{"id":7217,"date":"2021-10-07T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-06T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/cokolada-vdacime-za-nu-latinskoamerickym-kulturam\/"},"modified":"2021-10-07T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T23:00:00","slug":"cokolada-vdacime-za-nu-latinskoamerickym-kulturam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/cokolada-vdacime-za-nu-latinskoamerickym-kulturam\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010cokol\u00e1da &#8211; v\u010fa\u010d\u00edme za \u0148u latinskoamerick\u00fdm kult\u00faram"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>P\u00f4vod \u010dokol\u00e1dy<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u010cokol\u00e1da je vyr\u00e1ban\u00e1 zo semien tropick\u00fdch kakaovn\u00edkov a poch\u00e1dza z da\u017e\u010fov\u00fdch pralesov Strednej a Ju\u017enej Ameriky. Dlh\u0161\u00ed \u010das bola pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za \u201ejedlo bohov&#8220;, nesk\u00f4r ako dobrota vyhraden\u00e1 elite. Uctievali ju <strong>Mayovia a Azt\u00e9kovia<\/strong>, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 Azt\u00e9kovia poch\u00fa\u0165ku stavali na piedest\u00e1l. D\u00e1vali ju napr\u00edklad pi\u0165 v\u00ed\u0165azn\u00fdm bojovn\u00edkom po bitke, pou\u017e\u00edvali ju pri n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch ritu\u00e1loch a kakao sl\u00fa\u017eilo ako platidlo. Spo\u010diatku sa v\u0161ak konzumovala iba vo forme <strong>hor\u00faceho n\u00e1poja<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoh\u00fdm \u013eu\u010fom sa pri \u010dokol\u00e1de vybav\u00ed automaticky Belgicko \u010di \u0160vaj\u010diarsko, no okrem Ju\u017enej Ameriky siaha jej hist\u00f3ria aj do Mexika. Magaz\u00edn <strong>Smithsonian<\/strong> uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee samotn\u00e9 slovo poch\u00e1dza z azt\u00e9ckeho <strong>\u201exocolatl&#8220;<\/strong>, \u010do ozna\u010dovalo hor\u00faci n\u00e1poj vyr\u00e1ban\u00fd z kakaovn\u00edkov. Zvykol sa mie\u0161a\u0165 s \u010dili, \u0161peci\u00e1lnymi bylinkami, medom a kvetmi. Tekutina bola vy\u0161\u013eahan\u00e1 do peny a stala a s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou posv\u00e4tn\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lov.<\/p>\n kakaov\u00e9 b\u00f4by zdroj:sk.pinterest.com\n<h3><strong>D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 \u00faloha \u010dokol\u00e1dy\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Najstar\u0161ie stopy kakaa archeol\u00f3govia objavili na <strong>keramike<\/strong> pou\u017e\u00edvanej starovekou kult\u00farou Mayo-Chinchipe, a to pred 5300 rokmi v amazonskom regi\u00f3ne Ekv\u00e1dor. \u010cokol\u00e1da zohr\u00e1vala d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa politick\u00fa, duchovn\u00fa a ekonomick\u00fa \u00falohu v starovek\u00fdch mezoamerick\u00fdch civiliz\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. Pra\u017een\u00e9 kakaov\u00e9 b\u00f4by sa mleli na pastu &#8211; t\u00fa n\u00e1sledne kombinovali s vodou, vanilkou, \u010dili papri\u010dkami a r\u00f4znymi koreniami, aby pripravili <strong>peniv\u00fd \u010dokol\u00e1dov\u00fd n\u00e1poj<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Starovek\u00ed