{"id":7208,"date":"2021-10-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-09-30T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/gibraltarska-jaskyna-moze-ozrejmit-kulturu-neandertalcov-vanguard-gorhamova-jaskyna\/"},"modified":"2021-10-01T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-09-30T23:00:00","slug":"gibraltarska-jaskyna-moze-ozrejmit-kulturu-neandertalcov-vanguard-gorhamova-jaskyna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/gibraltarska-jaskyna-moze-ozrejmit-kulturu-neandertalcov-vanguard-gorhamova-jaskyna\/","title":{"rendered":"Gibralt\u00e1rska jasky\u0148a m\u00f4\u017ee ozrejmi\u0165 kult\u00faru neandert\u00e1lcov"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gibralt\u00e1rska jaskynn\u00e1 komora<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Clive Finlayson<\/strong> a jeho t\u00edm vedcov, ktor\u00ed vykop\u00e1vaj\u00fa jaskynn\u00fa sie\u0165 na Gibralt\u00e1rskej skale objavili nepresk\u00faman\u00fa komoru<\/strong>.\u00a0 Pred svetom bola uzavret\u00e1 najmenej 40 000 rokov.<\/strong>\u00a0 Pod\u013ea Finlaysona, evolu\u010dn\u00e9ho biol\u00f3ga a riadite\u013ea Gibralt\u00e1rskeho n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho m\u00fazea<\/strong>, jasky\u0148u zape\u010datili pred zvy\u0161kom sveta skala a sediment. Vedci sa dnes domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee gibralt\u00e1rska jasky\u0148a m\u00f4\u017ee ozrejmi\u0165 kult\u00faru a zvyky neandert\u00e1lcov \u017eij\u00facich v tejto oblasti. Jasky\u0148u Vanguard<\/strong> (s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 Gorhamovej jaskyne) za\u010dali odborn\u00edci sk\u00fama\u0165 u\u017e v roku 2012. Vanguard je z\u00e1rove\u0148 jedn\u00fdm z posledn\u00fdch zn\u00e1mych s\u00eddel neandert\u00e1lcov v Eur\u00f3pe.<\/p>\n Gibralt\u00e1rska jasky\u0148a Vanguard (komplex Gorhamovej jaskyne) Zdroj:www.twitter.com (Gorham\u00b4s Cave)\n

 <\/p>\n

Objavy v 13-metrov\u00fdch komor\u00e1ch\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Skupina vedcov sa sna\u017eila zisti\u0165 skuto\u010dn\u00e9 rozmery jaskyne Vanguard, ale aj to \u010di sa v nej nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa nejak\u00e9 pieskom upchat\u00e9 priechody. Narazili tak na medzeru v sedimente, ktor\u00fa roz\u0161\u00edrili a preliezli. Ocitli v jaskynnom priestore dlhom 13 metrov, kde zo stropu viseli stalaktity. V\u0161imli si aj rozbit\u00e9 z\u00e1vesy na skal\u00e1ch sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 starovek\u00fdm zemetrasen\u00edm. Ke\u010f\u017ee bola komora uzavret\u00e1 od zvy\u0161ku jaskyne, stiekla tak do nej voda a vytvorila usadeniny soli zn\u00e1me ako stalaktity.<\/p>\n

\u201eSvoj\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom je to skoro ako objavi\u0165 hrobku Tutancham\u00f3na – <\/strong>idete do priestoru, v ktorom nikto nebol 40 000 rokov“<\/strong>, povedal pre britsk\u00e9 noviny The Guardian Finlayson.<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00edmi objavmi v jaskyni boli roztr\u00fasen\u00e9 kosti rysa, hyeny, supa a \u0161krabance na sten\u00e1ch patriace nezn\u00e1memu m\u00e4so\u017eravcovi. Paz\u00fary sa podobali medved\u00edm, av\u0161ak boli pr\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00e9, a to priviedlo riadite\u013ea k hypot\u00e9ze o rysovi. Najpozoruhodnej\u0161\u00edm objavom bolo pod\u013ea neho n\u00e1jdenie ve\u013ekej surmovky – morsk\u00e9ho ulitn\u00edka. Tento kus jaskyne je dnes pribli\u017ene 20 metrov nad morom, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ulitn\u00edka tam niekto vzal pred 40 000 rokmi. Dokazuje to pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed v jaskynn\u00fdch komor\u00e1ch, no vedci na\u010falej sk\u00famaj\u00fa vzorky sedimentu a pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 DNA.<\/p>\n \u0160krabance nezn\u00e1meho m\u00e4so\u017eravca na sten\u00e1ch jaskyne Zdroj:www.gibmuseum.gi ,www.edition.cnn.com\n

