"2021-09-30T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-09-29T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/satelit-landsat-pomaha-skumat-zem\/"},"modified":"2021-09-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-09-29T23:00:00","slug":"satelit-landsat-pomaha-skumat-zem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/satelit-landsat-pomaha-skumat-zem\/","title":{"rendered":"Satelit Landsat pom\u00e1ha sk\u00fama\u0165 Zem u\u017e takmer polstoro\u010die"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>\u00dadaje, ktor\u00e9 napr\u00e1vaj\u00fa svet<\/h3>\n<p>Tento<strong> spolo\u010dn\u00fd program NASA\/<\/strong><strong>USGS<\/strong> (United States Geological Survey) poskytuje najdlh\u0161\u00ed nepretr\u017eit\u00fd vesm\u00edrny z\u00e1znam prebiehaj\u00facich zmien na na\u0161ej plan\u00e9te. Satelity Landsat poskytuj\u00fa ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 pom\u00f4\u017eu spr\u00e1vcom pozemkov a politikom lep\u0161ie nazera\u0165 na zaobch\u00e1dzanie s\u00a0na\u0161imi zdrojmi.<\/p>\n<p>Snahy o obnovu mizn\u00facej fauny a fl\u00f3ry vidieckej krajiny naberaj\u00fa na obr\u00e1tkach u\u017e viac ako desa\u0165 rokov. Neexistuje ale ve\u013ea \u00fadajov, ktor\u00e9 by dokazovali ak\u00e9 \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9 s\u00fa r\u00f4zne opatrenia. T\u00edm vedcov teraz preuk\u00e1zal, \u017ee <strong>merania pomocou dia\u013ekov\u00e9ho sn\u00edmania v\u010faka syst\u00e9mu Landsat<\/strong> m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 pos\u00fadi\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 r\u00f4znych z\u00e1sahov pri obnove.<\/p>\n Hurik\u00e1n Ida zanechal po sebe ve\u013ea \u0161k\u00f4d, napr\u00edklad vypustenie oleja do Mexick\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu. Zdroj: USGS\/NASA Landsat\n<p>Historick\u00e9 \u00fadaje spolo\u010dnosti Landsat pon\u00fakaj\u00fa sp\u00f4sob ako sa vr\u00e1ti\u0165 v \u010dase a sledova\u0165 priebeh ka\u017edej iniciat\u00edvy. T\u00edm vedcov sa potom zameriava na <strong>tri z\u00e1sahov\u00e9 techniky:<\/strong> o\u017eivenie p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch druhov rastl\u00edn, premiest\u0148ovanie dobytka a kombin\u00e1cia oboch. Obnova po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej krajiny plan\u00e9ty m\u00e1 environment\u00e1lne aj soci\u00e1lne dopady. Uzdravuj\u00face ekosyst\u00e9my poskytuj\u00fa \u013eu\u010fom mnoh\u00e9 v\u00fdhody, ako napr\u00edklad zv\u00fd\u0161enie potravinovej a vodnej bezpe\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<h3>Najnov\u0161\u00ed satelit \u2013 Landsat 9<\/h3>\n<p>Misia satelitov Landsat trv\u00e1 <strong>od roku 1972 do s\u00fa\u010dasnosti. \u201eZostavili sme \u00fa\u017easn\u00fa hist\u00f3riu toho, ako sa plan\u00e9ta za posledn\u00e9 polstoro\u010die zmenila,\u201c <\/strong>vysvet\u013euje doktor <strong>Jeff Masek<\/strong>, vedec projektu Landsat 9 z NASA. Od roku 1982 a syst\u00e9mu Landsat-4 je satelit schopn\u00fd rozli\u0161ova\u0165 zemsk\u00fd povrch s\u00a0pribl\u00ed\u017een\u00edm na 30 metrov. Hoci plan\u00e9tu Zem \u010fal\u0161ie kozmick\u00e9 jednotky, v\u00a0r\u00e1mci dlhovekosti je Landsat na prvom mieste. Takisto s\u00fa ich \u00fadaje bezplatn\u00e9 a\u00a0vo\u013ene dostupn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Posledn\u00fdm pr\u00edrastkom je<strong> Landsat 9, ktor\u00fd zo z\u00e1kladne vy\u0161tartoval 27. septembra.<\/strong> Jeho d\u00e1ta sa poskytn\u00fa svetov\u00fdm vl\u00e1dam a organiz\u00e1ci\u00e1m na overenie n\u00e1rokov na ochranu \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia a skladovanie uhl\u00edka. Glob\u00e1lne sa sleduj\u00fa aj zmeny podmorsk\u00fdch \u00fatesov. Program zaznamen\u00e1va<strong> zmeny na 98% \u013eadovcov<\/strong> a Landsat 9 ich bude na\u010falej monitorova\u0165 aj v bud\u00facnosti. \u00dadaje sa pravidelne pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa aj ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 Medzin\u00e1rodnej charty katastrof a mapuj\u00fa d\u00f4sledky na ochranu obyvate\u013eov v bud\u00facnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Raketa Atlas satelit vypustila vo v\u00fd\u0161ke necel\u00fdch 680 km. To vy\u017eaduje, aby Landsat 9 pou\u017eil vlastn\u00e9 trysky na v\u00fdstup do pozorovacej v\u00fd\u0161ky, ktor\u00e1 je pribli\u017ene 700 km.