Mezoameri\u010dania verili, \u017ee \u010dokol\u00e1da je zdrojom energie a afrodiziakom s mystick\u00fdmi \u010di lie\u010div\u00fdmi vlastnos\u0165ami. Keramika n\u00e1jden\u00e1 v oblasti <strong>Hondurasu<\/strong> tie\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee tamoj\u0161ie kult\u00fary vyr\u00e1bali kvasen\u00fd alkoholick\u00fd n\u00e1poj zo sladkej du\u017einy kakaov\u00e9ho ovocia. Mayovia ju vyu\u017e\u00edvali v spom\u00ednan\u00fdch posv\u00e4tn\u00fdch ritu\u00e1loch a na pohreboch. Bohat\u00ed Mayovia pili napenen\u00e9 \u010dokol\u00e1dov\u00e9 n\u00e1poje, zatia\u013e \u010do oby\u010dajn\u00ed \u013eudia si ju prid\u00e1vali do studen\u00fdch ka\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V \u010dase, ke\u010f sa \u013eudia z azt\u00e9ckej r\u00ed\u0161e rozp\u0155chli po Mezoamerike, aj oni pri\u0161li na chu\u0165 ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e9mu kakau. Ke\u010f\u017ee such\u00e9 vyso\u010diny stredn\u00e9ho Mexika jeho pestovaniu neposkytovali ide\u00e1lne podmienky, za\u010dali obchodova\u0165 s Mayskou r\u00ed\u0161ou. Vyu\u017e\u00edvali barterov\u00fd obchod, pri\u010dom im za kakao pon\u00fakali fazu\u013eu, ktor\u00e1 sl\u00fa\u017eila aj ako ist\u00fd druh meny (napr\u00edklad mor\u010daciu sliepku alebo zajaca mohli k\u00fapi\u0165 za 100 fazuliek).<\/p>\n hor\u00faci \u010dokol\u00e1dov\u00fd n\u00e1poj zdroj:sk.pinterest.com\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u010cokol\u00e1da v Eur\u00f3pe\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u010cokol\u00e1da sa v Eur\u00f3pe objavila v <strong>polovici 15. storo\u010dia, <\/strong>kedy ju priniesli \u0161panielski dobyvatelia. Spom\u00edna sa predov\u0161etk\u00fdm dobyvate\u013e <strong>Hernando Cort\u00e9s<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd cestoval do Mezoameriky s cie\u013eom zalo\u017ei\u0165 \u0161panielske kol\u00f3nie. Tam ho mali priv\u00edta\u0165 litrami pikantn\u00e9ho n\u00e1poja. Cort\u00e9s si ho vzal so sebou do \u0160panielska a n\u00e1poj sa stal okam\u017eit\u00fdm hitom. Spo\u010diatku sa viac pou\u017e\u00edval ako liek, no jeho hork\u00e1 chu\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed viedla k tomu, aby si ho osladili. Cukor, vanilka a med sp\u00f4sobili to, \u017ee sa na \u0161panielskom dvore stal \u201em\u00f3dnou z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165ou&#8220;. O storo\u010die nesk\u00f4r sa sladen\u00e1 \u010dokol\u00e1da stala m\u00f3dnym a drah\u00fdm tovarom v celej Eur\u00f3pe.<\/p>\n<p>Magaz\u00edn <strong>Smithsonian<\/strong> hovor\u00ed o legende, v ktorej azt\u00e9cky kr\u00e1\u013e Montezuma priv\u00edtal \u0161panielskeho prieskumn\u00edka Hernanda Cort\u00e9sa ve\u013ekou hostinou. Hostina samozrejme zah\u0155\u0148ala pitie \u010dokol\u00e1dy, av\u0161ak kr\u00e1\u013e si dobyvate\u013ea pom\u00fdlil \u201es reinkarnovan\u00fdm bo\u017estvom namiesto v\u00ed\u0165azn\u00e9ho \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>Napriek tomu, \u017ee \u0160panieli sladili hor\u00faci n\u00e1poj trstinov\u00fdm cukrom a \u0161koricou, jedna vec ostala zachovan\u00e1 &#8211; \u010dokol\u00e1da sa stala delik\u00e1tnym symbolom luxusu, bohatstva a moci. Bola ur\u010den\u00e1 iba pre kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e9 