<\/h3>\n

Hlb\u0161ie sk\u00famanie neandert\u00e1lcov\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00fd t\u00edm objavil dostatok d\u00f4kazov o v\u00fdskyte neandert\u00e1lcov – od ohn\u00edsk a kamenn\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov, a\u017e po pozostatky zabit\u00fdch zvierat ak\u00fdmi boli jelene, kozoro\u017ece, tulene a delf\u00edny. Pred \u0161tyrmi rokmi na\u0161la Finlaysonova skupina mlie\u010dny zub pribli\u017ene \u0161tvorro\u010dn\u00e9ho neandert\u00e1lskeho die\u0165a\u0165a. Na z\u00e1klade objaven\u00fdch kost\u00ed hyen mohli ma\u0165 v komore brloh a die\u0165a tam odtiahli pr\u00e1ve ony.<\/p>\n

Vedci d\u00fafaj\u00fa, \u017ee \u010fal\u0161ie kopanie by mohlo vies\u0165 k bo\u010dn\u00fdm komor\u00e1m alebo pohrebisku. Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee zvy\u0161n\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca bude trva\u0165 e\u0161te desa\u0165ro\u010dia, pr\u00edpadne viac. N\u00e1dej ale vkladaj\u00fa do odoberania vzoriek DNA, pomocou ktor\u00fdch chc\u00fa odhali\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie stopy \u017eivotn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu neandert\u00e1lcov – vr\u00e1tane pohrebn\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lov.<\/p>\n

\u201eJaskyne n\u00e1m poskytli ve\u013ea inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o spr\u00e1van\u00ed neandert\u00e1lcov, povedal Finlayson. \u010ealeko od star\u00e9ho poh\u013eadu na brut\u00e1lne bytosti podobn\u00e9 opiciam si uvedomujeme, \u017ee v ka\u017edom oh\u013eade boli \u013eu\u010fmi schopn\u00fdmi v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny vec\u00ed ako dne\u0161n\u00ed modern\u00ed \u013eudia.“<\/p>\n

Finlayson ver\u00ed, \u017ee jeho pr\u00e1ca v jaskyni Vanguard men\u00ed stereotypn\u00fd obraz neandert\u00e1lcov opisuj\u00faci div\u00fdch lovcov zveri. Okrem zmasakrovan\u00fdch zvierat na\u0161li aj last\u00fary a to dokazuje, \u017ee jedli m\u00e4kk\u00fd\u0161e z pobre\u017eia. Lovili ve\u013ek\u00e9 vt\u00e1ky, ak\u00fdm je napr\u00edklad orol kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fd (predpokladalo sa, \u017ee ho chyti\u0165 nedok\u00e1zali), no na\u0161li sa i pozostatky tule\u0148ov a delf\u00ednov. Mohli vedie\u0165 vypl\u00e1va\u0165, pr\u00edpadne sa orientova\u0165 na mori.<\/p>\n Gorhamova jasky\u0148a Zdroj:www.twitter.com\n

Profesor Clive Finlayson mal pri vstupe do samotnej jaskyne husiu ko\u017eu a ozna\u010dil ho ako najvzru\u0161uj\u00facej\u0161\u00ed objav jeho kari\u00e9ry. Ide len o prv\u00fa f\u00e1zu v\u00fdkopu , preto\u017ee komora je iba strechou jaskyne a na to, aby ju odkryli potrebuj\u00fa zisti\u0165 omnoho viac. Nevylu\u010duj\u00fa sa objavy v r\u00e1mci celej, doposia\u013e nepreb\u00e1danej jaskyne. Profesorov\u00fdm cie\u013eom nebolo len n\u00e1jdenie kostlivcov, ale ich hlb\u0161ie poznanie. Kto boli, ako \u017eili, ako zomreli a pre\u017eili na\u0161i neandert\u00e1lski predkovia.<\/p>\n

\u201eSom hrd\u00fd na to, \u017ee som si dal urobi\u0165 test, na z\u00e1klade ktor\u00e9ho som zistil nie\u010do \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9. Moja DNA obsahuje dvojpercentn\u00fd neandert\u00e1lsky g\u00e9n.“ <\/strong><\/p>\n

Objavenie nov\u00fdch poznatkov v oblasti kult\u00fary neandert\u00e1lcov predstavuje ve\u013ek\u00fd historick\u00fd prelom, ktor\u00fd sa pod\u013ea progn\u00f3z vedcov do\u010dk\u00e1 svojho pokra\u010dovania.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroje: www.cbc.ca , www.theguardian.com , edition.cnn.com<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gibralt\u00e1rska jaskynn\u00e1 komora Clive Finlayson a jeho t\u00edm vedcov, ktor\u00ed vykop\u00e1vaj\u00fa jaskynn\u00fa sie\u0165 na Gibralt\u00e1rskej skale objavili nepresk\u00faman\u00fa komoru.\u00a0 Pred svetom bola uzavret\u00e1 najmenej 40<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7208","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7208","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7208"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7208\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7208"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7208"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7208"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}