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Atlas V launches Landsat 9\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mzl8-IzUMYo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Ako ve\u013emi s\u00fa Landsat satelity prospe\u0161n\u00e9?<\/h3>\n<p>Ke\u010f\u017ee americk\u00e9 aj eur\u00f3pske syst\u00e9my s\u00fa n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 na v\u00fdstavbu a prev\u00e1dzku (n\u00e1klady na postavenie zatia\u013e posledn\u00e9ho modelu dosiahli takmer miliardu dol\u00e1rov), niektor\u00fdch to viedlo k spochybneniu hodnoty t\u00fdchto programov. Je to p\u00e1dna obava, preto\u017ee komer\u010dn\u00e9 satelity stoja \u201elen\u201c nieko\u013eko mili\u00f3nov dol\u00e1rov. Proti tomuto n\u00e1zoru sa stavia Dr. <strong>Karen St. Germain<\/strong>: <strong>\u201eSatelity komer\u010dn\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa urobi\u0165 viac, no nie s\u00fa n\u00e1hradou za druhy pozorovan\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 rob\u00edme s Landsatom. Napr\u00edklad, komer\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my m\u00f4\u017eu pozorova\u0165 \u010dastej\u0161ie, ale nedodr\u017eiavaj\u00fa v\u0161etky vlnov\u00e9 d\u013a\u017eky, ktor\u00e9 potrebujeme na pr\u00e1cu.\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Satelit Landsat <strong>meria odrazen\u00e9 svetlo vo vidite\u013en\u00fdch a infra\u010derven\u00fdch vlnov\u00fdch d\u013a\u017ekach.<\/strong> Preto\u017ee zdrav\u00e9 rastliny odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa m\u00e1lo vidite\u013en\u00e9ho a ve\u013ea infra\u010derven\u00e9ho svetla, meranie oboch typov svetla s\u00fa\u010dasne d\u00e1va vedcom sp\u00f4sob ako zhodnoti\u0165 zdravie rastl\u00edn a hustotu v krajine. Merania s\u00fa dostato\u010dne podrobn\u00e9, pri\u010dom st\u00e1le pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa \u0161irok\u00fa oblas\u0165, tak\u017ee ekol\u00f3govia m\u00f4\u017eu v region\u00e1lnom meradle roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 svoje interpret\u00e1cie miestnych udalost\u00ed a procesov. Pr\u00edkladom m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 premorenie hmyzu v konkr\u00e9tnom lese. Pom\u00e1ha im to pos\u00fadi\u0165 zdravie v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n L\u00e1va vypa\u013euje cestu naprie\u010d ostrovom La Palma. Zdroj: USGS\/NASA Landsat\n<p>Preto\u017ee \u00fadaje Landsat s\u00fa presne mapovan\u00e9 k referen\u010dn\u00fdm bodom na zemi a prisp\u00f4soben\u00e9 topografick\u00e9mu reli\u00e9fu, je mo\u017en\u00e9 ich prep\u00e1ja\u0165 s in\u00fdmi s\u00fabormi a modelmi geografick\u00fdch \u00fadajov. Ide o\u00a0sp\u00f4sob, v\u010faka ktor\u00e9mu sa komplexnej\u0161ie sk\u00famaj\u00fa \u0161t\u00fadie ekosyst\u00e9mov a biodiverzity v priestore a \u010dase.<\/p>\n<p>Zemsk\u00fd povrch pokr\u00fdva pribli\u017ene 150 mili\u00f3nov kilometrov \u0161tvorcov\u00fdch &#8211; asi 30% zemsk\u00e9ho povrchu.<strong> \u013dudia zaberaj\u00fa<\/strong> alebo inak pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa zhruba<strong> 80% povrchu zeme<\/strong>, 40% je po\u013enohospod\u00e1rsky premenen\u00fdch. Celosvetov\u00e1 popul\u00e1cia dosiahla v roku 2011 7 mili\u00e1rd a predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee do roku 2050 sa zv\u00fd\u0161i na 9 mili\u00e1rd. Na zabezpe\u010denie a ochranu rast\u00facej popul\u00e1cie plan\u00e9ty boli potrebn\u00e9 <strong>rozsiahle a intenz\u00edvne \u00fapravy krajiny.<\/strong> T\u00fdmito aktivitami v\u0161ak \u013eudstvo prispieva k zhor\u0161eniu plan\u00e9ty.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zdroje: www.landsat.visibleearth.nasa.gov,\u00a0 www.landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov, www.bbc.com<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00dadaje, ktor\u00e9 napr\u00e1vaj\u00fa svet Tento spolo\u010dn\u00fd program NASA\/USGS (United States Geological Survey) poskytuje najdlh\u0161\u00ed nepretr\u017eit\u00fd vesm\u00edrny z\u00e1znam prebiehaj\u00facich zmien na na\u0161ej plan\u00e9te. Satelity Landsat poskytuj\u00fa<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7206","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7206","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7206"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7206\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7206"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7206"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7206"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}