pery a elity. Popularita \u010dokol\u00e1dy sa roz\u0161\u00edrila po celej Eur\u00f3pe, kde ju aristokrati konzumovali ako magick\u00fd elix\u00edr pln\u00fd zdrav\u00fdch ingredienci\u00ed. Eur\u00f3pske mocnosti dokonca zalo\u017eili koloni\u00e1lne plant\u00e1\u017ee v rovn\u00edkov\u00fdch oblastiach po celom svete. Pestovali kakao a cukor, \u010dasom si dokonca nechali dovies\u0165 africk\u00fdch otrokov, ktor\u00ed na plant\u00e1\u017each udr\u017eiavali plynul\u00fa v\u00fdrobu \u010dokol\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>\u010cokol\u00e1dov\u00e1 revol\u00facia\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Revol\u00faciu vo v\u00fdrobe aristokratick\u00e9ho nekt\u00e1ru priniesol vyn\u00e1lez <strong>kakaov\u00e9ho lisu v roku 1828. <\/strong>Tento vyn\u00e1lez bol prip\u00edsan\u00fd holandsk\u00e9mu chemikovi <strong>Coenraadovi Johannesovi van Houtenovi. <\/strong>Kakaov\u00fd lis dok\u00e1zal oddeli\u0165 tuk od pra\u017een\u00fdch kakaov\u00fdch b\u00f4bov a nechal po sebe len jemn\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ok. Bol ove\u013ea chutnej\u0161\u00ed ako hor\u00faci n\u00e1poj a \u013eudia namiesto vody za\u010dali prid\u00e1va\u0165 mlieko, \u010d\u00edm sa za\u010dal podoba\u0165 dne\u0161nej hor\u00facej \u010dokol\u00e1de. T\u00e1to met\u00f3da pomohla aj <strong>s\u00e9riovej v\u00fdrobe<\/strong> \u010dokol\u00e1dy. \u010coskoro si \u010dokol\u00e1du mohol dovoli\u0165 ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed po\u010det \u013eud\u00ed, nastala <strong>\u201edemokratiz\u00e1cia \u010dokol\u00e1dy&#8220;<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>V roku <strong>1847<\/strong> britsk\u00e1 \u010dokol\u00e1dov\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 <strong>J.S. Fry and Sons<\/strong> dostala n\u00e1pad skombinova\u0165 tuk, lik\u00e9r a cukor. Zmes premiestnili do foriem a zrodila sa tak <strong>\u010dokol\u00e1dov\u00e1 ty\u010dinka<\/strong>. \u010cokol\u00e1da vyroben\u00e1 touto met\u00f3dou pripom\u00ednala jemn\u00fa hork\u00fa \u010dokol\u00e1du. Pridan\u00edm su\u0161en\u00e9ho mlieka do \u010dokol\u00e1dy, sa zasa \u0161vaj\u010diarskemu podnikate\u013eovi <strong>Danielovi Peterovi<\/strong> podarilo uvies\u0165 na trh prv\u00fa tabu\u013eku mlie\u010dnej \u010dokol\u00e1dy na svete.<\/p>\n ilustr\u00e1cia lisu na \u010dokol\u00e1du zdroj: bbc.co.uk\n<p>Zdroje: www.history.com ,\u00a0 www.npr.org ,\u00a0 www.bbc.co.uk<\/p>\n<p>Cover photo source: pexels.com<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u00f4vod \u010dokol\u00e1dy \u010cokol\u00e1da je vyr\u00e1ban\u00e1 zo semien tropick\u00fdch kakaovn\u00edkov a poch\u00e1dza z da\u017e\u010fov\u00fdch pralesov Strednej a Ju\u017enej Ameriky. Dlh\u0161\u00ed \u010das bola pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za \u201ejedlo bohov&#8220;,<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7217","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7217"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7217\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7217"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7217"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7217"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}